目录: L2|aHI1'l
第01章 名词性从句 FA$zZs10\
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 zWIeHIt
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 +LzovC@^
第04章 主谓一致 ._<ii 2K'
第05章 动词不定式 2QayM?k8
第06章 倒装结构 Vxh.<b6&'
第07章 定语从句 $TG?4
第08章 被动语态 n33kb
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第09章 祈使句 =!<G!^
第10章 感叹句 |}S1o0v{(a
第11章 疑问句 7BFN|S_l
第12章 名词 6Rz[?-mkLO
第一章 名词性从句 >XE`h9
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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 M|%c(K#E,3
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一. 主语从句 0.DQO;
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1K[(ou'rl
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 frH)_ YJ%
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: {;k_!v{
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 qrDcL>Hrn
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 )%mAZk-*;^
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) YIOR$
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) d=F-L
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2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 ;[Tyt[
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 t)I0lnbs
It is a fact that … 事实是… K^H>~`C=
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 SE!L :
It is common knowledge that …是常识 7a<_BJXx
(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 ]^@0+
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It is natural that… 很自然… t!jwY /T
It is strange that… 奇怪的是… Jz$>k$!UD
(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句 `d
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It seems that… 似乎… =|0/Ynfe
It happened that… 碰巧… Y/P]5: =h
It appears that… 似乎… :[?!\m%0
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句 F=i!d,S
It is reported that… 据报道… vlQ0gsXK
It has been proved that… 已证实… S=O$JP79
It is said that… 据说… !$r9C/k
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: 7@P6
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(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 -+P7:4/
(2)It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: *<kD"m
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. Jvj=I82
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid. ;+%Z@b%
(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: g7Z9F[d
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. b~as64
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. sR!+d:LJ4
(4)It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: sVoR?peQ
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. [;@):28"
错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. !a[$)c
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: 8uA<G
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正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Ilef+V^qr
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? k<Oy%+C
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4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 -fPT}v
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: y.ql#eQ,
a) What you said yesterday is right. >)y$mc6
b) That she is still alive is a consolation DZP*x
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二.宾语从句 \!4|tBKVY
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 6Pijvx^0
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1. 作动词的宾语 ',#
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: a7=YG6[
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 0V7 _n
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: +Y;8~+
a) She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 WP!il(Gr
b) I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 wo]ks}9
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: ?V?<E=13
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 3 69Zu4|u
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2. 作介词的宾语,例如: }{t3SGs J
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 l{QC}{Ejc2
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3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: )WclV~
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 jf 8w7T
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注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 -`g J
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 pSXEJ 2k
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: /wlFD,+8
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 }Wqtip:L
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5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 x?gQ\0S<
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: <oQ6 Z X
正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. VH[l\I(h
错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. xmOM<0T
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6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 shD+eHo$
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: b70AJe=
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. lqauk)(A0
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. wzg i
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7. 否定的转移 ig+k[`W
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: fs7~NY
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 8pd&3G+
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三. 表语从句 M`(;>Kp7
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如: s
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1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. Kjv2J;Xuh
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. Nz}|%.GP"
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. 1R*1BStc
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. 9OH.&g
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四. 同位语从句 *Gf&q
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 A (PE
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1. 同位语从句的功能 F|9a}(-7
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: *q+oeAYX
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. N!]PIWnC
2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. \A` gK\/h
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2. 同位语在句子中的位置 ^*HVP*
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:
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He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3/SfUfWo
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 =`r ppO
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 ?.]o_L_K
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: ,G/\@x%
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) od;Bb
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) 0~Um^q*'3
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 d;;>4}XJ]
1.____he does has nothingto do with me. em f0sL
A. whatever B. No matterwhat C. That D. If LsuAOB 8
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ Oex{:dO "F
A. did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come about oG|?F4l*
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about E
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3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. ,-w-su=J_
A. what B. something C. anything D. that jx^|2
4. Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. ;t.SiA
A. while B. that C. when D. as fvAh?<Ul
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. M="WUe_
A. there B. in which C. where D. when )R
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6. They have no idea at all____. hP'~
A. where he has gone B.where did he go sR7{ i
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone .FfwY 'V
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. M"$jpBN*
A. that B. which C. of which D. ofthat 3Hb .ZLE#
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. Zztt)/6*
A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave Thht_3_C,f
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave lx A<iQia
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. 7?n*t
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether 89:?.'
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. {2'74
A. that B. which C. whether D. if tk3<sr"IQ
11. Is _____he said really true? z[0LU]b<
A. that B. what C. why D. whether 1pYmtr
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. |p=.Gg=2
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where )<]w23i
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. aPY>fy^8D
A. while B. if C. that D. for E,ZB;
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen.
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A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 5tgILxSK
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. Pi"tQyw39$
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If NbQMWU~7
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. C>k;Mvq O
A. What B. That C. Who D. How :#Ex3H7
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. .JD4gF2N
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what VFO&)E/-
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. O0=,&=i
A. What B. It C. All that D. That jr#g>7yM
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. Q'Q72Fg
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped \/x)BE,
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. ELkOrV~a{:
A. What B. That C. How D. Where ==e#CSJq
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Keys: Cr
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1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA :}3
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