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主题 : 语法3(未完 )
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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 LCHw.  
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考点一 最高级的形式 yio8BcXH54  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: a:1$idj  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; (H]NL   
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive PT4iy<  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. TeJ=QpGW2  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. I%z,s{9p  
例题: scE#&OWF%  
(1) [BEQ ~A_I  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular g 6?5  
    A                          B oC3W_vH.%  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 5n e&6  
 C          D sWVapu p?  
答案:A 7H,)heA  
应改为:easiest. Y44[2 :m  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 \23m*3"W  
二、没有等级的形容词 tU.~7f#+A  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ;[:IC^9fv  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: /%b nG(4  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 8/"C0I (G  
例题: r( bA>L*mk  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. wxF\enDY  
(A) most unique }E&:  
(B) unique py wc~dWvz  
(C) least unique 2r@9|}La  
(D)very unique IJ7wUZp"  
答案: B ^SIA%S3  
ZsP>CELm@  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 NLt"yD3t  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: -'^:+FU  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant ;Qq7@(2y  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: oE,TA2  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience #[Rs&$vQm  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 jcRe),  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. $s"-r9@q  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 1'1>B  
例题: AN)r(86L  
(1) 2dDhO  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. 27}0  
  A  B         C              D 6lUC$B Y  
答案: D "@t bm[  
应改为: form the largest ``>z8t[ks  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the Y3SV6""y/  
7W>(T8K X\  
考点三 范围词 w zi7pJjXh  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 a;\a>N4  
例题: .eyJ <b9  
(1) {~XAg~  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to s}bLA>~Ta  
            A            B        sH]T1z  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. -C* 6>$A  
         C    D n$E$@  
答案:C Q% ^_<u  
应改为:longest.  \+:`nz3m  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 cg9*+]rc  
考点四 most的其他用法 ^oNcZK>  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: t3=K>Y@w  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: tTh4L8fO  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; {Z178sik  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists sejT] rJ  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: ,k(B>O~o  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal D}U gC\u  
例题: "~Zdv}^xS  
(1) 12: Q`   
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. y. (m#&T  
   A        B   C     D G&4D0f  
答案:A ezri9\Ju  
应改为:Most '2rSX[$ tf  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ft0tRv(s:  
(2) 'R99m?"  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds %o fq  
   A       B              C %4BQY>O)@  
 of other cereal plants. w7\vrS>&  
  D ;";>7k/}  
答案:A \gv-2.,  
应改为:most. p0}Yo8?OW  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 6j|~oMYP  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 rA @|nL{  
jaMpi^ C  
the end. yA7O<p+  
第三章 副词 Y^|15ek  
V9%9nR!'  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 SCfk!GBVD  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 =PnNett}a  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 YfNN&G4_  
:R3&R CTZ  
第一节 副词修饰动词 r]kks_!Z  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 V P7LKfv  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) 6vzvH  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) E^~ {thf  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) .dvs&+I  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 A}3E)Qo=G  
例题: #;m^DX QZn  
(1) h-o;vC9fC  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the b'xBPTN  
             A        B    C UY:Be8C A  
 1870's or thereabouts. 8zwH^q[`r  
      D @#9xSs#  
答案:C :MH=6  
应改为:commercially t=[/ L]!  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 Ra C6RH  
(2) [yRqSB  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 9(bbV5}  
(A) facially *6v5JH&K  
(B) their faces aQso<oK  
(C) having facial ~fO#En  
(D) they had faces A~L Ti  
答案:A U/7jK40  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 y cWY.HD  
q"LT8nD\  
第二节 程度副词much等 LBcqFvj{&  
rhN"#?  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. #;"lBqxY`  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Q|g>ga-a  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 FwQGxGZ  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; AUl[h&s  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 8JO(P0aT  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; I#zL-RXT  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) #|Je%t}~  
例题: fl*49-d  
(1) >lugHF$G  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. S @)P#  
   A    B   C    D mQtOx  
答案:C B{1yMJA  
应改为:much faster 5WtI.7r  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much "3?:,$*  
(2) 'gk^NAG2^E  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm QRER[8]r$  
        A                 B e4 cWi  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. 3d_g@x#9  
          C     D 6x8lnXtA  
答案:B =Flr05}m  
应改为:more. H"|oI|~  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant c5{3  
(3) zc>LwX}<  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals (DTkK5/%  
         A          B      C N3Z6o.k  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. vn96o] n  
            D mmEe@-lE  
考点:程度副词 L4Si0 K  
答案:D }4xz,oN  
应改为:still more d^XRkB:h  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, qTnk>g_oS&  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 `V Rt{p  
(4) l' a<k"  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a IQ9Rvnna  
        A      B          C      D b_oUG_B3]  
swan's. 0S>U_#-  
考点:程度副词 IZ+ZIR@}ci  
答案:A x% Eu.jj  
应改为:little ro@`S:  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little B_|jDH#RyJ  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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