医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 Y!SD^Ie7!  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） f",B;C  
记分标准如下： t!PFosFp  
2\7]EW  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 H6~QSe0l  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。  v7g-M  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 ?.4u'Dkn=  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ^+}<Q#y-  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 - @  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 s(zG.7*3n  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： lte~26=e  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； HC$_p,9OV  
　　2） 语法基本正确； j| 257D  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； {gJOc,U4b  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； n0EKNMO  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 V+E2nJ  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 af>
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7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 &oAuh?kTq  
考生出现的问题 9g>ay-W[(  
不会审题 %]NbTT
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用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 >bmL;)mc&  
用词搭配不当。 Iy"   
词汇量小，拼写困难。 rJR"[TTJ  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 `m3C\\9;  
Our English class often told stories. 7|H !(a'  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. 4,uH 4[7  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 Ll&Y_Ry  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. pnVtjWrbG  
语法错误。 &x\u.wIa  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 +   
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； jH\@Oc;7  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 ]W]Vkkg]  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 1 aIJ0#nE  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 rW!P ~yk  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 $UKV2c  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： C  <]rY  
It is often said that… % &{>oEQ  
Generally speaking… O /aC%%  
As the proverb says… (l9U7^S"{K  
It goes without saying that… T*O!r`.Ak  
It is clear/obvious that… ^-mz!{  
Mary people often ask … 9fyk7~V  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： w#]%I+  
It is true that… '^n2
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Everybody knows that… n omtP }  
It can be easily proved that… Hz!+g'R!Gs  
No one can deny that… 61b,+'-  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… bvs0y7M='  
The chief reason why …is that … hAKyT~[n0  
We must recognize that… lzw3 x  
There is no doubt that… p
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I am of the opinion that… 8kX3.X`  
This can expressed as follows… Hk(w\   
To take…for an example (instance) … 8&f}GdZh  
Therefore we should realize that … )%f]`<o  
We have reason to believe that… _ i.CvYe  
We know that… tihb38gE  
What is more serious is that… Ds$FO}KD{  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： L*Xn!d%  
Another special consideration in this case is that … ^s_E|~U  
Besides, we should not neglect that… &>p2N  
However, … .9S  
But the problem is not so simple, … 45W:b/n\  
Therefore… R1\cAP^0  
But it is a pity that… aG?'F`UQ  
On the other hand, … g=:%j5?.e  
I do not believe that… )j]S;Mr  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… 0`3ey*  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… &B/cy<;y,  
Though we are in basic agreement with … &H-39;?u  
The trouble seems that… gXE'3  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… (3&@c!E  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… N"2P&Ho]  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： mAX]m1s  
In a word, … fI t:eKHr  
In sum, … ak;fCx&  
In conclusion, … )jn|+M  
From this point of view, … HEhdV
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On account of this we can find that … b^;19]/RW  
The result is dependent on … ec)G~?F H  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… D-8%lGS
 
Thus, this is the reason why we must… V89!C?.[]1  
　　2.句子连接 lva]jh2  
　　(1)“启” Q{Jz;
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in the first place at present Z=L' [6  
currently it goes without saying that m32OE`s  
lately first '.#KkvE##  
first of all now yaa+j8s]  
presently firstly fFqK.^Tn  
generally recently '_4u, \SG  
in the beginning to begin with ST'L \yebc  
to start with in general "k "q)5c  
　　(2)“承” ~g;(`g  
after a few days after a while ahhVl=9/ao  
also at any arte ]zhFFq`  
at the same time besides RC ND|X  
by this time certainly YEXJh!X  
consequently for example $*MjNj2  
for instance for this purpose bqS*WgMY-  
from now on furthermore hh
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in addition in addition to… )qzJu*c Q  
in fact in other words D4c}z#}*0  
in particular in the same manner IgptiZ7~!  
incidentally indeed 4Qz  
meanwhile moreover 7`~h'(k  
no doubt obviously UDt.w82  
of course particularly :uu\q7@'  
second secondly 3-hu'xSU  
similarly so $qP9EZ]JC  
soon still 8ft
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then third fx99@%Ii  
thirdly truly b1\z&IdC  
unlike… what is more v\n!Li H  
　　(3)“转” `5O<U~'d  
after all all the same !}l)okQH<#  
anyway at the same time U%t:]6d&}  
but by this time j<"0ym)A  
conversely despite… TG{=~2  
especially… fortunately >|.jG_s  
however in other words v srce  
in particular in spite of… ;Zw!  
in the same way likewise Z!wDh_  
luckily nevertheless xDRK^nmC  
no doubt not withstanding … y;;^o6Gnw  
on the contrary on the other hand l"CHI*  
otherwise perhaps… 43,- t_jV  
unfortunately unlike… ,(OA5%A9zK  
whereas… yet WuSRA<{P  
nonetheless as a matter of fact Z TjlGU `  
(4)“合” |I)MsNF  
above all accordingly wUh'1D<(r  
as a consequence as a result gRSM~<  
as has been noted as I have said T/-PSfbkj  
at last at length |+suGqo  
by and large briefly }eEF/o  
by doing so consequently @B7;
  
eventually finally 2>ce(4Gky  
hence in brief GrVvOJr  
in conclusion in short NawnC!~ $  
on the whole therefore ,i>5\Yl%  
thus to speak frankly 4&$hBn=!  
to sum up to summarize 6l:CDPhR  
indeed surely A3C<9wXx  
to conclude obviously "84.qgYaG  
certainly truly ~Z.lvdA_5  
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常用句型 J*a`qU   
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 >"z
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1. In general, I don’t agree with +~w '?vNc  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. _F,@mQ$!  
3. The chief reason why… is that… !Aj_r^[X`  
4.There is no true that… BO
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5. It is not true that… `lcpUWn  
6. It can be easily denied than… pZjyzH{~  
7. We have no reason to believe that… DC[-<:B  
8. What is more serious is that… 5:^dyF&sm{  
9. But it is pity that… r
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10. Besides, we should not neglect that… &qr
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11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… &W".fRH_O  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… Tvf]OJ9N  
13. Perhaps I was question why… Hr96sN.R   
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 7CrWsQl u  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but ;rd!kFd#bq  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… a&PoUwG  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… )9L1WOGi  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… }tc,3>/  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… d:<{!}BR3  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… VPtA %1  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … Yx XDRb\kW  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. E hd*  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. [dOPOA/d  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. %<I 0-o  
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用于描写图表和数据 QJGRi  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. b>
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2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. @36^4E>h  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. \*d@_oQ$  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 8l;0)`PU  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. pwU]r  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. hMi!H.EX.  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. RQ}x7</{  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. _%Mu{Ni&  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. ?G
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10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. eJ2[=L
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11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… Tje =vI  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 6q6&N'We  
1.Everybody knows that… _qJ[~'m<^C  
2.It can be easily proved that… HHa7Kh|-H  
3. It is true that… [-vd]ob  
4. No one can deny that ^x:4%%Q]l  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 0#sk]Qz  
6. The chief reason is that… 83;1L:}`  
7. We must recognize that… |w /txn8G|  
8. There is on doubt that… YM+}Mmu  
9. I am of the opinion that… +S0A`rL  
10. This can be expressed as follows; *b7HtUA  
11. To take …for an example… OdwSNG  
12. We have reason to believe that )k29mqa`  
13. Now that we know that… R!}B^DVt  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… ][wS}~):  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that }[ux4cd8Y  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… ?R"5 .3  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… A(;J  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… E3NYUHfZ  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… |W*f
6F3  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… >fs-_ >1d  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… V!"^6)  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… JR7~|ov  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… W,AIE6F  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. T']*h8  
y~ ^>my7G  
用于文章的开头 K"-N:OV  
1. As the proverb says… 1T}|c;fc  
2. It goes without saying tan… 3%|<U51  
3. Generally speaking… |W:kzTT-T  
4. It is quite clear than because… ~}4H=[Zu  
5. It is often said that … y7,~7f!N2  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” u!L8Sv  
7. More and more people have come to realize… ~Ycz(h'(  
8. There is no doubt that… ;F~GKn;}  
9. Some people believe that… H~Q UN  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? T("Fh}  
11. One great man said that… y=
  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. 9iS3.LCfX  
13. In the past several years there has been… 8yztVdh  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… _Q.3X[88C  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… @Cqg2  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 39~fP)  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … HJg)c;u/2;  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. XTZWbhNF  
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用于文章的结尾 WWE?U-o  
1. from this point of view… j&8~X2?*  
2. in a word… If4YqBG  
3. in conclusion… Eda sGCo  
4. on account of this we can find that… |
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5. the result is dependent on… df8rf8 B-  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: GSpS8wWD }  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… jv_sRV  
8. to sum up … r-Dcc;+=Q  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… OQ[>s(`*{  
10. It is obvious that… f#X`e'1  
11. There is little doubt that… oMMU5sm  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful }^LcKV  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. ;=uHK'{  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… E,C<ox4e  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… yUH8  
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用于论证和说明 Ir}&|"~H
 
1. As it is described that… xX"?3%y>  
2. It has been illustrated that… &
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3. It provides a good example of… #Q$4EQB  
4. We may cite another instance of… E+7S:B  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… 0tsll1  
6. A number of further facts may be added… Box,N5AA  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. wkd591d*  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… q_oYI3  
9. According to the statistics provided … _k j51=  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… vys*=48g  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 8^4X/n  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… Tzk8y7$[  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… z%;\ q$  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… N?pD"re)6  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… L>@6lhD)x  
16. All the facts suggest that… 0kiW629o  
17. No one can deny the fact that… ipb
VQ7  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… )8Q|y  
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