第三节 最高级 8:TN,p
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考点一 最高级的形式 jIaAx_
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: t32
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在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ?zM]p"M
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive '
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少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. gDa}8!+i
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. v=R=K
例题: %77v'Pz1
(1) <k+dJ=f
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular Q$^oIFb
A B SvLI%>B=9
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 4}E|CD/pZ
C D '@i0~
答案:A Zn0e#n
应改为:easiest. pyJY]"UHVE
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 uxLT*,
二、没有等级的形容词 wVX]"o
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 0A9llE
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: %38HGjS
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 B|XrjI?
例题: jwhc;y
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 1k"<
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(A) most unique ?gD^K,A Hd
(B) unique bl yU53g
(C) least unique @
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(D)very unique Wg{ 9X#|
答案: B 1seWR"
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 +guCTGD:
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: pY.R?\
the most important thing, the biggest elephant hNU$a?eVpR
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: %[S-"k
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience u-</G-y
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 R|D%1@i]
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. R`
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Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. ,L_u
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例题: Z=R 6?jU*n
(1) At<D36,^"
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 2P,%}Ms
A B C D g79zzi-
答案: D /aV;EkyO,
应改为: form the largest S$N!Dj@e;
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the LO;7NK
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考点三 范围词 <#nt?X
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伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 $U=j<^R}a
例题: l4bLN
(1) +-r ~-b s
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to 9 1.gE*D
A B 6%^A6
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. V1#:[o63+
C D m)l'i!Y
答案:C -{XDQ{z<%
应改为:longest. Y{d-k1?s5
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 v#|yr<
考点四 most的其他用法 K+\2cf?bU
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: T@jv0/(+
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 6$)FQ
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most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes;
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most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists WES$B7y
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: RkZyqt
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a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal %p:Z(zU
例题: WF_v>g:g
(1)
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The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ?bAv{1dvT=
A B C D m[CyvcF*u
答案:A d#H
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应改为:Most .ah[!O
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. _+j#.o>
(2) i}e/!IVR3
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 1N[9\Yi
A B C LJ6L#es2
of other cereal plants. lc 3N i<3v
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答案:A d}y
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应改为:most. OdpHF~(Y/
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 N!fjN >cw
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 |c>.xt~
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the end. j#U,zsv:
第三章 副词 gA`QV''/:
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 I$ R1#s
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 q6ZewuV.
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 %LM6=nt
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第一节 副词修饰动词 ~%2yDhdQ
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 =~"X/>'
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) eY-h<K)y
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) E%(s=YhW
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 0@[*~H0{n
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 =av0a!
例题:
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(1) ?"^{:~\N
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the l p(D@FT
A B C ?68~ g<d,
1870's or thereabouts. ZyDNtX%
D C\ joDAD
答案:C OrYN-A4{
应改为:commercially xticC>
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 f,F1k9-1!
(2) 1C<d^D_!p
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. / Y od
(A) facially w@&z0ODJ
(B) their faces S0Io$\ha
(C) having facial >~Xe` }'
(D) they had faces Ov<c1y;f
答案:A y631;dU
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 2m]4
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第二节 程度副词much等 }^0'IAXi
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. AT+l%%
She's not a bit more rational than you were. j6EF0/_|e
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 X'<RqvDc5
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; $ZGup"z)
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级,
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比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; qR!ZtJ5j
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) M9A1
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例题:
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(1) %hN>o
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Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. wW p7N
A B C D MKvmzLh$)
答案:C =WUL%MfW
应改为:much faster fMFkA(Of^
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much jvsSP?]n
(2) ]o]`X$n
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 5I2 h(Td
A B v~Dobk/n
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. ;"0bVs`.^e
C D I+;e#v,%U
答案:B "lu^
应改为:more. PvV\b<Pe+
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant #K:iB*
(3) Yb5@W/'
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals ?m2FN<S
A B C Mn/
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. {'A
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考点:程度副词 %A~. NNbS
答案:D Gdb0e]Vt+
应改为:still more ]kmAN65c
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, "?6*W"N9
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 *vRHF1)L
(4)
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A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a .O0eSp|e
A B C D ~I>|f
swan's.
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考点:程度副词 N)E'k%?,
答案:A U= n
应改为:little uv$5MwKU
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little CpN*1s})d
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅