兰州大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题

注意：答案请一律写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%)
Directions： In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose
from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the
underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that
can beat complete the sentence in question.
Section I
1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food
from large animal carcasses

A. destroy

B. identify  C. remove

D. compare

2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and
highways as well as with urban affairs

A. outlandish

B. remote

C exempted D. exclusive

3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or
soap-making cither would do.

A. advantageous B. convenient

C. identifiable

D. equivalent

4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on
Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened

A. continuation

B. beginning C. expansion  D. outcome

5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North
America were formed

A. melted

B. advanced

C evaporated

D. exploded

6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of
money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street
barrows

A. a fortune B. a dime

C. much

D. quite lot

7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres
of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.

A. lawfully

B. subsequently

C. randomly

D. mercilessly

8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension
plans each year.
A. nongovernmental   B. unauthorized

C. confidential

D. nontransferable

9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are
Dormant

A. uncharted

B. unpredictable

C. minor

D. inactive

10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to
the fine blood vessels.

A. independent of B. near

C. obscured by

D. within

11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.

A. critical

B. unusual

C. persistent

D. unexpected

12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American
Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from
all the others.

A. prospect

B. stages

C. aspect

D. activity

13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the
outer ear from the inner ear.

A lightly tinted

B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made

14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867
was foolish.

A. requiring

B. sending C. buying  D. applying

15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that
prevail in the forests.
A dominate   B. rebuild C. invade  D. tend
16. In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to
facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.

A proscribing B. protruding

C. provoking

D. protracting

17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light
passes.

A. in addition to B. in spite of   C. because of

D. with regard to

18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.

A. attacker

B. nourishment   C. enemies

D. victims

19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,

A. absurd

B. nourishment C. tragic D. unpardonable

20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically
wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?

A. only

B. at least C. exactly

D. fewer than

Section II (20%)
21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.
A. when scientists began to appreciate
B. did scientists begin to appreciate
C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate
D. the appreciation of scientists began
22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about
ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness.

A. widely used it
C. which widely used

B. was widely used
D. widely used

23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office
____   by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes.

A. was administered
C. was accomplished

B. being directed
D. of administration was

24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.

A. when

B. while

C. and

D. because

25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of
Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas.

A. As

B. Despite

C. Though

D. In case

26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.
A. increased B. brought about C. evolved D. resulted
27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park
surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.

A. located

B- secluded

C formed D. spotted

28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the
North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case.

A. in increase attention

B. with increasing attention

C. with attention increasing

D. in attention

29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively.

A. have brought about

B. had set up

C have established D. had put up

30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one
another and ___ where we in society.

A. to determine

B. determine

C. to the determination

D. by determining

31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in
the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time.

A. with

B. in

C. by

D. at

32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were
fewer calories in every slice.
A. message B. the message C. messages D. information
33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other
institutions in society.
A. being as more firmly    B. as more firmly
C. as being more firmly    D. as is more firmly
34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing
expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.

A was

B. because

C. to which

D. an

35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when
exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.

A. from becoming B. becoming

C. to become   D. to becoming

36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____”

A. statement

B. lesson C. proverb D. precept

37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored,
_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black.
A but that    B. though  C. however   D. therefore
38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups,
often numbering in the hundreds.

A. Even

B. Why

C. Although

D. Nevertheless

39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.

A Plants are widely spaced

B. The wide spacing of plants

C. The spacing of plants is wide

D. Plants to be spaced widely

40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations,
_____interrupt previously continuous layers.

A. by which

B. which it

C. where they D. thus it

Part Two Translation
Section I (From English into Chinese)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined
sentences into Chinese. (20%)
(1) Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F.
Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog
computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time.
“It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on
analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments.
(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so
programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sad
experience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of
Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is the magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placed
in a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the
only path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around
running into one wall after another. Eventually，by repeated try and error, it will
locate the cheese.
If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without
hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if
its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders
only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that
have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former
arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones.
(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking
done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have
the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the
basis of its own experience.
Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one.
The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the
other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At
any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything — not ye t Whether it
ever will is still an open argument
SectionII (From Chinese into English)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined
sentences into English. (20%)
在中国的西北边陲，在新疆的天山南北，有一支拥有百万军垦战士，肩负“屯垦戍边”使
命的接师，——新疆生产建设兵团。
(6)这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团釆取军事建制，战士却不穿军装，从事生产建设                                     。
（7）兵团成立 45 年来，百万军垦战士在沙漠边绘的荒原上栽种了几亿棵树，创建设了 172
个、面积达数万亩的绿洲.在世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛千沙漢和古尔班通古特沙漠的边缘，
兵团创建了“人进沙退”的奇连，他们的存在，使中国辽阔的西北边陲, 铸起了一道绿色
的“界碑”.
（8）45 年前，驻新藏中国人民解放军 10 万零 5 千官兵就地转业，成立新疆军区生产建设
兵团。从 60 年代初开始,又有大批的军队复转官兵从内地调来，大批的知识育年抅入兵
团，他们的到来壮大了兵团的臥伍，也为兵团注入了新的活力.现在第三代兵团也己经幵
始加入这个行列.
今天，我们在新疆生产建设兵团看到的是悠悠绿洲和一派丰收景象。在兵团里，每—个老
战士都能讲述一段兵团人早期艰苦创业的历史.
（9）“新疆占袓国版图的六分之一，我们绝不能让这里的国土是一片荒原！”这是张仲
翰将军在率部队进军新疆准备屯田时的讲话，也是十几万解放军官兵进入新疆时的蜇言。
兵团官兵节衣缩食，艰苦奋斗，用节约下来的钱购买家具，在戈壁荒原上开辟出了 —
个个绿洲：使历史上被称为“死亡之海”的塔里木盆地的边缘，变成了稻谷跃香鱼满塘
的“塞外江南”。
不久前,一位世界银行的高级官员在参观了薪疆兵团生机勃勃的机械化农场后赞扬
说：（10) “这是我所见到的最成功的农业开发，这是中国人的一个伟大创举，也是世界
的一个奇迹。”

Part Three Writing (20%)
Directions:
Title:THE EXAMINATION CHEATING
Time limit 50 minutes
Word Limit: 250 — 200 words
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below.
Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE:
1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges
2. Causes of examination cheating
3. My comments

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