时态语态和语气的使用错误 ?&;d#z*4
1. 时态错误。 主要是指在一个句子中，出现不同的时态，从而造成时态不一致，如： He can’t remember what he once knows. 8|^dM $
T'\B17
:*
2. 语态错误。 在 cet6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。不及物动词不能带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account. h/~:}Bof
/~3~Xc ~=p
3. 虚拟语态错误。 此类使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主语和从句的语气不协调，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词 suggest 之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“ is ”应该 “ be ”或“ should be ”。类似的动词还有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。 = | >CB
-
s[ =$pDU
下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： 5\93-e
)"k>}&'
~3byAL
L9tjH C]
例 1 H.-jBFt}
KHwzQ<Z3
These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________ i0F.c\
\#4??@+Xf
together to hold parties. \zj _6Os
V
]b1cDx{
gcYx-gA}
TDI8L\rr
由于前面的时态已经限制为过去时，而且 came 和 meet 是并列结构，两者时态应该保持一致，因此应该将 meet 改为 met ，或者将 came 改为 come ，具体情况依据上下文的语境时态而定。 89@\AjI
4d&#NP
%bI(
8r
'
例 2 M99#\0=/
KT n,}7vZ
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding ~;St,Fw<<
nb(4"|8}
which products to emphasize now, which to develop b *IJ +
/CpUq;^
for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ b i^ h &H
vQrc e&
Z=%+U _,
l@` D;m
本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 A^7!:^%K
o?\)!_Z|
s
vn[c*
0P`wh=")
例 3 ~XGO^P"?
Z4FyuWc3
In the first place, the scientist at once put some fs4pAB #F
n<MMO=+bg
kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________ .d`+#1Ot(
f uojf+i
securely obtained. r` u}n
3{_A zL
!f_GR P j'
M<JJQh5
根据句子意思可知，此处的 liquid 不可能为动作的发生者，显然此处应该是被动语态，故应该将 has 改为 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已经安全获得的液体”。 PJj{5,#@3
Ab7hW(/
EQPZV
K/
S CeZt [
例 4 ANSv ZqKh
^&<~6y}U^
Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________ (ohkM`83k
43 rM?_72
the truth. zF /}s_><*
Y0BvN `E
R7*Jb-;$!
A{h
hnrr8
根据句子意思可知，这句话是说如果他们昨天去了就会发现事实真相，然而他们并未去，此处是虚拟语气，因此应该使用虚拟语气的格式，将 Did 改为 Had 。 ~ C5iyXR
X[ k-J\
练习题 m6V1m0M
[ e)81yZG>
D
,xWc|V
v,vTRrpK
1 These small households were portraits of 567ot|cc
7^sU/ 3z
independence: the entire family, mother, father, ,2JqX>On>Y
qq-&z 6;$
children, even grandparents live in a small house q^sMJ
9?D7"P+
and working together to support each other. 1.__________ X1<)B]y
JmNeqpbB`w
qIjC
-#a=m
W3UK[_qK
2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke xHsH .f _{
w2]1ftY
to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________ x(}t r27o
/
l(:H
discovery. R5]R
pW=G
5B'-&.Aj+
6FEtq,;0w
2IjqT L
3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage,
^ Jnp\o>
3 tXtt@Yy
Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________ f~Kl
n^
zN5i}U=|r
named after him--- he forerunners of modern fvit+
S \0" G*
X-rays. yr sP'th
$,i:#KT`
D VSYH{U4
r }hj,Sq'
4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University tm]75*?
Tr@`ozp8
of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she I*lq0&
P\2QH@p@t
demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________ 0A 4(RLG g
d
Dpe$N
secretary said that science was not a thing in which ) .tZMLM/-
;7m>40W
women can meddle. WO)K*c1F
%{}Jr`
(Mtc&+n{
o.Cj+`0} 5
5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________ mD )Nh
iicrRGp3
jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. (9cIU2e
q>Q|:g&:
QT |m N
|Cen5s
W&
6 Many people who live in London think that life in
N}dJ)<(2~
8AefgjE
a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________ S>"d UM
0 \h2&
}XXE
hO
O
c3
wu&*p{
7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________ G4RsH/
<= 7p~
i5
the last sixty years would have seemed impossible \ \/X+4|o'
SU#|&_wtr!
to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of #Kh`ATme
}F3Z~
the 19th century. /NkZ;<uxJ
Jz|(B_U
DX!$k[
QU#/(N(U#T
8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should lO ) B/N&
=k8A7P
have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________ 3 (}?f
CjST* (,b
_ Po9pZ
' 5Ieqpm9
9 No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________ zCQv:.0L
e U12*(
in full at one time. -5qO}^i$a
xz%ig^L
z7K?rgH
D H.ljGb
10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________ F-R`'{ ka
P *LcWrK
over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region 'Oc8[8
$K iMu
of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians. 4v!@9.! vQ
BNByaC
DTJ
答案： ZHBwoC#5}
1. working→work。此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭独立的掠影，而后半句解释到这些小家庭的成员生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，应该用一般现在时，和live保持一致。
V|D;7
K1hw' AaQ
s ,}<5N]U
.d fTv/n
2. are→were。 G'epsD,.bX
u1"e+4f
l&rDa=m.J
CxRp$;rk
3. are→were。 0{ ,zE
y >OZ<!`
^Y&Cm.w
.$yw;go3
4. allow前加be。“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允许作……”的意思。 J!H5{7.efN
Z 0:2x(x9
=.%ZF]Oe+#
~;+vF-]R
5. offered前加be。“offer”是及物动词，后面应该接双宾语结构，即“offer sb. sth.”而在该句中缺少成分而只有宾语补主语，应该将其改为被动语态，即“be offered sth.” 2 9]8[Z,4
X=hgLK^3<,
4A&e+kz&:R
.~8+s .y
6. offered→offers。 4"2/"D0
0
mQ3P.9
] UI+6}r
b[k 1)R"
7. taken前加have。 oD7H6\ _
10rGA=x'(
16y$ ;kf8
gh}AD1TN]
8. plan→planned。 7`/qL "
{XX Nl)%
9vTQ^*b m
TxvPfU?
9. kept→keep。 ,OCT m%6e
nnNg^<[k3
T/;hIX:R
48Lmy<}*
10. carry→carrying。
