医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 :|*Gnu
一、肺 Lung PU,6h}
清晰 clear V)_H E
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows CwTS /G
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings Wq=ZU\Y
钙化灶 calcified kr
EH`f
空洞 cavitation ]Ct`4pA
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 0})7of
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density 9 AQ96
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows N (:E K
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density
glOqft&>`
圆形致密影 a round density e]dPF[?7
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening k"3Z@Px
:
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 4U LJtM3
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement Qwp\)jVi
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion Tb!B!m
液气胸 hydropneumothorax ,Do$`yO+
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement $~w@0Yl
肺门模糊 hilar haze s&_IWala
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density HiS,q0
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) /q*Qx )y+1
阴影性状 shadow %(dV|,|v
淡的 haziness YP
.%CD(K
云雾状 clouding 1=/MT#d^?
线装 streaky &ESR1$)'P
絮状 patcky $Kw"5cm
结节状 nodular yaYIgG
块状 massive ?O.6 r"
粟粒状 miliary S#0|#Z5qD
融合状 confluent pYi=q
均匀的 homogeneous aP6%OI
二、心脏 Heart ;hfG${l;
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement ?+} E
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta 9 (FcA5Y
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart ~i_R%z:y
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment m?R+Z6c[
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery K~hlwjrt
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow i]^*J1a
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement eQ)ioY
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation k9VQ6A
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart 3Ns:O2|
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta t"74HZO>
心腰部 waist of heart EpoQV ^Ey
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart |sZ9/G7
三、腹部平片 KUB film o'}Z!@h
结石 calculus U -^S<H
钙化影 calcified shadow By"ul
:.D
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern ~sja^
液气平面 gas-fluid level JC?V].) y5
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air !m.')\4<
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination NZ? =pfK\s
胃肠造影 gastroenterography #S74C*'8
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography pDS4_u
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign
k`zK
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) 4'eVFu+62
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine $R}iL
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon .3SjkC4I
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time hzVr3;3Zn
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach 0
#;
s{7k
充盈缺损 filling defect jtC ob'n8
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds [9Hm][|Ph
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) ?4dd|n
球部激惹现象 irritable cap H zK=UcD
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) ol>=tk 8}
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis Xq$0% WjG
蠕动消失 aperistalsis q "vT]=Y}:
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation {_D'\i(Y_
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon V#FLxITk
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold Wsz9X;
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold 6!V* :.(
五、胆道 bile tract uATRZMai
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography U4/$4.'NQ
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography lKSI5d
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography ;<Q_4
V
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) (6aZQ`H
胆总管扩张dilated common duct 2^+"GCo
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily d":{a6D*d
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately +d15a%^`
收缩功能 contractibility 43fA;Uc{Y`
六、骨骼skeleton T9.gs}B0
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone suSIz 7:
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance F3'G9Xf8Q=
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction n40Z
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) C\[UAxZ3X
骨化 ossification C,rZ}-
畸形 deformity `VbG%y&I
缩短 shortening N"{o3QmA
移位 displacement 0]HIc
脱位 luxation cm<3'#~Q?
半脱位 subluxation .BvV[`P
连接不正 malunion $+j)
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture }"v"^5
多发性骨折 multiple fracture x$*OglaS
病理性骨折 pathological fracture :cs
LZqn[
关节间隙 joint space jLg4_N1SD
椎间隙 intervertebral space R<U<
Y
'Y
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage XR(kR{yo
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) lDzVc`c
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis W=/B[@3'
死骨 sequestrum Bb6_['y
骨质坏死 bone necrosis d>f5Tl\E
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint Z q)A"'Y
关节强直 ankyloses 1x]G/I*
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation dJk.J9Z
对线良好 good alignment 6k-]2,\#
对位良好 good apposition 98l#+4+
七、泌尿系统 urological system |"arVde
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP)
& Ef'5
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography 2ma.zI@^u9
萎缩 atrophy GCrMrZ6
移位 deformity C]}0h!_V
扭曲 distortion }wn GO
r
充盈缺损 filling defect *%8dW
狭窄 stricture r*$KF!-dg
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone |@ia(U~
八、X线检查位置 >[[< 5$,T
前后位 anteroposterior projection *}Fo
eDe
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection _uDtRoI8
侧位 lateral projection cdk;HK_Ve.
立位 upright position w(VH>t
斜位 oblique projection /@q_`tU
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection )x]/b=m
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 5'@}8W3b
前凸位 lordotic position projection Xod#$'M>
轴位 axial position ugOcK Gf
头位 cranial projection VsFRG;:\U
尾位 caudal projection w<>B4
m\