(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 }&A!h
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。
6lw)L
2)基本用法 S]&f+g}&w
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 o1<Y#db[
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , 94 58.!3
seldom等。例如: A\p'
\@f
The sun rises in the east. "8}p>gS
He usually goes to work by bus. 4FURm@C6
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. . 4E5{F{~
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 6'CZfs\
如: {3n|=
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. V45A>#?U
The project starts early this year. |Iei!jm
There is a conference tonight. %(lr.9.]H
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: rTTde^^_
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. _8x:%$
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. 0#1hkJ"
2 、一般过去时 o
4G%m>$
1)构成:动词过去式 fA"N5qQI(
2)基本用法 /)RyRS8c
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: /+^7lQo\]
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 '5xIisP
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: l;{n"
F
He died five years ago. [7x,&
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. Mttt]]
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he ToMvP B);
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. #r5IwyL
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. Ff6l"
A5
3 、一般将来时 hr@c7/L
1)构成 Xwz9E!m
will +动词原形 ~N
"rr.w
2)基本用法 B=dF\.&Z
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 J,N='~kfh
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. &CP0T:h
3)表示将来时的其他形式 O7<- -
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 rl:6N*kK
明即将发生的事。例如: NsbC0
xLd
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. R=Qa54
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 Q\H1=8
可能性。例如: >~%!#,C(|U
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. )|52B;yZx
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 aTi2=HL=S
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: }jL_/gvgy
We're leaving on Friday. h\qQ%
|X
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. qH1k
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: Z\1*g k
He is about to retire. &P2tzY'
4 、现在进行时 TNi4H:\
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 .>X0 $#
2)基本用法 4k$i:st;
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: YJ6y]r
K2,
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. QmHj=s:x\
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. $*k(h|XfwW
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 .8.4!6~@
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: HACY
He is constantly complaining about his job. 3bWYRW
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. j<*
5 、现在完成时 *|Bu 7nwg
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 ejFGeR
2)基本用法 ^-wdIu~p?
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 0c
-.h
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since {zckY
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: #
dA-dN
We’ve just back. v0aV>-v
We have studied English for more than ten years. ;#i$5L!*B
He has lived here since 1995. hRU5CH/!
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. V(6*wQ`
&
Have you booked your hotel yet `d
,v
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 $.5f-vQp
(1)过去与现在的关系 ~[N"Q|D3Y
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 vC
[
uEx:
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 H^d2|E[D
造成的影响。 ?'8(']/
(2)时间状语不同 yIq.
m=
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, Au\j6mB
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till QjIn0MJ)Xm
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: W5SCm(QS5
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) ahUc;S:v#
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 G u4mP
开着的。) .7K<9K +P
6 、过去进行时 P}re"<MD
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 p"dK,A5#)
2)基本用法 ~u.((GM
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: dI%#cf1
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. q}+Fm?B
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. +EOd9.X\~
7 、过去完成时 oro^'#ki
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 ,7/F?!G!J
2)基本用法 sQ
aP:@
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 #wS/QrRE
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: Ve9*>6i&-4
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning ; !9-I%e
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. ,3,(/%=k
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. 7Ap==J{a
8 、过去将来时 RQ*oTsq
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 *%aWGAu:
2)基本用法 8`Iz%rw&(J
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 ,&ld:v?~
时的宾语从句中。例如: &57s//PrX
He said he would stop smoking next month. #HyE-|_
C
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. 6!
A+$"
9 、将来完成时 =8W'4MC
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 3q)y;T\yW
2)基本用法 ;hZ^zL
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: ,xOOR
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. =2&