英语的连贯性是衡量作文优劣的一个重要标准。逻辑连接词作为一种最常被使用的重要衔接手段,可以用来表示篇章内词与词、句与句、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系,从而使篇章更加连贯。然而,书到用时方恨少,不少同学在考场上搜肠刮肚也找不出几个恰如其分的连接词。今天就来给大家说说这一课。 '*^9'=
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先来给大家看两个例子,这位考生朋友写的是2013年真题的作文。 9FPqd8(]*V
考生作文 1 dx+xs&
In an era of intense competition, we should spare no effort to face various challenges. It is hard for people to work and live for a long time with vigour. Nevertheless, many people have been suffering from depression, exhaustion, insomnia, headache, and so on. u"m TS&
这位考生写道:这是一个竞争激烈的时代,人们都是不遗余力地去迎接各种挑战,人们很难长时间地维持精力充沛的工作和生活状态。然而,很多人已经长期遭受抑郁、疲劳、失眠、头痛等痛苦。 wN^^_
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在这段话中,第一句话和第二句话是因果关系,而 nevertheless 是“然而”的意思,表转折,显然这个连接词用错了,应改成 consequently(因此),这段话就顺畅自然了。
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考生作文 2 y>7 r;e
The third state, a morbid condition between being ill and being sound, causing physiological disorder and no obvious physical malfunction, frequently perplexes individuals. Thus, various rewarding advice is given by medical experts . ;aD?BD__Z
接下来,他继续写道:第三状态,即介于生病和健康两者之间的一种疾病状态,会导致生理失调和其他不易被察觉的疾病,常让人感到困扰。因此,医学专家们就此给出了很多有用的建议。 Pq@-`sw
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第一句话该考生解释了什么是“第三状态”,第二句话讲专家就此给出对策。这两句话之间并不存在因果关系,所以连接词 thus(意思是“因此”) 用得不妥。倒不如干脆用副词 fortunately 来得好,意为“第三状态让人困扰,幸好,医学专家们就此给出了很对有用的建议”。 vP=H 2P
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读罢这两个例子,想必大家对于连接词的重要性已然可窥一斑了。下面,为大家总结了英文写作中最常用到的连接词,大家不妨对照一下自己的习作,看看自己的文章在逻辑连接词的使用上是否合理、得当。 T Qx<lw
1. 表示列举和时序 I!SIy&=W
first, second, third…finally Y0J:c?
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firstly, secondly, thirdly… finally MWK)Bn
first of all, next then, lastly fjY:u,5V_
for one thing… for another… Q)lD2
at the same time k'+y
at first
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at last pred{HEye
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2. 表示举例 *ae)<l3v
for example 例如:…… u J]uz%
namely 即…… AEDBr <
for instance 例如:…… hpYv*WH:
that is (to say) 也就是说 (44L8)I.D
such as 如…… #2$wI^O
take…for example 拿……来说 4'`H H
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3. 表示比较或对比 :ln?PT
like 像 Qr7|;l3
unlike 不像 27,c}OS5o
similarly 同样地 2J%L%6z8~
in the same way 以相同的方式 T 1_B0H2
compared to 与……相比 R0F [
while 而 uXvE>VpJG
stil l= nevertheless 然而 J!G92A~*]
on the contrary 正好相反 N}<!k#d
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different from 与……不同 <|]i3_Z
on (the) one hand… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面...... r`.Bj0
in contrast with 与……成对比 0>D*d'xLd
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4. 表示增补 %_CL/H
and 而且 .IVKgQ
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both…and 不但……而且 O1\25D
not only…but also 不但……而且 g_k95k3V'
as well as 不但……而且 a`]ZyG*P
also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 ^eefR5^_w
in addition 并且 JUXBMYFu
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apart from 除了……之外
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what's more 而且、更重要的 2PUB@B'
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for another 另一方面 "}ur"bU1
worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 G`&P|xYg
including 包括 (n_.bSI
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5. 表示因果 ~m0=YAlk?
because 因为 )"|wWu
since 既然 nD)SR
as 由于 k6Vs#K7a
given 鉴于 5p:2gsk
now that 既然 <7B;_3/
therefore 因此 2`ERrh^i"
thus 这样 kK
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so 所以 9$VdYw7D
as a result (of) 结果 a9_2
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because of = on account of 因为 AXi4{Q,
thanks to 多亏 ^h#A7 g
for this reason 由于这个原因 MrOtsX
if so 如果这样 D62'bFB^
if not 如果不是这样 Z/v )^VR
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6. 表示目的 9)j"|5H
for this purpose 为了......(下同) s k~7"v{Y.
in order to do =
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so as to do CUjRz5L
so that… #-R]HLW*
in order that… h\Zh^
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7. 表示让步 YxA nh
though / although =FFs8&PKys
no matter + 疑问句 ?9 `T_,
in spite of q?L*Luu+
whatever / however / whoever \S~<C[P
even if / even though b
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8. 表示递进或强调 -ucR@P]
besides 况且 MzlE
what's more 更重要地...... +OB&PE
thus 这样 y %Y P
above all 首先 e+@.n
indeed 的确 PM {L}tEQ
in fact / as a matter of fact 事实上 /T6Te<68^
in other words 换句话说 !yV)EJ:$
in that case 那样的话 )
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or rather 更确切地说 %U1HvmyK
particularly 特别地 p
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9. 表示转折 xz,M>Ua
but 但是 H"2,Q
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still 然而 i l%9j
however 然而 M49Hm[0(
while 而 W*4!A\K
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10. 表示总结 %';DBozZ
in a / one word 简言之;一句话;总之 RWn#"~
generally speaking 一般说来 [@s5v
in short = in a few words 简言之 eA/}$.R
in conclusion = lastly 最后地 +Pn`AV1
on the whole = taking everything into consideration 从总体来看(把所有因素考虑在内) 6AmFl<
therefore 因此 GuJIN"P]
as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 "QY~V{u5
it is quite clear that 很显然
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there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 ]O+Nl5*
it is well-known that 大家都知道 It^_?oiK
as we all know = as is known nSU7,K`PM
to sum up = to summarize = in summary 总之 'zTa]y]a