第三节 最高级 LCH w.
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考点一 最高级的形式 yio8BcXH54
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: a:1$i dj
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; (H]NL
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive PT4iy<
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. TeJ=QpGW2
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. I%z,s{9p
例题: scE#&OWF%
(1) [BEQ ~A_I
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular g
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A B oC3W_vH.%
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 5n e&6
C D sWVapup?
答案:A 7H,)heA
应改为:easiest. Y44[2 :m
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 \23m*3"W
二、没有等级的形容词 tU.~7f#+A
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ;[:IC^9fv
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: /%bnG(4
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 8/"C0I (G
例题: r( bA>L*mk
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. wxF\enDY
(A) most unique }E&:
(B) unique py wc~dWvz
(C) least unique 2r@9|}La
(D)very unique IJ7wUZp"
答案: B ^SIA%S3
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 NLt"yD3t
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: -'^:+FU
the most important thing, the biggest elephant ;Qq7@(2y
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: oE,TA2
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience #[Rs&$vQm
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 jcRe),
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. $s"-r9@q
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 1'1>B
例题: AN)r(86L
(1) 2dDhO
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group.
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A B C D 6lUC$B Y
答案: D "@t bm[
应改为: form the largest ``>z8t[ks
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the Y3SV6""y/
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考点三 范围词 w zi7pJjXh
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 a;\a>N4
例题: .eyJ
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(1)
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The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to s}bLA>~Ta
A B sH]T1z
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. -C* 6>$A
C D
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答案:C Q% ^_<u
应改为:longest. \+:`nz3m
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 cg9*+]rc
考点四 most的其他用法 ^oNcZK>
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: t3=K>Y@w
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: tTh4L8fO
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; {Z178sik
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists sejT] rJ
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: ,k(B>O ~o
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal D}UgC\u
例题: "~Zdv}^xS
(1) 12: Q`
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. y.(m#&T
A B C D G&4D0f
答案:A ezri9\Ju
应改为:Most '2rSX[$tf
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ft0tRv(s:
(2) 'R99m?"
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds %o
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A B C %4BQY>O)@
of other cereal plants. w7 \vrS>&
D ;";>7k/}
答案:A \g v-2.,
应改为:most. p0}Yo8? OW
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 6j|~oMYP
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 rA@|nL{
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the end. yA7O<p+
第三章 副词
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 SCfk!GBVD
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等
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副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 YfNN&G4_
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第一节 副词修饰动词 r]kks_!Z
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 VP7LKfv
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) 6vzvH
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) E^~ {thf
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) .dvs&+I
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 A}3E)Qo=G
例题: #;m^DX QZn
(1) h-o;vC9fC
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the b'xBPTN
A B C UY:Be8C A
1870's or thereabouts. 8zwH^q[`r
D @#9xSs#
答案:C :MH=6
应改为:commercially t=[/
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解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 RaC6RH
(2) [yRqSB
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 9(bbV5}
(A) facially *6v5JH&K
(B) their faces aQso<oK
(C) having facial ~fO#En
(D) they had faces A~LTi
答案:A U/7jK40
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 y cWY.HD
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第二节 程度副词much等 LBcqFvj{&
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. #;"lBqxY`
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Q|g>ga-a
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 FwQGxGZ
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; AUl[h&s
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 8JO(P0aT
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; I#zL-RXT
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) #|Je%t}~
例题: fl*49-d
(1) >lugHF$G
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. S @)P#
A B C D mQtOx
答案:C B{1yMJA
应改为:much faster 5WtI.7r
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much "3?:,$*
(2) 'gk^NAG2^E
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm QRER[8]r$
A B e4cWi
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. 3d_g@x#9
C D 6 x8lnXtA
答案:B =Flr05}m
应改为:more. H"|oI|~
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant c5{3
(3) zc>LwX}<
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals (DTkK5/%
A B C N3Z6o.k
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. vn96o]n
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考点:程度副词 L4Si0 K
答案:D }4xz, oN
应改为:still more d^XRkB:h
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, qTnk>g_oS&
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 `VRt{p
(4) l' a<k"
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a IQ9Rvnna
A B C D b_oUG_B3]
swan's. 0S>U_#-
考点:程度副词 IZ+ZIR@}ci
答案:A x% Eu.jj
应改为:little ro@`S:
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little B_|jDH#RyJ
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅