医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 klmbbLc
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英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） l/?bXNt  
记分标准如下： cm!vuoB~~  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 Wu,=jL3?$A  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 ?RE"<L  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 5> 81Vhc,  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 Cf 202pF3y  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 Nt tu)wr  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 S!-t{Q+j^  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： auB+g'l  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； 2(Xu?W 7d  
　　2） 语法基本正确； akj#.aYk  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； c*w0Jz>@.7  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； "MPS&OK  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 Vf(..
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6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 \"I418T K  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 MO1H?Uhx  
考生出现的问题 E.B6u, Te  
不会审题  ?nJv f  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 n-?zH:]GG{  
用词搭配不当。 TCgW^iu  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 \+ Es e-la  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 .5~3D97X&  
Our English class often told stories. )*}?EI4.  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. yJw.z#bB#  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 #|V)>")  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. qus%?B{b}  
语法错误。 ?wIw$p>wT  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 
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　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； z@<jZM  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 5o^\jTEl^  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 WxJaE;`Ige  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 T0o0_R  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 i"^ yy+  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： !@h)3f]`1G  
It is often said that… (AG((eV  
Generally speaking… sZ"(#g;3<  
As the proverb says… gP ^A  
It goes without saying that… 8y4t9V  
It is clear/obvious that… ( s51GRC  
Mary people often ask … 0,cU^HMA  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： d(vt0  
It is true that… z>*\nomOn=  
Everybody knows that… K:$GmV9o  
It can be easily proved that… E
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No one can deny that… _]< Tv3]RK  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… F~GIfJU  
The chief reason why …is that … a!&<jM  
We must recognize that… &!>.)I`  
There is no doubt that… &'m&'wDt:  
I am of the opinion that… ka$la;e3  
This can expressed as follows… qjN*oM,  
To take…for an example (instance) … fKkS_c 2  
Therefore we should realize that … C5TC@w1*  
We have reason to believe that… 6"2IV  
We know that… W#L/|K!S  
What is more serious is that… s[t?At->  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ^= qL[S6/M  
Another special consideration in this case is that … %\1W0%w  
Besides, we should not neglect that… xE6hE'rh.O  
However, … <@>l9_ =R  
But the problem is not so simple, … <SSkCw  
Therefore… `dgZ`#  
But it is a pity that… nCLEAe$W\=  
On the other hand, … b%xG^jUXsX  
I do not believe that… *dxE (dP  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… @lCyH(c%  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… dM;v39  
Though we are in basic agreement with … j;EH[3  
The trouble seems that… scy_  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… k a*#O"}L8  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many…
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　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： ;eW\41w  
In a word, … [G"Va_A8  
In sum, … fN6n2*wr(  
In conclusion, … `r&]Ydu:  
From this point of view, … IJDE{)  
On account of this we can find that … lLS7K8;4W  
The result is dependent on … !iW>xo  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… )D&xyC}  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… #GzowI'  
　　2.句子连接 H`rd bE  
　　(1)“启” EKEJ9Y+47H  
in the first place at present M<P8u`)>4H  
currently it goes without saying that <,y> W!  
lately first Yw_!40`  
first of all now I5ZM U  
presently firstly xL"O~jTS  
generally recently KCnm_4  
in the beginning to begin with .sD=k3d  
to start with in general od^ylg>K  
　　(2)“承” zpZfsn!  
after a few days after a while eg24.W9c  
also at any arte Z{1B:aW  
at the same time besides <(i5hmuVd  
by this time certainly n/S+0uT  
consequently for example I+ Y{_yw"f  
for instance for this purpose jw P5pu  
from now on furthermore JX{_,2*$  
in addition in addition to… YL
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in fact in other words }b/P\1#z  
in particular in the same manner 4is
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incidentally indeed JfmYr47Pv  
meanwhile moreover I5 qrHBJ >  
no doubt obviously 'xEK0~awD  
of course particularly n~.$
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second secondly KC)}Mzt6_  
similarly so bc3`x1)\^  
soon still T"<)B^8f  
then third 'u~0rMe4})  
thirdly truly |gIE$rt-~W  
unlike… what is more 3#Bb4\_v  
　　(3)“转” dqs~K7O^E  
after all all the same !F.h+&^D
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anyway at the same time *if z@8C }  
but by this time e~d=e3mBp  
conversely despite… ~9E_L?TW*  
especially… fortunately [:cvy[}v@  
however in other words Rc &m4|cw7  
in particular in spite of… tym:C7v%~  
in the same way likewise AI`k }sA~  
luckily nevertheless Ka_;~LS>(  
no doubt not withstanding … _{-[1-lN5_  
on the contrary on the other hand gu+zfvkcY  
otherwise perhaps… Fj]06~u  
unfortunately unlike… {
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whereas… yet WTJ{ M$  
nonetheless as a matter of fact lo(
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(4)“合” (zsv!U  
above all accordingly OF+4Mq  
as a consequence as a result rQyjNh  
as has been noted as I have said DA.k8M  
at last at length N2"B\  
by and large briefly v"W*@7<`S  
by doing so consequently "ayV8{m^3  
eventually finally 1P*hC<  
hence in brief d?T!)w  
in conclusion in short 6#!CBY^{  
on the whole therefore %l
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thus to speak frankly ao"2kqa)r  
to sum up to summarize >%om[]0E  
indeed surely Cj<8r S4+  
to conclude obviously Z|%h-~  
certainly truly YLGE{bS  
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常用句型 {0Y6jk>I  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 Y=O+d\_W  
1. In general, I don’t agree with W
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2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. ~TEn +  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 94BH{9b5  
4.There is no true that… YM:sLeQ~c  
5. It is not true that… Z%]K,9K
 
6. It can be easily denied than… H.ksI;,  
7. We have no reason to believe that… $jg[6`L$  
8. What is more serious is that… f7~dn#<@  
9. But it is pity that… <VKJ+  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… fq6Obh=A#  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… ~3?-l/$  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… EGUlLqP6e  
13. Perhaps I was question why… ,%*UF6B M  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 1fS&KO{a  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but kg]6q T;Y  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… |6JKB'  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… )bOfs*S  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… =#Sw.N  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… m7'<k1#"Y  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… U] sAYp^$  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … LUMbRrD-  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. #XDgvX >  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. !Zj]0,^  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. &L+uu',M0c  
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用于描写图表和数据 ,*
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1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. z3+@[I$  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 9;e!r DW,#  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 8Agg%*Qs}  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. {=ox1+d  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 90<
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6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. k."p&  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. WPL@
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8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. 5g7@Dj,.  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. Jbu2y'zE  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. AEyvljv  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… UY< PiP  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 4nsJZo#S/  
1.Everybody knows that… WA`A/`taT  
2.It can be easily proved that…
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3. It is true that… a `R%\@1  
4. No one can deny that ,|]JaZq  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… ==dKC;  
6. The chief reason is that… n3a.)tcC  
7. We must recognize that… 1F@ j?)(  
8. There is on doubt that… }UhYwJf89  
9. I am of the opinion that… vF27+/2+R  
10. This can be expressed as follows; =>
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11. To take …for an example… za_b jE  
12. We have reason to believe that nuce(R  
13. Now that we know that… ^m qEKy<
 
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… |[*Bn3E:  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that  <`}P
 
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… uZ+bo&  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… j6m;0
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18. Perhaps the primary reason is… p#@#$u-  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… 40t xZFQ0  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… QZzamT)"  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… QQ(}71U  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… ?KC
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23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… pXk^EV0  
24. Different people observes it in different ways.
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用于文章的开头 '75T2Ud  
1. As the proverb says… %* "+kwZ  
2. It goes without saying tan… [YDSS/  
3. Generally speaking… kKX' Y+  
4. It is quite clear than because… QaWS%0go  
5. It is often said that … Xq TguO'  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” '}.
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7. More and more people have come to realize… ">H
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8. There is no doubt that… t<H"J__&  
9. Some people believe that… .U1wVIM  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? zx.
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11. One great man said that… Itl8#LpLM  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. |2
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13. In the past several years there has been… dOhSqx56  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… -&Rv=q>  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… pj>R9zpn_  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… _#8hg
wf>  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … }`tSRB7  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. >*- %:ub  

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用于文章的结尾 n Bu!2c  
1. from this point of view… H/,KY/>i  
2. in a word… aKI"<%PNn  
3. in conclusion… iJs~NLCgVu  
4. on account of this we can find that… 8`4M
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5. the result is dependent on… x 
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6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: o E+'@  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… B%F]K<  
8. to sum up … WtM%(8Y[]  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… X4;U4pU#  
10. It is obvious that… egoR])2>  
11. There is little doubt that… c{q+h V=  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful
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13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. vq$6e*A  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… ~D52b1f  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 0seCQANd  
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用于论证和说明 <A3%182  
1. As it is described that… c`O
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2. It has been illustrated that… =G-OIu+H!U  
3. It provides a good example of… l}nVWuD  
4. We may cite another instance of… ZrN(Mp  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… ^y5A\nz&  
6. A number of further facts may be added… >y%H2][  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. y_X6{}Ke  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… n Kkpp-  
9. According to the statistics provided … F^dJ{<yX  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… =*UK!y?n  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… /T _M't@j  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… E$"NOR  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… ?2@^O=I  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… J=A)]YE  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… vC]X>P5Px  
16. All the facts suggest that… V,r~%p  
17. No one can deny the fact that… \Ec<ch[)c  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… gawY{Jr8I  
"P! .5B  
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