加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 2017 年上海交通大学考博英语语法
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2019-09-19   
来源于 考博资料 分类

2017 年上海交通大学考博英语语法

(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 u!Z&c7kPI  
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 w4OVfTlN  
2)基本用法 s B6UlX;b:  
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 =$m|M m[a  
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , s:jwwE2  
seldom等。例如: *mYec~  
The sun rises in the east. `:8&m  
He usually goes to work by bus. ?D.] c;PR  
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. !u^(<.xJ   
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 #hai3>9|B  
如: .G^ .kg ,  
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. k -SUp8}g  
The project starts early this year. MP T[f  
There is a conference tonight. bNqjjg  
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: pdE=9l'  
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. 0n1y$*I4  
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. {&/q \UQ  
2 、一般过去时 U'@_fg  
1)构成:动词过去式  Jl}$) '  
2)基本用法 nOOA5Gz   
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: \ Xuu|]  
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 Chjth"  
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: =6? 3c\  
He died five years ago. 0|d%@  
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. -PxA~((g5  
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he W$,c]/u|  
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. $ZE OE8.\  
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. C7PHZ`<  
3 、一般将来时 e\/Lcng  
1)构成 /\2s%b*  
will +动词原形 HmQuRW  
2)基本用法 ]` 3;8,  
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 VN*^pAzlF  
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. st pa2z  
3)表示将来时的其他形式 RM,r0Kv17Y  
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 VTD'D+ t  
明即将发生的事。例如: _t3n<  
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. pnDD9u-4;  
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 ~GMlnA]6  
可能性。例如: > `u} G1T\  
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. .|cQ0:B[  
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 kyz_r6  
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: 7LKNEll  
We're leaving on Friday. s4t>/.;x  
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. |UE&M3S  
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: u|APx8?"o  
He is about to retire. FjVC&+c  
4 、现在进行时 a+IU<O-J?  
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 *cJ GrLC  
2)基本用法 zR">'bM:  
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: 'ym/@h7h  
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. ,H\EPmNHK  
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. *tO7A$LDT  
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 T/UhZ4(V  
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: A)&OR]0[  
He is constantly complaining about his job. u\.7#D>  
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. j;)U5X  
5 、现在完成时 o"J}@nF  
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 Zm^4p{I%o*  
2)基本用法 T[;O K  
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 St^ s"A  
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since 7xz|u\?_2  
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: Ft#d & I  
We’ve just back. he;&KzEu  
We have studied English for more than ten years. |#Z :v1]"  
He has lived here since 1995. M9[Fx= qY  
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. A90o X1l  
Have you booked your hotel yet $RfM}!7?  
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 %c*azo.  
(1)过去与现在的关系 '!I^Lfz-Z  
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 )#N)w5DU  
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 eR4%4gW)  
造成的影响。 a= +qR:wT  
(2)时间状语不同 7aj|-gZ  
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, qCi6kEr  
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till $WI=a-;_e  
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: " qY Pi  
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) Q-k{Lqa-  
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 > SU2Jw  
开着的。) 5zWxI]4d\  
6 、过去进行时 u[$ \ az7  
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 tIR"y:U+  
2)基本用法 `9}\kn-</8  
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: eZ#nZB  
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. {f3&s4xj=  
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. Sp3?I2 o  
7 、过去完成时 {{7%z4l  
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 /B7 3|KB+  
2)基本用法 @-|{qP=Dy  
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 Yq-N k:H|  
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: t84(kzcC  
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning 2iYf)MC  
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. Yj99[ c#]  
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. Bt[OGa(q  
8 、过去将来时 d~1Nct$:  
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 {_t i*#  
2)基本用法 0vbiq  
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 /R7qR#  
时的宾语从句中。例如: !g{9]"Z1T  
He said he would stop smoking next month. l ps 6lnh  
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. I%.KFPV  
9 、将来完成时 oace!si  
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 W&23M26"{  
2)基本用法 HL-zuZa`Ju  
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: d:jD  
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. 9|#YKO\\i  
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. `\LhEnIwu  
10 、现在完成进行时 +^1E0@b%  
1)构成 ~Vq<nkWS  
2)基本用法 Bwv@D4bii  
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能还会继续下去或是 NfqJ>[}I+  
到说话的时候刚刚结束,但强调到说话时为止动作一直进行着。常常与表示一段时间的 aVsA5t\zi  
状语连用。例如: 8Yfg@"Tn  
I have been reading this novel the whole morning. < 8#Q5   
He has been studying English for years. P9h]B u  
He has been playing computer games since early morning. .R5[bXxe7  
注意:现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 $OOZ-+8  
1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。例如: I`Goc!5t  
They have been building a ship.(在进行中) *PQu9>1w  
They have built a ship.(已完成) %Ci`O hT  
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.(我还有很多信要写。) ^wesuW@=  
2)现在完成进行时能够表达情感。例如:I’ve been waiting there for about two hours! LDDeZY"xd  
(表达不满情绪) -WiOs;2~/  
II. 动词的语态 34S|[PX d  
英语中,语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“be + 动词的过去分词”构成。 A$*#n8 ,  
现以call为例将被动语态的不同时态列表如下: E+wd9/;  
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 qFEGV+  
现在 is/are/am called is/am/are being called have/has been called 5)X;q-  
过去 was/were called was/were being called had been called -<rQOPH%  
将来 shall/will be #sl_ BC9  
called !O=?n<Ex"  
------ shall/will have been called E({+2}=1  
应注意的事项: r(sQI# P  
1) 只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 m\a_0!K  
He was beat severely by the gunman. CNwYQe-i  
The cup was broken by Tom. /*g9drwaa  
2) 句子的谓语为动词短语改为被动语态时要注意保留完整的动词短语,不要丢掉介词  biwV7<  
或副词。例如: D(3\m)  
The child will be taken good care of when you are away. TMt,\g Td  
The meeting has been put off till June 1st. Cj~45)r  
3) 双宾语结构的句子改为被动语态,一般把间接宾语改为主语。如若把直接宾语改为 TBq;#+1W  
主语的话,注意表达方式的变化。例如: 2+KOUd&jS  
I gave him a new watch as a Christmas gift. (主动语态) G9?6qb:  
He was given a new watch (by me) as a Christmas gift. (被动语态) diXb8L7B;  
A new watch was given to him as a Christmas gift.(被动语态) $HjKELoJ<  
4) 不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补语的主动语态改为被动语态时,动词不定式还原to。 |~'D8 g:Ak  
常用的动词有:make, have, see, believe, notice, find 等。例如: &P8 Run  
We were made to work twelve hours a day. Jvi"K  
The old lady was seen to cross the road and come into a store. Izrf42 >k  
5) 表示被动的其他形式: Q _}i8p '  
A)“get +过去分词”。例如: qGndh  
She got her purse stolen. u15-|i{y7  
I must get my hair cut. >FtW~J"X  
B) need, require, want 这三个词的后面常用动名词的主动形式表被动或直接用动 xw60l&s.\L  
词不定式的被动形式表被动。例如: HnvE\t9`  
My electric fan needs fixing immediately. wg6![Uh  
My electric fan needs to be fixed immediately. .E !p  
C) 有些动词习惯上用主动形式表示被动意思。常用的词有:sell , open , close, wash, M1._{Jw5  
lock, read, shut, wear, write 例如: GD1=Fb"&)  
The book sells very well. ?p{xt$<p  
The parachute opens easily. i<D}"h|  
6) “It’s + 过去分词十主语从句”结构中,常用动词所构成的句式有: o l 67x  
It’s said (据说) ; It’s known (据悉) ; It’s reported (据报道) ; It’s claimed (据称) ; # k+Gg w  
It’s estimated (据估计) ; It’s supposed (据推测) 。 {8M=[4_`l  
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
免费考博论坛网址是什么? 正确答案:freekaobo.com
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交