时态语态和语气的使用错误 x_9#:_S'
1. 时态错误。 主要是指在一个句子中，出现不同的时态，从而造成时态不一致，如： He can’t remember what he once knows. `4e| I.`^r
!}5+hj!6
2. 语态错误。 在 cet6 综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。不及物动词不能带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。如： She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account. <?:h(IZe[
cG (%P$
3. 虚拟语态错误。 此类使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主语和从句的语气不协调，如： We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词 suggest 之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“ is ”应该 “ be ”或“ should be ”。类似的动词还有 demand ， insist ， order 等等。 N'PK4:
1d$wP$
下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： );?tGX
wc#k@"2AZb
$h}w: AV:
Xjm
AM/H4
例 1 JEK _W<BD
wv=U[:Y
These newly wedded couples usually came here and meet 1.__________ 7 #N
?{3i
DH bS=Iih
together to hold parties. Js.G
hTs
/`t}5U>S_
:H#D4O8UiH
X5-[v(/]
由于前面的时态已经限制为过去时，而且 came 和 meet 是并列结构，两者时态应该保持一致，因此应该将 meet 改为 met ，或者将 came 改为 come ，具体情况依据上下文的语境时态而定。 +U>Y.Y P
F6\4[B
2IP<6 l8N
MwL!2r
例 2 %s ;5
\?|^w.
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding q"WfKz!U
wod(P73?
which products to emphasize now, which to develop 5g;mc.Cvt
uc\G)BN
for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ r
l2(DA{
mnw(x#%P
gc
b8eB ,
p^
Z|$ aZZ
本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now ， which to develop for the future 和 which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 JUJrtK S
%|ioNXMu
MlLM
$Y-@
=B`=f,,#3
例 3 T hVq5
%`s1
Ocvp
In the first place, the scientist at once put some Zrew}0
<p?oFD_e4
kind of material into the liquid which has already 1.__________ p
S|
.3 SP# mI
securely obtained. dZddo z_
LaL{
^wP
8M]QDgd.
t y@D3l
根据句子意思可知，此处的 liquid 不可能为动作的发生者，显然此处应该是被动语态，故应该将 has 改为 is 或者在 has 后加 been 均可，意思是指“已经安全获得的液体”。 m!(dk
]
:3b\ pEO9\
6aWNLJ
@
TXbi>t:/S{
例 4 Y~I0\8s
-
w;kiH+&
Did they gone there yesterday, they would have discovered 1.__________ K]^Jl0
s -F3(mc(
the truth. M?DXCsZ,)s
A>)W6|m|
++!0r['+ >
R0nUS<b0
根据句子意思可知，这句话是说如果他们昨天去了就会发现事实真相，然而他们并未去，此处是虚拟语气，因此应该使用虚拟语气的格式，将 Did 改为 Had 。 mAe)Hy %
y+7A?"s)
练习题 Hx9lQ8
" "CNw-^t
]XWtw21I1
z:08;}t
1 These small households were portraits of o KY0e&5
7+$P6[*
independence: the entire family, mother, father, #* 8^ar<
Gd|jE
children, even grandparents live in a small house ko~e*31_E
i}C%`1+(
and working together to support each other. 1.__________ ~S0T+4$
?~;
q r
Ft @ZK!'@
* [b ~2
2 In the meantime the unscientific world awoke |W SvAM3
~b 9fk)z!
to the fact that scientists are on the track of a great 2.__________ }jL4F$wC
n&E
/{o(
discovery. Jx8DVjy
V|;os
%vU *4mH
l R^W*w4y
3 For in 1895, the year of the Curie marriage, #o(@S{(NZ
::Pf\Lb>
Roentgen discovered the famous rays that are 3.__________ 02po;
W\z <p P
named after him--- he forerunners of modern .1[pO_
r
m dG"s
X-rays. )umW-A
-raZ6?Zjc
<##aD3)
9<*<-x{A17
4 Mary hoped at one time to study at the University w%kaM=
iBqIV
of Cracow, then under Austrian rule. But when she RH;Kbu
=5M
'+>
demanded to allowed to attend science lectures, the 4.__________ N<|-b0#Z6
'h{DjNSM
secretary said that science was not a thing in which xf8.PqVNo
cONfHl{
women can meddle. bt?)ryu
,+RoJwi m
A|P
`\_
V;]U ]
5 Many part-time stu dents expected to offered some 5.__________ 6 bt{j
Z/I`XPmk
jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. K?mly $
Rj,M|9Y )o
iTeFy -Ct
bl;v^
HR0)
6 Many people who live in London think that life in )h K1W\5
}i2d
XC/
a large city offered special advantages. 6.__________ O; <YLS^|6
eR5 +1b
WWWfQ_u2
0q D.OF)8
7 The changes that taken place in air travel during 7.__________ ^b(> Bg )T
c9;oB|8|
the last sixty years would have seemed impossible .A Z+|?d
\{`*`WQF
to even the most Brilliant scientists at the turn of g]. hL
bLyG3~P;0
the 19th century. M;qV%
k
)ur&Mnmm
6 4qQ:D7C
S~ 3|
8 I regret having left the work unfinished, I should VR0#"
o M#S.
f?
have plan every thing ahead carefully. 8.__________ V/7?]?!xu
$U/_ 8^6B0
b(H) 8#C
yw)Zt g)
9 No bank kept enough cash to pay all its depositors 9.__________ ;M Z@2CO
r#[YBaCZJ
in full at one time. wY j~ (P"
F
/:2+
k|}S K9
> ak53Ij$
10 The Conestoga wagon, used for carry heavy loads 10.__________ D`^9
u
K
O(E- ox~q
over long distances, originated around 1725 in a region W=~H_ L?/
XOy#? X/`
of Pennsylvania occupied by Conestoga Indians. oos35xV .
{L8 (5
6gfdXVN5
答案： 'HV}Tr
1. working→work。此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭独立的掠影，而后半句解释到这些小家庭的成员生活在一起、工作在一起的情景，应该用一般现在时，和live保持一致。 c};Qr@vpo
J ZQ$
*K
lA< IcW
z
{J1pH_X
2. are→were。 '4A8\&lQO
| JL47FR
iV71t17
{hM*h(W~3
3. are→were。 3;`93TO{
g5t o0
c" J(? 1O
b`K~l'8
4. allow前加be。“be allowed to do sth.”是“被允许作……”的意思。 z@ A5t4+3
9=I(AYG{m
l(zkMR$b8
FO}4~_W{
5. offered前加be。“offer”是及物动词，后面应该接双宾语结构，即“offer sb. sth.”而在该句中缺少成分而只有宾语补主语，应该将其改为被动语态，即“be offered sth.” ki^[~JS>'
(vjQF$Hp
W^&t8d2
cVn7 jxf
6. offered→offers。 Y@u
{73H
#D+Fq^="P
+.\JYH=yEr
aM.l+D P
7. taken前加have。 4 '9h^C&
_z m<[0(
qm]ljut
K{>O. 5
8. plan→planned。 3 [aJ=5
a/^Yg rC\T
o
ohf))
#0Oqw =F
9. kept→keep。 ^#^ u90I
S% xGXmZ
zLX tj -
u{p\8v%7
10. carry→carrying。
