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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 MFTk qbc  
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考点一 最高级的形式 5` Te \H  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: ~|<WHHN (  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ee%fqVQ8P  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive ?\C"YG69T  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. |D, +P  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. GKN%Tv:D_  
例题: [2"<W! p  
(1) \j&^aAp r  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular 0a-:<zm  
    A                          B FQ g~l4WX  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. nstUMr6  
 C          D X]P:CY  
答案:A z dO#0t N  
应改为:easiest. =[F<7pvE  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 e{m2l2Tx:  
二、没有等级的形容词 [IK  )  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ABUSTf<  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ]Dw]p! @  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 mEG#>Gg$  
例题: Mn )@{^  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. =$]uoA  
(A) most unique )B[0JrcE  
(B) unique 9<KAXr#  
(C) least unique 0qX3v<+[6  
(D)very unique #5V9o KM  
答案: B g]*#%Xa  
3-&QRR#p  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 )E~ 79!  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 0{= `on;  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant s0PrbL% _`  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: i9/aAH0  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience 1Z9qjV%^  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 ra o[VZ  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 5=f|7yl  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. M%@!cW  
例题: e d<n9R  
(1) qzTuxo0B  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Rj4|Q:XG  
  A  B         C              D $C `;fA  
答案: D ?Orxmxc 2  
应改为: form the largest <WcR,d  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the 62Z#Y Q}x  
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考点三 范围词 9M:O0 )s  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 Nd;K u6  
例题: DK$s&zf  
(1) O<,\^[x  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to mVy |{Oh  
            A            B        O)jWZOVp >  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. 07[_.i.l  
         C    D #Jw1IcuH  
答案:C RS^lKJ1 U  
应改为:longest. M#8uv-L  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 >Vwc3d  
考点四 most的其他用法 H(Z88.OM  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 4B^ZnFJ%m  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: {$wjO7Glp  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; @9lUSk^9  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists o/+13C  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: W#hj 1  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal /|D*w^ >  
例题: IkGfnXJ  
(1) RE/~#k@a  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. u)~C;f)  
   A        B   C     D rl #p".4q  
答案:A iLkZ"X.'|1  
应改为:Most }#n;C{z2e  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. U15H@h  
(2) R~S;sJ& c  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds #6CC3TJ'k  
   A       B              C `|ASx8_!  
 of other cereal plants. Jz2N  
  D D F*:_B )  
答案:A Z )SY.iK.  
应改为:most. 2(#7[mgPI  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 XBp?w  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 &3n~ %$#N  
/(.mp<s0  
the end. E.Jkf\  
第三章 副词 \uaJ @{Vug  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 @T'i/}nl  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 -UOj>{-  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 q)^Jj ?W  
O 8j_0  
第一节 副词修饰动词 g.zEn/SM  
z$?~Y(EY  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 4Za7^c.  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) vJ-q*qM1  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) HLV2~5Txc  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) P8*=Ls+-F  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 rU2%dkTa  
例题: DUC#NZgw  
(1) 4'!c*@Y  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the TwVlg ;  
             A        B    C @AIaC-,~]  
 1870's or thereabouts. >76\nGO  
      D g!+| I  
答案:C #py[  
应改为:commercially ^`)) C;  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 uFPF!Ern  
(2) $0lD>yu  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. .7.b :Dn0  
(A) facially .xH5fMj,"  
(B) their faces RWg No #<  
(C) having facial }5}.lJ:  
(D) they had faces zY('t!u8  
答案:A |,!IZ- th  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 Te}8!_ohyC  
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第二节 程度副词much等 l33Pm/V2?  
Q^e}?v%=%3  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. qIIv6''5@  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. X  .5aMm  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 "vyNxZE  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; Gq }U|Z  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 6Qy@UfB  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; Gch[Otq]%  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 6DuEL=C  
例题: 6w(6}m.L^  
(1) < !dqTJos  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. IuRmEL_Q_  
   A    B   C    D DFd%9*N  
答案:C /O^RF}  
应改为:much faster .On|uC)!  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much O2BDL1o  
(2) *]VFvh  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm CCWg{*og  
        A                 B cdZ~2vk  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. g;8jK 8 Kh  
          C     D  XoCC/  
答案:B ,;Hu=;  
应改为:more. D0#x L h  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant -!N&OZ+R   
(3) ulkJR-""&  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals DJ(q 7 W  
         A          B      C d)R:9M}v  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. lobGj8uxq  
            D [-;_ZFS{  
考点:程度副词 72Iy^Y[MX  
答案:D MF'$~gxo  
应改为:still more Y<Xz wro0  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, xg NJeQ  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 r!HwXeEn/  
(4) -xDGH  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a  ?kZT I (  
        A      B          C      D %d>=+Ds[  
swan's. _',prZ*  
考点:程度副词 'eJ+JM<0%  
答案:A M5*{   
应改为:little dz *7gL;7G  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little `KK>~T_$J  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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