2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 pb2{J#
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第一篇 Pu\DYP:(
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call lWyP[>*
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol HTtGpTsF
poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was C&s }m0R
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, :+dWJNY:
and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that w2C!>fJ]1
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. !k??Kj
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A !y2h`ZAZ
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of 3TvhOC>yG
its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of &+w!'LSaD
themselves and afraid of relationships. U%PMV?L{
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the WSB|-Qj}W
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a I:>d@e/;
growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on yar IR|
most campuses. = {DB
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be )Jjw}}$}Y
explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged 89e.\EH
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has %fSk
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experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the eMd1%/[
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — j9fL0$+FI
are the primary architects. -a^sX%|Bl
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining xupdjT%4
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have W)P_t"'@L
been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on D)
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homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a S gsR;)2
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that E0x$;CG!
they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. /OtQk-E
31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C E|}Nj}(*
[A] it is easy to be a college president MZF ;k$R
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight ?\$/#zak
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus F(n))`(
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol zi 14]FWo
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × Z#V\[
正确答案为 C ~$obcW1
[A] inspiration Mj;'vm7#'
[B] stimulation
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[C] escape P@![P Ij
[D] relaxation W8rn8Rh
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 J4^cd
答案为 D %),O9*[9
[A] artists kpUU
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[B] experts 5gEWLLDp
[C] discoverers ~ZC=!|Q#
[D] designers ^%@.Vvz<
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 #ms98pw%5
B 1 niTkop
[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. J#WPXE+Ds
[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. ]TOY_K8"z#
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. l.)!jWY
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. r!uAofIi_
35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of (#Aq*2Z.
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C #pFybk
[A] They can't read or write well. %>z}P&Yz
[B] They can hardly find a good job. m%3Kq%?O
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. sl 5wX
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes. R[t[M}q
第二篇 NQD b;5:
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little _Pal)re]U
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to ,{at?y*
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark ;0E4S
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
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Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the Y8(yOVy9
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple 35T7g65;
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. kA0^~
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for h,g~J-x`|
not-for-profit organizations. w@We,FUJN
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied 2F(j=uV+
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in m|[Hhw=f
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their 3u<2~!sR
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be zx*f*L,6F
achieved in the absence of conflict. #oI`j
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Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that 8iRQPV-"_
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in Pc<ZfO #
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for }$ der
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking |HLh?AcX
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial 78wcMQNX9
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial s0SB!-Vjm
indicators. >e%Po,Fg$
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined X+iULr.^`~
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and p[
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ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived 9w1)Mf}
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. BKk*<WMD
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. xS'So7: h
A) wrong [}D)73h`
B) oversimplified {#MViBhd%
C) misleading iBCM?RiG
D) unclear 'CvZiW[_r
注:文章第一句 4b)xW&K{
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. Kmtr.]Nj
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict |zf||ju
B) the real value of conflict Y*6*;0Kx
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict n(L
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D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict O3Uu{'=0
注:文章第二段 F]&9Lp}
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33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________. ~vgW:]i
A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization V}( "8L
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations 5HB4B <2
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways ny}?+&K
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict @[^H*^1|g
注:文章第三段 8/=2N
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. wZ\0<skU
A) there is no end of conflict ixp %aRRP
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged )}EwEM
C) decisions must be justifiable hX^XtIC=
D) success lies in general agreement _*+M'3&=
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 tlW}lN}
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. SXhJz=h
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy |i|O9^*%
B) are free to express diverse opinions ;gF"o5/Q
C) are less effective in making decisions g3y44GCV
D) find it easier to reach agreement Q<M>+U;t
B C A D B ].$N@tC
第三篇 J[^-k!9M
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During \X(.%5xC
their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at U+\\#5$
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, a{y;Ub
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, ETmfy}V8
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and kw!! 5U;7
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, VlKWWQj
much of which is said to be based on science. wE'~Qj
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become ,Q^.SHP8
functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well . }^m8PP
as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for >1W)J3
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, Z5v\[i@H!
tools, echoes, and rainbows. emTqbO
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It Z/O5Dear/h
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide v&|o5om
practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the {>9
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curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, f`T#=6C4|
language arts, music, or art! |SCO9,Fs
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific wD4Kil=v
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and 1a`dB
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reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh 7V?TLGgd$
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions 67^?v)|
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against rQCj^=cf;~
hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this T-0fVTeN
approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with `C$.
the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, *{6{ZKM
is needed. (293 words) `5:b=^'D/
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them yHe%e1
will _____. saY":fva
A. work in scientific research institutions 4Y
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B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters 3,t3\`=
concerning science 8(]*J8/wt
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration ,#m:U5#h
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. P 9c!
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy BS!VAHO"V
subject for them to learn DxoW,GW
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar 9Zw{MM]
with the process and spirit of science it77x3Mm
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38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. v[57LB
A. practicing communication skills }LeizbU
B. studying geography P:KS*lOp
C. taking art courses
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D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. =S#9\W&