时态语态和语气的使用错误 f{MXH&d 1\
1. 时态错误。 主要是指在一个句子中，出现不同的时态，从而造成时态不一致，如： He can’t remember what he once knows. %Ez=
$ ,Y\
2. 语态错误。 在 cet6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。不及物动词不能带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account. @T [}] e
oG~a`9N%C
3. 虚拟语态错误。 此类使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主语和从句的语气不协调，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词 suggest 之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“ is ”应该 “ be ”或“ should be ”。类似的动词还有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。 >utm\!Gac
D_ er(
下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： Tl"GOpH\]
5:v "^"S z
\g & P5
,?g}- >ZB
例 1 0.C[/ u[
AX3iB1):K
These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________ kSj,Pl \NC
7(c7-
together to hold parties. T pXbJ]o9
{"hX_t
5Y77g[AX2-
" cSH[/
由于前面的时态已经限制为过去时，而且 came 和 meet 是并列结构，两者时态应该保持一致，因此应该将 meet 改为 met ，或者将 came 改为 come ，具体情况依据上下文的语境时态而定。 9>,$q"M }?
MNd8#01 q`
+Y;/10p
=_~bSEqyRI
例 2 sk* AlSlM
]M%kt +u!
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding 2MS-e}mi
$M%<i~VXe&
which products to emphasize now, which to develop ZH6#(;b
O*%
1
for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ \/=w \Tj
]6JI((
[!Uzw 2
v&}+ p s_W
本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 m"3gTqG
|ci1P[y
~J #^L
*
q u>5 rg -
例 3 )X-~+X91 S
eYSVAj
In the first place, the scientist at once put some xnz(hz6
)1de<# qM
kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________ kC : pal
^)-* Ubzz
securely obtained. "`A@_;At`
(jQ]<q%P
`b XP
)$
d:|(l^]{r
根据句子意思可知，此处的 liquid 不可能为动作的发生者，显然此处应该是被动语态，故应该将 has 改为 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已经安全获得的液体”。 TF0D QP
X MkyX&y
m5 Q?g8
{/Mz /|%
例 4 kd0~@rPL
>LqW;/&S<
Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________ ]{2Eo
ZmT
N
the truth. ^Ob#B!=
|j i={
bKAR}JM&
c5KJ_Nfi
根据句子意思可知，这句话是说如果他们昨天去了就会发现事实真相，然而他们并未去，此处是虚拟语气，因此应该使用虚拟语气的格式，将 Did 改为 Had 。 <OYy ;s
4KO2oIR
练习题 Kr;7~`$[
& DUt`Dr w
d5b \kR r
I $5*Puy#
1 These small households were portraits of vbol 70
CO+[iJ,4C+
independence: the entire family, mother, father, ,F4 _ps?(
_b ~XBn
children, even grandparents live in a small house 'Dh+v3O
xK
o l
and working together to support each other. 1.__________ h[Hn*g
83^|
a5
;,z[|"y
+N~?_5lv\s
2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke o*d+W7l
#fF~6wopV
to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________ O @n1E'S/
5)}3C_pmW
discovery. X={n9*Sd8
c(]NpH
i
n
btQD G
]w)*8
w.)
3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage, Hg~O0p}[
. q=sC?D
Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________ K1vm
[Ne
_~^JRC[q
named after him--- he forerunners of modern Q t!X<.
%B;e 7
UJ
X-rays. > @Ux8 #
O{sb{kk
(x.O]8GKP
W6b5elH@
4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University |"7^9(
D"5u N0Z
of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she F]#rH
H*l2, 0&W
demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________ Anpx%NVo
J9tQ@3{f
secretary said that science was not a thing in which dkz79G}e
{V> >a
women can meddle. uC _&?
%&c+} m
Ol }^'7H
H a U6`IP
5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________ 7?@s.Sz|fV
Z3ucJH/)V
jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. EF7Y 4lp
V b=Oz
0;*1g 47\
e i L
;
6 Many people who live in London think that life in XO*|P\#^
rt\i@}
a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________ xMk0Xf'_
kIHfLwh9N
H_RVGAb U
*c\:ogd
7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________ cx]&ae *
vOb=>
the last sixty years would have seemed impossible 'USol<
=WaZy>n}7
to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of GqFDN],Wp
UjNe0jt% s
the 19th century. <NV
[8B#k]
eq0&8/=
;\N{z6
[25[c><:w"
8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should s~ZLnEb
}Y/uU"t
have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________ &E0d{ 2
KrcL *j&^
3 h:"-{MW.
|s f &t
9 No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________ 9,7IsT8
XBd/,:q
in full at one time. =!rdn#K H
|9YY8oT.
[LDV*79Z
DnbT<oEL
10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________ ('H[[YODh
E$ B7E@(U
over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region `Sh#>
Jp
jH+ddBVA
of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians. gi26Dtk(h
V6opV&
<m;idfn
答案： gIGyY7{(s8
1. working→work。此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭独立的掠影，而后半句解释到这些小家庭的成员生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，应该用一般现在时，和live保持一致。 U^ bF}4m
e^;<T9Esr
V1[Cc?o
L>4!@L5)
2. are→were。 2
~yYwX
: ,0F_["3
0)@7$Xhf
fk*$} f
3. are→were。 ;5i~McH#
t
An cka
o75Hi
t
N0]C?+
4. allow前加be。“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允许作……”的意思。 ,C4gA(')K
df o_R
=f
FTi1]/h
3&3 9 M&
5. offered前加be。“offer”是及物动词，后面应该接双宾语结构，即“offer sb. sth.”而在该句中缺少成分而只有宾语补主语，应该将其改为被动语态，即“be offered sth.” y(^hlX6gQ
b SK> p3
2u B
66i
Xs,[Z2_iq
6. offered→offers。 %jS#DVxBR
vdhwFp~Y
nnw5
!q_
Bu%TTbnz_G
7. taken前加have。 P~6Q R
m
DK \Ud6w
$|0?$U7 !
HB/q
v IzB
8. plan→planned。 ~s$
jiA1
oU\Q|mN(
do-mkvk
/o/0 9K
9. kept→keep。 :)djHPP*
!623;
D 'nO
wZAY0@pA
10. carry→carrying。
