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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 8:TN,p  
4DaLmQ2O  
考点一 最高级的形式 jIaAx_  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: t3 2 FNg  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ?zM]p"M  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive ' 1_CMr  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. gDa}8!+i  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most.  v=R=K  
例题: %7 7v'Pz1  
(1) <k+dJ=f  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular Q$^oIFb  
    A                          B SvLI%>B=9  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 4}E|CD/pZ  
 C          D ' @i0~  
答案:A Zn0e#n  
应改为:easiest. pyJY]"UHVE  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 uxLT*,  
二、没有等级的形容词 wVX]"o  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 0A9llE  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: %38HGjS  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 B|XrjI?  
例题: jwhc;y  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 1k"< T7K  
(A) most unique ?gD^K,A Hd  
(B) unique blyU5 3g  
(C) least unique @ >_v/U'  
(D)very unique Wg{ 9X#|  
答案: B 1seWR"  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 +guCTGD:  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: pY.R?\  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant hNU$a?eVpR  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: %[S-"k  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience u-</G-y  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 R|D%1@i]  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. R` g'WaDk  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. , L_u X  
例题: Z=R 6?jU*n  
(1) At<D36,^"  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 2P, %}Ms  
  A  B         C              D g79zzi-  
答案: D /aV;EkyO,  
应改为: form the largest S$N!Dj@e;  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the LO;7NK  
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考点三 范围词 <#nt?X n  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 $ U=j<^R}a  
例题: l4bL N  
(1) +-r ~-bs  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to 9 1.gE*D  
            A            B        6%^A6 U  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. V1#:[o63+  
         C    D m)l'i!Y  
答案:C -{XDQ{z<%  
应改为:longest. Y{d-k1?s5  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 v#|yr<  
考点四 most的其他用法 K+\2cf?bU  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: T@jv0/(+  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 6$)FQ U  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes;  "F=ta  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists WES$B7y  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: RkZyqt @+  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal %p:Z(zU  
例题: WF_ v>g:g  
(1) x7xMSy  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ?bAv{1dvT=  
   A        B   C     D m[CyvcF*u  
答案:A d#H lO}  
应改为:Most .ah[!O  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. _+j#.o>  
(2) i}e/!IVR3  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 1N[9\Yi  
   A       B              C LJ6L#es2  
 of other cereal plants. lc3N i<3v  
  D 6zi 5#23  
答案:A d}y ")q|F  
应改为:most. OdpHF~(Y/  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 N!fjN >cw  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 |c>.xt~  
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the end. j#U,zsv:  
第三章 副词 gA`QV''/:  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 I$R1#s  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 q6ZewuV.  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 %LM6=nt  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 ~%2yDhdQ  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 =~"X/ >'  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) eY-h<K)y  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) E%( s=YhW  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 0@[*~H0{n  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 =av0a !  
例题: 2;j<{'  
(1) ?"^{:~\N  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the l p(D@FT  
             A        B    C ?68~g<d,  
 1870's or thereabouts. ZyDNtX%  
      D C\joDAD  
答案:C OrYN-A4{  
应改为:commercially xticC>  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 f,F1k9-1!  
(2) 1C<d^D_!p  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. / Y od  
(A) facially w@&z0ODJ  
(B) their faces S0Io$\ha  
(C) having facial >~Xe` }'  
(D) they had faces Ov<c1y;f  
答案:A y631;dU  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 2m]4  
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第二节 程度副词much等 }^0'IAXi  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. AT+ l%%   
She's not a bit more rational than you were. j6EF0/_|e  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 X'<RqvDc5  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; $ZGup"z)  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, xEu rkR  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; qR!ZtJ5j  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) M9A1 8d|  
例题: Z^2SG_pD  
(1) %hN>o )  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. wW p7N  
   A    B   C    D MKvmzLh$)  
答案:C =WUL%MfW  
应改为:much faster fMFkA(Of^  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much jvsSP?]n  
(2) ]o]`X$n  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 5I2 h(Td  
        A                 B v~Dobk/n  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. ;"0bVs`.^e  
          C     D I+;e#v,%U  
答案:B "lu^  
应改为:more. PvV\b<Pe+  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant #K:iB*  
(3) Yb 5@W/'  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals ?m2FN< S  
         A          B      C Mn/  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. { 'A 15  
            D {$[0YRNk u  
考点:程度副词 %A~. NNbS  
答案:D Gdb0e]Vt+  
应改为:still more ]kmAN65c  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, "?6*W"N9  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 *vRHF1)L  
(4) 3{co.+  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a .O0eSp|e  
        A      B          C      D ~I> |f  
swan's.  .aa7*e  
考点:程度副词 N)E'k%?,  
答案:A U= n  
应改为:little uv$5MwKU  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little CpN*1s})d  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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