医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 +
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一、肺 Lung $5L0.$Tj
清晰 clear BS&;n
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows Z_gC&7+
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings g~BoFc.V2~
钙化灶 calcified s/:Fwr4q#a
空洞 cavitation @$"L:1_
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 9S[XTU
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density _5MNMVLwW
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows JlK
M+UE:
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density <!pQ
圆形致密影 a round density KluA
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening s4 %(
>Q
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle r-kMLw/)
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement CC;! <km
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion YpUp@/"
液气胸 hydropneumothorax ?EU\}N J
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement r}u%#G+K,
肺门模糊 hilar haze CzV(cSS9-
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density o{*ay$vA]
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) x90jw$\%7
阴影性状 shadow 1! p/6
淡的 haziness JaWv]@9*
云雾状 clouding 3`HnLD/
线装 streaky hNXBVIL<&
絮状 patcky ha;l(U>
结节状 nodular m}$+Hdk+7
块状 massive cgC\mM4Nla
粟粒状 miliary 4R>zPEo
融合状 confluent ;r=b|B9c
均匀的 homogeneous rZ
bEvS
二、心脏 Heart 5/m$)wE
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement `-B+JQmen
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta R*1kR|*_)
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart ID1?PM
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment K:yr-#(P/
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery L6
6-LMkH
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow tJ&5tNl
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement V'Qn sI
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation TrE3S'EU#R
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart WV kR56
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta ++[5q+b
心腰部 waist of heart % U`xu.
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart Q
|i9aE
三、腹部平片 KUB film Q"J-tP!
结石 calculus m4ApHM2
钙化影 calcified shadow 1M%S
gV-#
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern TbE:||r?^
液气平面 gas-fluid level F=@i6ERi
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air g?/XZ5$a5
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination SKXBrD=-
胃肠造影 gastroenterography "Q+83adY4x
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography h:qHR]
8dZ
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign Ruh)^g
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) p5]_}I`+2
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine &m{'nRU}c
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon k1N$+h
;\
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time 6`nR5 fh
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach }HZ{(?
充盈缺损 filling defect
OHp5z?
z
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds 2z2`
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) E)YVfM
球部激惹现象 irritable cap ~a+NJ6e1
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) `6w#8}
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis Px4/O~bLk
蠕动消失 aperistalsis ,-#GX{!
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation we]>(|
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon rFd@mO
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold K;kM_%9u
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold -}<g-*m"q
五、胆道 bile tract lmFA&s"m
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography #\FT EY!
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography jUY+3"?
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography h`?k.{})M
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) wJIB$3OT
胆总管扩张dilated common duct 6v47 QW|'
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily o~~ 9!\
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately 9O
>z4o
收缩功能 contractibility 1X@b?6
六、骨骼skeleton @l
>Xnqx)
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone TA)LPBG
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance )Qr6/c8}
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction ?`. XK}
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) A'g,:8Ou
骨化 ossification gM, &Spn
畸形 deformity 5bfb!7-[i
缩短 shortening dQ6GhS~
移位 displacement
|Ylg$?,9*
脱位 luxation j`9Nwa
半脱位 subluxation QNJ\!+,HV
连接不正 malunion CKC0{J8g
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture ]L(54q;W
多发性骨折 multiple fracture B/_6Ieb+
病理性骨折 pathological fracture pzSqbgfrQ
关节间隙 joint space ]wf|PU~nr
椎间隙 intervertebral space $3:X+
X
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage @YB85p"]J.
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) ,RN|d0dE
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis r#I>_Utsy
死骨 sequestrum d5'
)6
骨质坏死 bone necrosis L5C2ng>
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint @#CF".fuN>
关节强直 ankyloses %O_t`wz
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation kYtHX~@
对线良好 good alignment gPp(e
j7
对位良好 good apposition )-)pYRlO
七、泌尿系统 urological system L6 kZ2-6
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) z.j4tc9F/5
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography 3B -NYJa
萎缩 atrophy )^(P@D.L
移位 deformity k%!VP=c4s
扭曲 distortion .xo_}Vw
充盈缺损 filling defect !c."
狭窄 stricture }M?|,N6
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone _y"a2M
八、X线检查位置 ]p\u$VY9
前后位 anteroposterior projection ysl8LK
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection 3Cd<p[%3#,
侧位 lateral projection mDlCt_h
立位 upright position /t$*W\PL@
斜位 oblique projection pOX$4$VR<
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection gINwvzW{
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection _Ws#UL+Nq
前凸位 lordotic position projection f~U
#z7
轴位 axial position U-1VnX9m
头位 cranial projection V*>73I
尾位 caudal projection Q|Nzbmwh