2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 ER]C;DYX
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第一篇 /KJWo0zo
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call eLN(NSPoS
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol rPW9lG
poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was c$hoqi |tD
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, c%n%
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and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that | qf8y
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. LrV4^{9(
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A FRE${~Xd
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of ~Oj-W6-+&,
its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of @(tiPV
themselves and afraid of relationships. 8\Z/mU*4
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the g5&,l
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a '-X913eG!
growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on oxqD/fY
most campuses. p7)b@,
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be QNm.8c$
explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged _{?/4ZhA\+
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has laFF/g;sRC
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the G Q+g.{c
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — m`ab5<%Gn
are the primary architects. |a Ht6F
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining !;C *Wsp}
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have 9ev"BO
been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on MU&P+Wr
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a $y*["~TJ
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that %g&i.2v
they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. S)\%.
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31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C 4q5bW+$Xj
[A] it is easy to be a college president `#~HCl
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight Dy@f21+
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus ojitBo~
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol L);kwx7{LW
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × q,a|lH
正确答案为 C #_bSWV4
[A] inspiration S)*eA
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[B] stimulation o5FBqt
[C] escape q|%(47}z
[D] relaxation GZ];U]_
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 ~l@SGHx
答案为 D c.PPVqx
[A] artists F+S;u=CKx
[B] experts %!HmtpS
[C] discoverers XoaB X2
[D] designers !f\y3p*j
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 0Kjm:x9T
B 9)QvJ87e@7
[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. ds4)Nk4%
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[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. 4+`<' t]Q
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. SL/ FMYdd
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. j%KLp4J/e
35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of fV_(P_C
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C ;ePmN|rq;
[A] They can't read or write well. dQt*/]{q
[B] They can hardly find a good job. XH0R
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[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. J+LFzl07q
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes. %
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第二篇 EpCUL@+
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little SN'LUwaMp!
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to l\*}
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark R)#D{/#FW
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. H>`?S{J
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the c`y[V6q9
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple N@^?J@#V
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. ]RQQg,|D
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for #T n~hnW
not-for-profit organizations. VzMoWD;
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied 'UT 4x9&z
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in ^^%sPtp
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their VD.p"F(]
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be X{ZBS^M
achieved in the absence of conflict. QKbX^C
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that
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conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in ][6$$Lz
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for \A5cM\-
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking H4 &
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organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial >&aFSL,f
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial IX^k<Jqr
indicators. lb&tAl"D
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined l0u6nGkh
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and L;5jhVy
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived Uz\B^"i|
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. QM9~O#rL
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. OcMd'fwO
A) wrong b2H!{a"
B) oversimplified Y+V*$73`
C) misleading <h
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D) unclear Nj.(iBmr
注:文章第一句 ]<4Yor}t{;
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. usR19 _E-
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict av gGz8
B) the real value of conflict X!CLOHVAa
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict \h :Rw|
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict xp1
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注:文章第二段 -t?S:9[w
33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________. ^Cyx"s't
A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization 2#*Bw=
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations 0[T!}F^%e
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways @*q\$Eg}2
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict E`iT>+LG
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注:文章第三段 eOD;@4lR
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. QXq~e
A) there is no end of conflict Q2^}NQO=
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged 3l`yy])t
C) decisions must be justifiable ~{Tus.jk
D) success lies in general agreement zEF3B
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 0d`s(b54;O
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. %9-).k
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy >efYpd#^
B) are free to express diverse opinions i <bFF03*S
C) are less effective in making decisions &]pW##
D) find it easier to reach agreement @XDU!<N
B C A D B R7x4v
第三篇 g}$]K!F
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During bW3e*O$V
their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at )f(#Fn
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, 4rwfY<G
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, I@+dE V`Lf
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and S=krF yFw
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, X
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much of which is said to be based on science. F{]dq/{
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become /ta-jOcRH&
functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well F FR_1Vf
as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for -g;iMqh#
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, JT[|l-\zo
tools, echoes, and rainbows. i?qS8h{
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It Gow_a'
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide s7(mNpo
practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the _D$|l
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curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, 9N5&N3
language arts, music, or art! r$=iM:kERC
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific IZi1N
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and fk#SD "iJ
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh TN.mNl%
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions eMPi ho
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against p r(:99~3
hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this K> lA6i7?
approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with -+Kx^V#'R
the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, "sUL"i
is needed. (293 words) }/SbmW8(1
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them ~>k<I:BtrT
will _____. XcR2]\
A. work in scientific research institutions GBHv| GO
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters +a"MSPC4w
concerning science QyJ}zwD
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration ['tGc{4
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. "n}J6
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy rs]%`"&=
subject for them to learn #[qmhU{s
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar !L2R0Y:a
with the process and spirit of science l"f.eo0@7
38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. Y]Vt&*{JV
A. practicing communication skills UP58Cln*
B. studying geography =XzrmPu
C. taking art courses K#%L6=t$<
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. W.r0W2))(
A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others eY-W5TgU
B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty &-:ZM0Fl
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments blpX_N
D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the T4]/w|?G
passage the writer seems to ______. hxP%m4xF +
A. prove that science is a successful course in school }rj.N98
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school Pv17wUB
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict Aq yR+
that children who learn science will be good scientists !TA6- ]1
36-40 B A D D C