2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 paYvYK-K?
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the c}u`L6
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United States by applying new social research findings on the Kk9eJ\
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration ,6Ua+\|
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of yN/Uyhq
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate b^dBX
propositions. nW"ml$
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England A<*G;
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World * .P3fVlZ
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies 3:B4;
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather %CaF-m=Pq
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly ;p8,=w
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of d>bS)
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that L9bIdiB7
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a Kc#42C;t/
typical New World community. For example, the economic and \0bZ1"
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. ) mG
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns Xhk_h2F[
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as k<.VR"I
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indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, r$/.x6g//
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the K[Ao_v2g
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial <pp<%~_Z
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who \CK f/:"
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled \+I+Lrj%
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laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers 67b[T~92o
demanded skilled artisans. K4|{[YpPB
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized ufc_m
4PN
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct vkg."G:=
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. =k|hH~
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, 9xZ?}S:d
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is h"849c;C.
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never +`$[h2Z=:
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, -_xC,dwK
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished h 1`yW#%
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New ?[~)D}] j
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions vo3[)BDbT
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North ypA)G /;
American culture. ckg8x&Z
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands R`F8J}X_
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he }y
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fails to link their experience with the political development of the S&w(H'4N
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might AXOR<Ns`
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as cc|"^-j-7
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American 'RjMwJy{
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time i<]Y0_?s
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their AG==A&d>$
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that %G>|u/:U
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who 0-{l4;o
^FZ7)T
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. TPeBb8v8D
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iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) ^68BxYUoD\
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North xFcRp2W9R
America is supported by information in the text? 3ZKaqwK
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came `'^&*
7,
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring _Mis-K:]{?
land. Fo1|O&>
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were :/
yR
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. ;PrL)!
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at 1q[vNP=g&
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during W%k0_Y/5
the seventeenth century. rLm:qu(F1
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in ,UD,)ZPf[
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. E*t0ia8
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to bC mhlSNi
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political @$( /6]4p
interdependence of the colonies and England. sa71Vh{
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic =k(~PB^>
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. u/h!i@_w[
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of 2Rp'ju~O)/
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to 1Jx|0YmO
acquire land. o5N];Nj
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values \q8D7/q
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. >Tm|}\qEb
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s t*? CD.S
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? gr/o!NC
[A] It is totally implausible. |x AwiF_
[B] It is partially acceptable. h69
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[C] It is highly admirable. @lau?@$ja
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. 1MV\
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4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which U?6YY`A8
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? p,=:Ff}~
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture $rySz7NI
of England G~{xTpL
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have $FgpFxz;
generally been unrecognized by historians. Cl
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[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did @5%c P
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. <:u)C;
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high >a]4}
culture of New England. g#V3u=I8~
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which b&g9A{t
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work?
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[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North %<e\s6|P:
American culture. !}()mrIlP
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies tIb?23K0
on Great Britain. <