医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 bJ3(ckhq
一、肺 Lung
27 GhE
清晰 clear "5!BU&
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows oRq!=eUu_
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings nr
\q7
钙化灶 calcified -5>NE35Cto
空洞 cavitation {G*QY%j^
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) <@,$hso7:
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density . (`3JQ2s
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows gPEqjj
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density c[cAUsk i
圆形致密影 a round density Imym+
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening
Xm_$
dZ
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle `M@Ak2gcR+
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement ]tt} #
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion ;")A{tX2
液气胸 hydropneumothorax q<{NO/Mm
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement 9$l>\.6
肺门模糊 hilar haze 0[a}n6XTk
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density [CN$ScK,
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) ($!KzxF3
阴影性状 shadow Ruaur]
淡的 haziness %:u[MBe ,
云雾状 clouding 1dG06<!
线装 streaky #hxyOq,
絮状 patcky 46,j9x
结节状 nodular d@kc[WLD^
块状 massive lZ+!H=`
粟粒状 miliary
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融合状 confluent YUkud2,j
均匀的 homogeneous UuJjO^t
二、心脏 Heart \,xFg w4
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement 'jaoO9KY
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主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta p2pAvlNoF
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart QGPw2Q
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment Plo ,XU
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery X>l*v\F9
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow :Ml7G
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement vA&Vu"}S
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation %%}A|,
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart FxU'LN<;HY
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta B@K[3
心腰部 waist of heart 5vOC CW
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart z@h~Vb&I
三、腹部平片 KUB film X[hM8G
结石 calculus :,UN8L "
钙化影 calcified shadow ~brFo2
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern O!F]^'!
液气平面 gas-fluid level E`D%PEps+
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air Qi=*1QAkr
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination /L~m#HxWU
胃肠造影 gastroenterography :7b-$fm
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography zVaCXNcbo
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign 284zmZZ
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) 2CLB1
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine 'gTmH [be
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon ;e{5)@h$
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time AU{:;%.g
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach G\~^&BAC
充盈缺损 filling defect RU_L<Lpi
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds e!0OW7kV
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) Spj9H ?m
球部激惹现象 irritable cap ($d4:Ww
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) O%JSViPw
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis 2C/%gcN >
蠕动消失 aperistalsis u{C)qb5Pu
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation 2Rptxb_@
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon )%j"
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold T.Zz;2I
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold
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五、胆道 bile tract a$}6:E
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography (!</%^ZI
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography 0m=(W^c
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography p;->hn~D'5
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) Eo=HNe
胆总管扩张dilated common duct A*0*sZ0
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily 8S>>7z!U
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately uPDaq ]A
收缩功能 contractibility /hci\-8N~
六、骨骼skeleton hqW$kw
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone gWu"91Y0>
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance 8=4^Lm
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction
PqfVX8/q0
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) JQT4N[rEE
骨化 ossification i+ic23$4M
畸形 deformity `A{'s %$?!
缩短 shortening e"_"vbk
移位 displacement :?#cDyW)
脱位 luxation +Ag#B*
半脱位 subluxation n/-N;'2J
连接不正 malunion ca}S{"
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture UJwq n"Q^
多发性骨折 multiple fracture 8;.` {'r
病理性骨折 pathological fracture opnkmM&[
关节间隙 joint space ^Kum%<[i
椎间隙 intervertebral space
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肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage dw99FA6
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) -;S3|
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis _<Vg[-:1
死骨 sequestrum J{x##p<F$
骨质坏死 bone necrosis Bf(Mot^
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint qIk
)'!Vk
关节强直 ankyloses `7$Oh{67
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation I')x]edU
对线良好 good alignment o"f%\N0_8
对位良好 good apposition EyPy*_A
七、泌尿系统 urological system ;pCG9
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) :.C)7( 8S
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography B~e7w 4
萎缩 atrophy #Z#_!o
移位 deformity v@]6<e$
扭曲 distortion tTE3H_
充盈缺损 filling defect W>VAbm
狭窄 stricture 0n7HkDo
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone UU-v;_oP
八、X线检查位置 &<#/&Pq/i
前后位 anteroposterior projection IcO9V<Q|
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection VQ/ <09e
侧位 lateral projection JJ*0M(GG
立位 upright position U8Cw7u2
斜位 oblique projection
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右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection v] W1F,u
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection [%7IQ4`{
前凸位 lordotic position projection F9ZOSL
8Q
轴位 axial position t=A E7
头位 cranial projection 5Q2T
T $P
尾位 caudal projection tOu90gu