改错题常考要点 @TPgA(5NR
一、代词 ;@YF}%!+W
代词中主要讲解六个问题 Fif^V
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 2G}7R5``9
主格、宾格、所有格
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名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) |U$de2LF
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(二) 反身代词 &c?hJ8"
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 | ]!Ky[P
He killed himself. (他自杀了) &Bz7fKCo
He killed him. (他杀了他) [gh[F
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating
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a series of indicators that could help 1s}NQ3
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themselves to predict earthquakes. zhX`~){N6
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 3
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Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 U_}A{bFG
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 ss0'GfP
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 bDFCZH-:'O
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies 7tfivIj)e
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the A M1C
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Pacific. $nf
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 :<t{ =0G
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 H7yg9zFT
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Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: b,rH&+2H
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 "'F;lzq
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined I| W'n-4Y
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the word“normalcy”to express social and `dgM|.w5=
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economic conditions they promised the nation. 0E?s>-b
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 0HHui7Yy>
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important j Ne(w<',P
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John |-(IJG#)
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Keats, published the year of her death. Sg. +`xww3
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. t_I\P.aMA
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(四) Who和which的区别 $5TepH0D
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 SUH mBo"}
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who LbJtpwz>z
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. QP6z?j.
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 le7
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人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 eecw]P_?
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(五) that和which的区别 ''#p47$8<d
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 c%|vUAq
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it UF@IBb}0
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. \\=.6cg<K
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 +"]oc{W!
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 :e1'o
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, wA?@v|,dZ
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when !8.En8Z<D-
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. 4\p$4Hs}
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which BjM+0[HC
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly )T>8XCL\}
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. _ 1
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 m7JPH7P@BM
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has d-~vR(tU
affected the way people in the United States----. ;t}'X[U
(A) living and working brntE:
(B) they live and work Zp`~}LV{
(C) live and work ASR-a't6
(D) to live and to work *xPB<v2N:P
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 im=5{PbJ^
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二、介词 J==}QEhQ{
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 z
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(一) 介词搭配 kfXS_\@iW1
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those Mq@}snp"S
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. Twx{' S
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 >PIPp7C
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. bo1I&I