第三节 最高级 plca`
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考点一 最高级的形式 W];4P=/
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: u{si
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; {d)+a$qj
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive (+_Amw!W
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. >q`G?9d2
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. DpA)Z??
例题: BQm H9g|2
(1) M$w^g8F27H
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular [hs{{II
A B e|`&K"fnq
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ~q<UE\H
C D ^CX~>j\(
答案:A IuPwFf)
应改为:easiest. es.`:^A
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 L|v1=qNH4
二、没有等级的形容词 7.]ZD`"Bb
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 x;
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有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: t&ngOF
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 <#:"vnm$j
例题: WO]dWO6Mm
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. Hf#/o{=~}
(A) most unique FX\ -Y$K
(B) unique c" yf>0
(C) least unique DI+kO(S
(D)very unique vQztD_bX%
答案: B \ ddbqg?`
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 --y.q~d
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 8eL[,uw
the most important thing, the biggest elephant V+_L9
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: [&6l=a
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience Q9{%
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 Rom|Bqo;
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. Aqq%HgY:t
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. jRzR`>5
例题: ?$9C[Kw`
(1) aHS.U^2
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. u[y>DPPx
A B C D 8z\WyDz
答案: D VMsAT3^w
应改为: form the largest 5{VrzzOK}
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the {}[S,L
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考点三 范围词 !ZHPR:k|
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级
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例题: Jy{A1i@4~s
(1) }>fL{};Z"
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to n"$D/XJO
A B WADNr8.
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. >DpnIWn
C D /\(0@To
答案:C ~"iCx+p
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应改为:longest. K>"M#T
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 x/R|i%u-s
考点四 most的其他用法 bw ' yX
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: :TxfkicN\
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: dt<PZ.
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; JY~s-jxa
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists =AUR]&_B
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: )W(?wv!,
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal ?yU|;my
例题: pg ;agtI
(1) ZOi8)Y
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The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. FU E/uh
A B C D cL7je
答案:A >| rID
应改为:Most
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解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. j|A *rzL8
(2) Ky[/7S5E
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds (&
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A B C 2kp.Ljt@
of other cereal plants. D\jRF-z
D O&!+ni
答案:A :MV]OLRM
应改为:most. VrD?[&2pE
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 pn{Mj
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 fILINW{Yk)
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the end. nw+L _b
第三章 副词 hc4<`W{
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 u-=S_e
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 RY8;bUSR
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 (`5No:?v<
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第一节 副词修饰动词 [=z1~dXKb
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 3ZGU?Z;R
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) mT
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It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) b8P/9D7K?
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) >eQ;\j
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 .]6
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例题: qAUqlSP5
(1) 2f9~:.NgF
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the G(~d1%(
A B C {+r
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1870's or thereabouts. Oh9wBV
D 7(rTGd0
答案:C UK*+EEv
应改为:commercially ~Z!
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解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 Wp/!;
(2) >d!w&0z>
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. %H75u6
(A) facially
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(B) their faces M8X*fYn
(C) having facial $9Hod-Z1
(D) they had faces /Mb?dVwA
答案:A lBqu}88q0
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 JM!rop^
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第二节 程度副词much等 BoYWx^VHx^
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. LbOjKM^-
She's not a bit more rational than you were.
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注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 3.U5Each-
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; X[_w#Hwp-
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, RE Dh`Wd
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; p)vyZY[
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) A<2_V1
例题: A1e| Y
(1) mV^+`GWvo
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. cG1-
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A B C D \g< M\3f
答案:C VFz(U)._
应改为:much faster KGdL1~
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much EzqYHY+_r
(2) }&sF
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Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm h~{TCK+I
A B z1wy@1
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regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. s<Pk[7`*
C D rU`#3}s
答案:B "&
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应改为:more. 'hfQ4EN
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant {rQ6IV3=
(3) YA9Xe+g
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals \M(0@#-$C
A B C uq~$HXdc
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. =UYZ){rt9E
D ^55#!/9
考点:程度副词 q|BR-0yi
答案:D XcB!9AIO
应改为:still more jPU:&1(_ n
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, ]8FSs/4
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 T#%r\f,l0
(4) d6,SZ*AE
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a k44sV.G4L
A B C D Lpd q^X
swan's. p+#$S4V
考点:程度副词 ':YFm
答案:A ]`
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应改为:little _tDSG]
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 0.C[/ u[
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅