2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 \21!NPXH2
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第一篇 (f)QEho7
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call %]-tA,u
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol {S?.bT%&
poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was DD1S]m
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, %:NI@59
and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that 0:XmReO+k
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. u URf
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A J? C"be=
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of =_5-z|
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its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of p|zW2L
themselves and afraid of relationships. e.[h
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the C`fQ` RL\
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a
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growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on oZQu&
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most campuses. j*GYYEY
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be 7Xa
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explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged .mMM]*e[0
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has xT%CY(:9X
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the $(BW |Pc
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — [L:,A{rve
are the primary architects. oYW:ptJ
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining )gZ yW
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have qTG/7tn
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been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on e7-U0rrE
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a z&w@67
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vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that BV|LRB}G
they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. o]@?QAu
31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C O9bIo]B
[A] it is easy to be a college president nBR4j?':i
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight }}<^fM
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus G#UO>i0jy
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol O.i.<VD7
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × n}EH{k9#
正确答案为 C Q/I/>6M7UZ
[A] inspiration Pa+%H]vB
[B] stimulation "d%o%
[C] escape v#TU7v?~
[D] relaxation U<K)'l6#2n
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 =nGgk}Z
答案为 D ",Mr+;;:[
[A] artists \<TWy&2&
[B] experts y2KR^/LN|Y
[C] discoverers h:xvnyaI
[D] designers 0-6rIdDTM
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 c~SR@ZU
B K|]/BjB
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[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. 508v:?^'
[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. g=n{G@ *N
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. ]jjHIFX
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. {u~JR(C:
35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of 9(6f:D
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C
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[A] They can't read or write well. gamE^Ee
[B] They can hardly find a good job. XlLG/N
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. o, PpD,,
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes. {>g{+Eq
第二篇 $O
3.ex V
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little Q<0X80w>
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to V_zU?}lZ^
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark
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creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. G>=Fdt7Oc
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the rtNYX=P
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple sKCYGt$
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. DG?g~{Y~b
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for bFjH*~
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not-for-profit organizations. ,oykOda:|
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied I3HO><of
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in t W+"/<U
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their zZ6m`]{B9?
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be
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achieved in the absence of conflict. eR%\_;}7;
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that 4C/G &w&
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in (n`]
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their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for k@
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effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking ~m_{&,CA.
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial yts@cd`$
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial !(
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indicators. a*-9n-U@[k
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined !KMl'kswe:
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and Q,
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ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived E*O($tS
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. *?BY+0
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. TG[u3Y4
A) wrong rRg,{:;A
B) oversimplified R\|,GZ!`+
C) misleading ]XU4nNi
D) unclear |Fe[RGi+8
注:文章第一句 aX`uF<c9
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. ?TeozhUY
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict 'y\Je7
B) the real value of conflict +l^tT&s;f
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict ]Cj@",/3#
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict \o}T0YX
注:文章第二段 Ly&+m+Gwu
33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________. @QV0l]H0+
A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization H.\`(`6
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations \?;
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C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways :~ pGHl
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict KEtV
注:文章第三段 .ojEKu+EJ'
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. 9T;4aP>6j#
A) there is no end of conflict /kY9z~l
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged 5>I-? Ki
C) decisions must be justifiable 4d`YZNvZW/
D) success lies in general agreement uX*2Rs$s
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 d
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35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. *{3d+j/?/
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy \P*_zd@%
B) are free to express diverse opinions bZNqv-5 4h
C) are less effective in making decisions Z#Mm4(KNh
D) find it easier to reach agreement m,lZy#02s3
B C A D B ?qNU*d
第三篇 $AZYY\1
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During %"0, o$
their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at o/w3b8
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, au{)5W4~
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, SXk.7bMV6
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and x~V[}4E%>
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, _#u\ar
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much of which is said to be based on science. hx9{?3#
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become z:>cQUYl
functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well wXKtQ#o}
as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for =]%JTGdp(
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, |NuMDVd+s
tools, echoes, and rainbows. CRK%^3g
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It XOvJlaY)'.
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide 4j#y?^s
practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the J].Oxch&y
curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, %T({;/
language arts, music, or art! 4j={ 9e<
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific !Y ,7%
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and Az&>.*
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh P_(8+)ud-
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions X'`n>1z
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against mtmC,jnD
hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this O] @E8<?^
approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with WXy8
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the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, w"j>^#8
is needed. (293 words) W'C>Fn}lO?
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them wlXs/\es
will _____. N3%#JdzZ$
A. work in scientific research institutions \u,CixV=
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters $e\s8$EO
concerning science 76l. {TXF
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration =-r"@2HBq
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. I~&*^q6 |
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy H8eEBMGo
subject for them to learn 0z>IYw|UB
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar C
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with the process and spirit of science %p 6Ms
38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. k=s^-Eiu
A. practicing communication skills % !@E)%d0
B. studying geography p/{%%30ke
C. taking art courses ^T&{ORWz
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. fEBi'Ad
A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others .#&)%}GC
B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty y4kn2Mw;
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments bW`nLiw}%
D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the iHv+I~/
passage the writer seems to ______. _
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A. prove that science is a successful course in school b$@I(.X:
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school 6 wN*d 5
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict )7.)fY$
that children who learn science will be good scientists &
b (*
36-40 B A D D C