(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 u!Z&c7kPI
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 w4OVfTlN
2)基本用法 s
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(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 =$m|M
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间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , s:jwwE2
seldom等。例如: *mYec~
The sun rises in the east. `: 8&m
He usually goes to work by bus. ?D.]c;PR
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. !u^(<.xJ
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 #hai3>9|B
如: .G^.kg ,
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. k -SUp8}g
The project starts early this year. MPT[f
There is a conference tonight. bNqjjg
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: pdE=9l'
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. 0n1y$*I4
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. {&/q
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2 、一般过去时 U'@_fg
1)构成:动词过去式 Jl}$)'
2)基本用法 nOOA5Gz
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: \
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yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 Chjth"
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: =6? 3c\
He died five years ago. 0|d%@
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. -PxA~((g5
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he W$,c]/u|
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. $ZE OE8.\
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. C7PHZ`<
3 、一般将来时 e\/Lcng
1)构成 /\2 s%b*
will +动词原形 HmQuRW
2)基本用法 ]` 3;8,
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 VN*^pAzlF
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon.
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3)表示将来时的其他形式 RM,r0Kv17Y
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 VTD'D+t
明即将发生的事。例如: _t3n<
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. pnDD9u-4;
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 ~GMlnA]6
可能性。例如: >`u} G1T\
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. .|cQ0:B[
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 kyz_r6
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: 7LKNEll
We're leaving on Friday. s4t>/.;x
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. |UE&M3S
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: u|APx8?"o
He is about to retire. FjVC&+c
4 、现在进行时 a+IU<O-J?
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 *cJ GrLC
2)基本用法 zR">'bM:
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: 'ym/@h7h
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. ,H\EPmNHK
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. *tO7A$LDT
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 T/UhZ4(V
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: A)&OR]0[
He is constantly complaining about his job. u\.7#D>
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. j;)U5X
5 、现在完成时 o"J}@nF
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 Zm^4p{I%o*
2)基本用法 T[;O K
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 St^
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去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since 7xz|u\?_2
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: Ft#d&
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We’ve just back. he;&KzEu
We have studied English for more than ten years. |#Z
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He has lived here since 1995. M9[Fx=
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I have played the piano since 1 came to England. A90oX1l
Have you booked your hotel yet $RfM}!7?
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 %c*azo.
(1)过去与现在的关系 '!I^Lfz-Z
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 )#N)w5DU
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 eR4%4gW)
造成的影响。 a=+qR:wT
(2)时间状语不同
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一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, qCi6kEr
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till $WI=a-;_e
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: "qYPi
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) Q-k{Lqa-
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 >
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开着的。) 5zWxI]4d\
6 、过去进行时 u[$ \
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1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 tIR"y:U+
2)基本用法 `9}\kn-</8
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: eZ#nZB
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. {f3&s4xj=
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. Sp3?I2 o
7 、过去完成时 {{7%z4l
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 /B7
3|KB+
2)基本用法 @-|{qP=Dy
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 Yq-N
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时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: t84(k zcC
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning 2iYf)MC
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. Yj99[
c#]
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. Bt[OGa(q
8 、过去将来时 d~1Nct$:
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 {_ti*#
2)基本用法 0vbiq
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 /R7qR#
时的宾语从句中。例如: !g{9]"Z1T
He said he would stop smoking next month. l ps
6lnh
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. I%.KFPV
9 、将来完成时 oace!si
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 W&