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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 __xmn{{L6P  
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考点一 最高级的形式 {Kr}RR*{X  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: esA^-$  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; M j[+h|e  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive ?i0+h7 =6  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. hG.}>(VV  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. *5BVL_:~J  
例题: ]Ss63Vd  
(1) YT oG'#qs  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular l![79 eFp  
    A                          B T88$sD.2 '  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 9ThsR&h3  
 C          D XchD3p+uB  
答案:A Lf ^ 7|  
应改为:easiest. ~FYC'd  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 paD[4L?4Hk  
二、没有等级的形容词 d7b`X<=@s  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 }0E@eL  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: n8!|}J  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 B&X)bGx8  
例题: C$])q`9  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. ~l'[P=R+8  
(A) most unique Ja*,ht(5  
(B) unique W 3\+51P  
(C) least unique e[T3,2C  
(D)very unique '!Va9m*w7  
答案: B `{"V(YMEV  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 ZU B]qzmK  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: ;MYK TE>m  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant cqh1,h$sG  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: B\AyG4J  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience X J] +F  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 {yf, :5  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. nrpbQ(zI*  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. p |;#frj  
例题: T^|6{ S\  
(1) !JDyv\i}  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 96F+I!qC  
  A  B         C              D GF<SQHL,  
答案: D = "Lb5!  
应改为: form the largest GZ:1bV37%  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the f]Z9=  
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考点三 范围词 sV~|9/r  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 9Kz }  
例题: ]Ah<kq2sk  
(1) !qs~j=;y3  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to G\f:H%[5[  
            A            B        y3'K+?4  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. 5X-d,8{w _  
         C    D |oOA;JC)(  
答案:C +{ e2TY  
应改为:longest. jvE&%|Ngw  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 <e8 Ux#x/  
考点四 most的其他用法 L{6Vi&I84[  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: F,GG>(6c  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: h7\16j  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; Q@l.p-:^U  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists Z oKXao  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: ?0+J"FH# W  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 9;pD0h|  
例题: v.H@Ey2  
(1) `Yu4h+T  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. qZ +^ND(I  
   A        B   C     D Y5Z<uD  
答案:A pXxpEv  
应改为:Most !='&#@7u  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. +Xr87x;  
(2) ^pa -2Ao6  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds e#uF?v]O  
   A       B              C jJY!;f  
 of other cereal plants. W\yaovAt  
  D %MUwd@,  
答案:A +D+Rf,D  
应改为:most. )eSD5hOI)  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 tJY3k$YX  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 =arrp:  
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the end. s3l:S T  
第三章 副词 |b: 91l  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 A Pu cA  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 ~~'UQnUN4  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 .q7o7J%  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 L2 tSKw~  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 #\fxU:z~r  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) #!X4\+)  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) !,< )y}L^)  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) %7~~*_G  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 RK`C31Ws  
例题: UjU*`}k3  
(1) tk <R|i  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the u;qBW uO  
             A        B    C ^B|Q&1  
 1870's or thereabouts. @ukIt  
      D do1aH$Iw  
答案:C >)3[CU,  
应改为:commercially f6h!wx  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 X_eh+>D  
(2) !5P\5WF~Y  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. v} $KlT  
(A) facially &O5W  
(B) their faces OA_Bz"  
(C) having facial *L3>:],7  
(D) they had faces ;U=RV&  
答案:A 2,Og(_0>  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 ~EVD NnHEr  
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第二节 程度副词much等 ^hhJ6E_W  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. u2SnL$A7  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. f<V#Yc(U }  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 yE(>R(^  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ,{ C   
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 1Y"[Qs]"mU  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; ^gwVh~j  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) O3JN?25s  
例题: !}D!_z,)u  
(1) ;hz"`{(JY  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. dsKEWZ =  
   A    B   C    D J 00%,Ju_  
答案:C ; IC:]Zu  
应改为:much faster +)C?v&N  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much 5G@z l  
(2) E>tlY&0[$  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm #<X+)B6t  
        A                 B HL;y5o?  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. N#-P}\Q9  
          C     D +1j@n.)ft  
答案:B bE-{ U/;  
应改为:more. #{)=%5=c  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant gdupG  
(3) ?*I2?   
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals zkXG%I4h  
         A          B      C lE~5 b  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. | I_,;c  
            D (|_1ku3!  
考点:程度副词 ;iJ*.wVq  
答案:D #<V/lPz+  
应改为:still more hr&&"d {s  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, p2 N;-  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 eR kvNI  
(4) Zgt:ZO  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a '!*,JG5_  
        A      B          C      D XK[cbVu  
swan's. jm1f,=R  
考点:程度副词 rPVz !(;k  
答案:A *NdSL  
应改为:little 9ALE6  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little vT)(#0>z  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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