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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 plca`  
Wl1%BN0>  
考点一 最高级的形式 W];4P=/  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: u{si  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; {d) +a$qj  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive (+_Amw!W  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. >q`G?9d2  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. DpA)Z ??  
例题: BQm H9g|2  
(1) M$w^g8F27H  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular [hs{{II  
    A                          B e|`&K"fnq  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ~q<U E\H  
 C          D ^CX~>j\(  
答案:A IuPwFf)  
应改为:easiest. es.`:^A  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 L|v1=qNH4  
二、没有等级的形容词 7.]ZD`"Bb  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 x; ujR<  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: t&ngOF  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 <#:"vnm$j  
例题: WO]dWO6Mm  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. Hf#/o{=~}  
(A) most unique FX\ -Y$K  
(B) unique c" yf>0  
(C) least unique DI+kO(S  
(D)very unique vQztD _bX%  
答案: B \ ddbqg?`  
w+P bT6;  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 --y .q~d  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 8eL[ ,uw  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant V+_L9  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: [&6l=a  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience  Q9{%  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 Rom|Bqo;  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. Aqq%HgY:t  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. jRzR`>5  
例题: ?$9C[Kw`  
(1) aHS.U^2  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. u[y>DPPx  
  A  B         C              D 8 z\WyDz  
答案: D VMsAT3^w  
应改为: form the largest 5{VrzzOK}  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the {}[S,L  
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考点三 范围词 !ZHPR:k|  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 n~k;9`  
例题: Jy{A1i@4~s  
(1) }>fL{};Z"  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to n"$D/XJO  
            A            B        WADNr8.  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. >DpnIWn  
         C    D /\(0@To  
答案:C ~"iCx+p r  
应改为:longest. K>"M# T  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 x/R|i%u-s  
考点四 most的其他用法 bw ' yX  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: :TxfkicN\  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: dt<PZ.  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; JY~s-jxa  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists =AUR]&_B  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: )W(?wv!,  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ?yU|;my  
例题: pg;agtI  
(1)  ZOi8)Y ~  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. FU E/uh  
   A        B   C     D cL7je  
答案:A >| rID  
应改为:Most  +,gI|  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. j|A *rzL8  
(2) Ky[/7S5E  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds (& =-o(  
   A       B              C 2kp.Ljt@  
 of other cereal plants. D\jRF-z  
  D O&!+ni  
答案:A :MV]OLRM  
应改为:most. Vr D?[&2pE  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 pn{Mj  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 fILINW{Yk)  
A|,\}9)4X[  
the end. nw+L _b  
第三章 副词 hc4<`W{  
S#8wnHq  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 u-=S_e  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 RY8;bUSR  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 (`5No:?v<  
WZ"NG|  
第一节 副词修饰动词 [=z1~dXKb  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 3ZGU?Z;R  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) mT <4@RrB  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) b8P/9D7K?  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) >eQ;\j  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 .]6 _  
例题: qAUqlSP5  
(1) 2f9~:.NgF  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the G(~d1%(  
             A        B    C {+r pMUs#  
 1870's or thereabouts. Oh9wBV  
      D 7(rTGd0  
答案:C UK*+EEv  
应改为:commercially ~Z! xS  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 Wp/!;  
(2) >d!w&0z>  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. %H75u 6  
(A) facially .'mmn5E  
(B) their faces M8X*fYn  
(C) having facial $9Ho d-Z1  
(D) they had faces /Mb?dVwA  
答案:A lBqu}88q0  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 JM!rop^  
VJJGTkm  
第二节 程度副词much等 BoYWx^VHx^  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. LbOjKM^-  
She's not a bit more rational than you were.  Z+`mla  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 3.U5Each-  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; X[_w#Hwp-  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, REDh`Wd  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; p)vyZY[  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) A<2_V1  
例题: A1e|Y  
(1) mV^+`GWvo  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. cG1- .,r  
   A    B   C    D \g< M\3f  
答案:C VFz (U)._  
应改为:much faster KGd L1~  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much EzqYHY+_r  
(2) }&sF \b  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm h~{TCK+I  
        A                 B z1wy@1 o'  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. s <Pk[7`*  
          C     D rU`#3}s  
答案:B "& 'h\  
应改为:more. 'hfQ4EN  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant {r Q6IV3=  
(3) YA9Xe+g  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals \M(0@#-$C  
         A          B      C uq~$HXdc  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. =UYZ){rt9E  
            D ^55#!/9  
考点:程度副词 q|BR-0yi  
答案:D XcB!9AIO  
应改为:still more jPU:&1(_ n  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, ]8FSs/4  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 T#%r\f,l0  
(4) d6,SZ*AE  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a k44s V.G4L  
        A      B          C      D Lpd q^X  
swan's. p+#$S4V  
考点:程度副词 ':YFm  
答案:A ]` 39E"zY  
应改为:little _tDSG]  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 0.C[/u[  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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