2018考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 p+x}$&<|
英语构词法主要有以下五种: @M( hyS&on
派生法 Derivation ^.3(o{g
转化法 Conversion wFbw3>'a9
合成法 Compounding F:$*0!
拼缀法 Blending e^!>W %.7Z
首字母缩略法 Acronymizing aI. 5w9
1. 派生法 Derivation .)(5F45Wg
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 r0^ *|+
例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant ,I|3.4z
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. kB#;s
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc. r..&6-%:N
由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: . E8Gj'yO
E-currency电子货币 s2=`haYu
E-paper 电子报 >DM^/EAG{
cyberculture 网络文化 ^7Z#g0{^w
hyperterminal 超级终端的 .n\j<Kq
2. 转化法 Conversion Wf!u?nH.5
转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 %ztv.K(8
例如: <nvzNXql
Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. 5M v<8
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例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 [AHoTlPZ
3. 合成法 Compounding @|2sF
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: 4`Ib wg6"B
blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆)
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如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: \"7U,y',
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc. /1BqC3]tL
4. 拼綴法 Blending %n{ue9
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 _uL8TC^
例如: bZ SaL^^(
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) 230ijq3YG
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 +/>XOY|Ie
autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 o_C]O"
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 Uz_OUTFM
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 2cQG2N2*
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 2n3!pZ8
workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 PfN[)s4F{R
netizen = net+citizen 网民 cGM?r}zJ
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 /l` "
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telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 m;cgX#k5
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 &BxZ}JH=k
5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing cU_:l.b
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 @5j3[e
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 [:M Fx6
A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 LI9
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ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 \C kb:
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 +>QD4z#
CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 P
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GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 Rm[{^V.Z$
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 xM:9XhH1
GP: general practitioner 全科医生 gaU(ebsE
GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 (mgv:<c;BA
GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 7|DPevrk
HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 -5y=K40
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 i#I7ncX
WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 '3]M1EP