英语的连贯性是衡量作文优劣的一个重要标准。逻辑连接词作为一种最常被使用的重要衔接手段,可以用来表示篇章内词与词、句与句、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系,从而使篇章更加连贯。然而,书到用时方恨少,不少同学在考场上搜肠刮肚也找不出几个恰如其分的连接词。今天就来给大家说说这一课。 !VpZo*+
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先来给大家看两个例子,这位考生朋友写的是2013年真题的作文。 (bt^L3}a
考生作文 1 *LcLYxWo
In an era of intense competition, we should spare no effort to face various challenges. It is hard for people to work and live for a long time with vigour. Nevertheless, many people have been suffering from depression, exhaustion, insomnia, headache, and so on. 'KpCPOhfR
这位考生写道:这是一个竞争激烈的时代,人们都是不遗余力地去迎接各种挑战,人们很难长时间地维持精力充沛的工作和生活状态。然而,很多人已经长期遭受抑郁、疲劳、失眠、头痛等痛苦。 x={t}qDS8
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点 评 6CO>Tg:%
在这段话中,第一句话和第二句话是因果关系,而 nevertheless 是“然而”的意思,表转折,显然这个连接词用错了,应改成 consequently(因此),这段话就顺畅自然了。 $>v^%E;Y4
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考生作文 2 ;hF >iw
The third state, a morbid condition between being ill and being sound, causing physiological disorder and no obvious physical malfunction, frequently perplexes individuals. Thus, various rewarding advice is given by medical experts . 2#_9x7
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接下来,他继续写道:第三状态,即介于生病和健康两者之间的一种疾病状态,会导致生理失调和其他不易被察觉的疾病,常让人感到困扰。因此,医学专家们就此给出了很多有用的建议。 -`wGF#}y(=
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点 评 ar+mj=m
第一句话该考生解释了什么是“第三状态”,第二句话讲专家就此给出对策。这两句话之间并不存在因果关系,所以连接词 thus(意思是“因此”) 用得不妥。倒不如干脆用副词 fortunately 来得好,意为“第三状态让人困扰,幸好,医学专家们就此给出了很对有用的建议”。 QnZR
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读罢这两个例子,想必大家对于连接词的重要性已然可窥一斑了。下面,为大家总结了英文写作中最常用到的连接词,大家不妨对照一下自己的习作,看看自己的文章在逻辑连接词的使用上是否合理、得当。 pW8pp?
1. 表示列举和时序 I5'^tBf[{
first, second, third…finally Fdd$Bl.&XS
firstly, secondly, thirdly… finally
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first of all, next then, lastly Xfx(X4$ 9
for one thing… for another… eC9~
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at the same time gv `jeN
at first lO%Z4V_Mj
at last Bd
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2. 表示举例 i3: sV 5
for example 例如:…… Ec_
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namely 即…… j='Ne5X1
for instance 例如:…… fouy??
that is (to say) 也就是说 -iBu:WyY$
such as 如…… :L:;~t K
take…for example 拿……来说 C'n 9n!hR
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3. 表示比较或对比 ,-] JCcH
like 像 HLYM(Pz
unlike 不像 VmBLNM?
similarly 同样地 Km+29
in the same way 以相同的方式 b%$S6.
compared to 与……相比 lBQ|=
while 而 'U1r}.+b>
stil l= nevertheless 然而 z@~1
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on the contrary 正好相反 2d.I3z:[
different from 与……不同 H:[z#f|t
on (the) one hand… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面...... Q7=J[,V: 2
in contrast with 与……成对比 0QC*Z (
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4. 表示增补 JAB]kNvI
and 而且 rEAPlO.Yp
both…and 不但……而且 N`iK1n4X
not only…but also 不但……而且 ;"Ot\:0
as well as 不但……而且 }FM<uB
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also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 "X]ufZ7
in addition 并且 ;V@}
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apart from 除了……之外 3\(s=-vh
what's more 而且、更重要的 n]j(tP
for another 另一方面 B;K{Vo:C
worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 zG@
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including 包括 t?0=;.D
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5. 表示因果 p!Gf^
because 因为 j|[s?YJl
since 既然 U|
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as 由于 -%t0'cKn,
given 鉴于 +Nza@B d
now that 既然 T8
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therefore 因此 p}Gk|Kjlq,
thus 这样 9J%>2AA
so 所以 &
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as a result (of) 结果 VJ$C)0xQA
because of = on account of 因为 6*LU+U=`
thanks to 多亏 6Nl$&jL
for this reason 由于这个原因 f0[xMn0Tu
if so 如果这样 t|y4kM
if not 如果不是这样 r2<+ =INn
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6. 表示目的 GqAedz ;.
for this purpose 为了......(下同) PIr Uls0}
in order to do i;tA<-$-
so as to do xUw\Y(!
so that… Pw7'6W1
in order that… Lhc@*_2
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7. 表示让步 P0Jd6"sS"
though / although ef.lM]cO
no matter + 疑问句 [@y=%\%R
in spite of Ab"uN
whatever / however / whoever |l?ALP_
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even if / even though =ddx/zN
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8. 表示递进或强调 sogbD9Jc
besides 况且 _Pz3QsV9
what's more 更重要地...... |HU
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thus 这样 w2,T.3DT
above all 首先 YBCjcD[G
indeed 的确 #,PAM.rH
in fact / as a matter of fact 事实上 '?>eW2d
in other words 换句话说 bSR<d
in that case 那样的话 E5t+;vL~
or rather 更确切地说 =5/;h+bk+3
particularly 特别地 C~;0A!@]Y
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9. 表示转折 5muW*7
but 但是 7, 13g)
still 然而 G}-.xj]
however 然而 +7Lco"\w<
while 而 xI4I1"
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10. 表示总结 iXm||?Rnx
in a / one word 简言之;一句话;总之 7
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generally speaking 一般说来 1a
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in short = in a few words 简言之 P{Z71a5
in conclusion = lastly 最后地 $048y
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on the whole = taking everything into consideration 从总体来看(把所有因素考虑在内) Y+
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therefore 因此 IPVzV\o
as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 W|#ev*'F
it is quite clear that 很显然 cXY'>N
there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 j?f <hQ
it is well-known that 大家都知道 $uw+^(ut
as we all know = as is known 6lWFxbh
to sum up = to summarize = in summary 总之 eM+;x\jo?