第三节 最高级 ?]AF?
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考点一 最高级的形式 ;Zy[2M
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: qN"Q3mU^h*
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; YctWSfh
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive
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少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. EvKzpxCh
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. FTQNS8
例题: N`HiNb
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(1) jc
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The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular |Zk2]eUO+
A B sR4B/1'E
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 6Vj=SYK
C D bs&>QsI?j
答案:A agkGUK/
应改为:easiest. p/U{*i]t
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 4D}hYk$eP0
二、没有等级的形容词 !<3!ORFO
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 X`fb\}~R(
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ^D76_'{
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 al" =ld(
例题: D&{CC
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. {e5DQ 21.
(A) most unique [DZ
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(B) unique #U(kK(uO
(C) least unique EsS$th)d
(D)very unique !
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答案: B ?>Ngsp>-P
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 ed2r<H$
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: S Rk%BJ? ~
the most important thing, the biggest elephant ,{; *b
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但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: O0FUJGuTS
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ]q~bi<E9W
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 $A`m8?bY
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 1F_$[iIX]
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. ~yt 7L,OQ
例题: fwvwmZW
(1) L6ap|u
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. zn>+\
A B C D e=nvm'[h
答案: D Mg2 e0}{
应改为: form the largest Rx.v/H
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the `yP`5a/
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考点三 范围词 *`rfD*
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 J&s$Wqf
例题: d]Y;rqjue
(1) lKB9n}P
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to >[Wjzg
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ,l6,k<
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答案:C w|6/ i/X
应改为:longest. P1Z"}Qw
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 xnt) 1Q
考点四 most的其他用法 n|{#5#
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: N[e,%heR
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: tj'~RQvO
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 1C8xJ 6F
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 0F@ ~[W|2
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: _FYA? d}
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal mf3,V|>[\
例题: u\Ylo.)b
(1)
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The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ZX` \so,&,
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答案:A 0-S.G38{
应改为:Most P,ueLG=
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. m~5 unB9
(2) a1~|?PCbY
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds } Xo#/9
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of other cereal plants. 2+rT .GFc
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答案:A m2\\!C]f
应改为:most. &liON1GLM
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 `P;r[j"
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 ywAvqT,
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the end. iHG
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第三章 副词 {&,p<5o
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 +PjTT
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副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 iz# R)EB/g
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 ZLT?G
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第一节 副词修饰动词 dn#I,xa`
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 fWmc$r5n](
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ksv]
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) $Y|OGZH8E
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) !FL"L
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改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 e"t0 rScA
例题: LS[o7 !T(
(1) JD$g%hcVZa
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the GQtNk<?$I
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1870's or thereabouts. idYB.]Y(
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答案:C XGB\rfvS
应改为:commercially -Q n-w
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解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 Y)1/fEM
(2) !zX()V
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. I_r@Y:5{
(A) facially s(=wG|
(B) their faces l
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(C) having facial SboHo({5VA
(D) they had faces c<_%KL&R
答案:A L
BbST!
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 Iq+N0G<j
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第二节 程度副词much等 eN=jWUoCh
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. cU6*y!}9
She's not a bit more rational than you were. I\Op/`_=E
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级
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比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; )=5&Q
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, >&(#p@#
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; >jI.$%L$
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) sy"}25s
例题: MKBDWLCB
(1) JXc.?{LL
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. fp [gKRSF
A B C D "/'3I/}
答案:C y#GHmHeh
应改为:much faster I\mF dE
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much KwL_ae6fV
(2) h1_Z&VJ
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm al2lC#Sy
A B ZwUBeyxS=c
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. :{%[6lE^G
C D kOydh(yE
答案:B >5FTBe[D
应改为:more. ~Gfytn9x.;
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant hZJ~zx~
(3) .iy4
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Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals cB uuq
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oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Z}S[fN8
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考点:程度副词 t{>K).'
答案:D EVPQe-
应改为:still more `58% &3lp
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前,
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词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 ,`H
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(4) 2d.$V,U<
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a z x-[@G
A B C D 30sJ"hF9
swan's. NVMn7H}>
考点:程度副词 uRb48Qy2
答案:A L3%frIUd
应改为:little &Sd5]r@+
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little W:i Q&[f
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅