医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 8VGXw;(Y,d
一、肺 Lung y:zT1I@>
清晰 clear ;pK"N:|
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows o5@P>\u>
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings _ShJ3\,K
钙化灶 calcified #IA(*oM
空洞 cavitation R*#Q=_
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 8=AKOOU7>
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density T mE4p
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows hRcJ):Wyb
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density +-137!x\q
圆形致密影 a round density >{=RQgGy
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening ~m&oa@*=y
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle v@SrEmg
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement 7B :aJfxM
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion B\w`)c
液气胸 hydropneumothorax NistW+{<
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement BJ
rNbo;T
肺门模糊 hilar haze DYl{{L8@
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density IsL/p3|
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction)
P6'I:/V
阴影性状 shadow Ik)Q0_<a
淡的 haziness hY9u
#3
云雾状 clouding v$Z1Lh
线装 streaky H_]kR&F8
絮状 patcky voE c'JET
结节状 nodular WF G/vzJ
块状 massive _A*0K,F-
粟粒状 miliary Z0KA4O$eL
融合状 confluent `!N?#
N:b)
均匀的 homogeneous jRc#>;dN
二、心脏 Heart
~~mQ
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement g=Jfp$*[
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta xH uyfQLk
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart >{Q2S
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment $-73}[UA 4
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery T8LwDqio
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow 5B6:pH6e
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement X,~C
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation ]LjW,b"
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart C4,W[L]4"
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta }dCnFZ{K3
心腰部 waist of heart }J1#UH_E
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart >b0}X)Z+U
三、腹部平片 KUB film qM'5cxe
结石 calculus =
4L.
钙化影 calcified shadow fy5)Tih%.*
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern ryPzq}#
液气平面 gas-fluid level 90a=
39kI
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air hdzaU&w
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination r.[k D"l
胃肠造影 gastroenterography Flsf5 Tr0
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography }/|1"D
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign JXrMtSp\
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) GI/o!0"_
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine >
ewcD{bt
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon i{.!1i:
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time kN)P-![
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach mSs%g L]g
充盈缺损 filling defect yd$y\pN=<
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds ~_Aclm?
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) I?gbu@o
球部激惹现象 irritable cap 2]|+.9B
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) OvkY zI`
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis ?o2L
蠕动消失 aperistalsis ?(Nls.c
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation }0:
=)e
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon r>Vgo):s
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold /J
^yOR9
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold @AJt/wPk
五、胆道 bile tract ZDlMkHJ
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography krgsmDi7
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography 8@ b8
3
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography H'+P7*k#M
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) <S<(wFE@4
胆总管扩张dilated common duct tcfUhSz,I
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily koFY7;_<?
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately R4{2+q=0
收缩功能 contractibility %A04'dj`zQ
六、骨骼skeleton dAR):ZKq?
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone mjfU[2
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance S~hNSw(-
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction b2hB'!m
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) ]*?qaIdqu
骨化 ossification ,JX/`7
y
畸形 deformity +v/_R{ M
缩短 shortening smJ%^'x
移位 displacement Drz#D1-2
脱位 luxation \)pk/
半脱位 subluxation ;kY'DKL(
连接不正 malunion |d&a&6U:
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture %R(1^lFI$
多发性骨折 multiple fracture F|9
W7
病理性骨折 pathological fracture #)z_TM07P
关节间隙 joint space D3N\$ D
椎间隙 intervertebral space 6p])2]N>p
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage > -OQk"o
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) $ba3dqbCW
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis a!vF;J-Zqa
死骨 sequestrum `L /\F,
骨质坏死 bone necrosis F<VoPqHq
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint Q)#+S(TG
关节强直 ankyloses QE1DTU
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation l.Iov?e1S
对线良好 good alignment
Ep)rEq6
对位良好 good apposition |]y]K%
七、泌尿系统 urological system gP:mZ7
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) HG{r\jh
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography >,wm-4&E
萎缩 atrophy
74i
移位 deformity (pJ-_w'G
扭曲 distortion b\&|030+
充盈缺损 filling defect D',[M)
狭窄 stricture /Sy:/BQ
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone EFSln*|
八、X线检查位置 w_4/::K*
前后位 anteroposterior projection Kw_> X&GcJ
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection SFP%UfM<