医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 paYz[Xq  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） +U=KXv  
记分标准如下： ~,G]glu8  
 .
pKN4  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 AgCs;k&IG  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 `OLB';D  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 U TS{H  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 |DGCdB|`G  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 'rh\CA/}D  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 T"B8;|  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： K_FBy  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； ja:\W\xhJ  
　　2） 语法基本正确； _UaPwJ  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； U#$:\fT  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； 0*{@E%9  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 pdy+h{] 3  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 @NBXyC8,Z  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 .;j"+Ef   
考生出现的问题 . *Z#cq0  
不会审题 hOV_Oqe4?  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。  @}Pw0vC  
用词搭配不当。 ?SB5b,  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 (s.o  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 Mc.^s  
Our English class often told stories. cx<h_  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. B piEAwh  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 OfW%&LA MQ  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. ;,R[]B01u  
语法错误。 \?[O,A   
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 *pY/5? g  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； &#$2;-q8+  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 wX@H &)<s  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 I<I C-k"Y  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 #V,LNX)  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 E`U&Z  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： Al)lWD}j2g  
It is often said that… oM-b96  
Generally speaking… ^V_ku@DY  
As the proverb says… RT1{+:l  
It goes without saying that… -Cg`x=G;z  
It is clear/obvious that… /vMQF+  
Mary people often ask … "tEj`eR  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： VZAuUw+M  
It is true that… gF$1wV]e  
Everybody knows that… v/QEu^C  
It can be easily proved that… nYmf(DV  
No one can deny that… 3Pw%[q=g  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… "TEBByO'  
The chief reason why …is that … uZo]8mV  
We must recognize that… _Ac/ir[,:  
There is no doubt that… 7*R{u*/e  
I am of the opinion that… "it`X B.  
This can expressed as follows… WV5r$   
To take…for an example (instance) … y
aCd4KP  
Therefore we should realize that … >eYU$/80  
We have reason to believe that… tg4LE?nv
 
We know that… IBn'iE[>  
What is more serious is that… (CKhY~,/u  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： n23%[#,r  
Another special consideration in this case is that … (**-"o]HH  
Besides, we should not neglect that… G.A=hGw  
However, … ~z-?rW  
But the problem is not so simple, … DctX9U(  
Therefore… ej)B R'*  
But it is a pity that… AQJ|^'%  
On the other hand, … .b!OZ  
I do not believe that… "u3fs2  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… wsdB; 6%$  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 1Ovx$*  
Though we are in basic agreement with … E-BOIy,  
The trouble seems that… vu !j{%GO  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… +j)-L  \  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… !9ceCnwbNN  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： i4{ /  
In a word, … &"~,V6,q  
In sum, …
.>AFf9P  
In conclusion, … ;:8jxkx6%  
From this point of view, … Sh~ 8jEk  
On account of this we can find that … vJ#rW8y  
The result is dependent on … [7SI<xkv  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… <.?^LT  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… 1A)wbH)  
　　2.句子连接 8`rAE_n`%  
　　(1)“启” {=pP`HD0  
in the first place at present R"8})a gw  
currently it goes without saying that gs`27Gih  
lately first =oKPMmpCZ  
first of all now )P(d66yq'u  
presently firstly ^~YmLI4  
generally recently :`Zl\!]E`o  
in the beginning to begin with 9^C!,A{u4  
to start with in general Tg{dIh.Q~O  
　　(2)“承” c-3YSrY  
after a few days after a while [w#x5Xs
n  
also at any arte (-G(^Tn  
at the same time besides [<3Q$*Ew  
by this time certainly B#Oc8`1Y  
consequently for example 40l#'< y;  
for instance for this purpose g^<q L|  
from now on furthermore V;(*\"O  
in addition in addition to… 1+PNy d  
in fact in other words 6Kv}2M')+  
in particular in the same manner "`1of8$X7  
incidentally indeed #9W5
 
meanwhile moreover U~zN*2-  
no doubt obviously ;6&=]I  
of course particularly C{I8Pio{b  
second secondly DHujpZXQ  
similarly so h+'eFAZ  
soon still (=&bo p  
then third li'1RKr  
thirdly truly ^$s~qQQ}B  
unlike… what is more *mhw5Z=!  
　　(3)“转” |~"A:gf  
after all all the same :z,vJ~PW  
anyway at the same time pfn#~gC_=  
but by this time R;-FZ@u/  
conversely despite… {pJ@I=q  
especially… fortunately fM[fS?W  
however in other words ,DUQto  
in particular in spite of… %IH|zSr)EM  
in the same way likewise AYQh=$)(  
luckily nevertheless 'FA)LuAok  
no doubt not withstanding … eq 1 4  
on the contrary on the other hand 6%hEs6-R  
otherwise perhaps… lo;9sTUHT  
unfortunately unlike… 1X_!%Z  
whereas… yet Va[dZeoy  
nonetheless as a matter of fact Wes"t}[25  
(4)“合” % |Gzht\  
above all accordingly &\D< n;3  
as a consequence as a result d.(]V2X.J  
as has been noted as I have said }6{ )Jv  
at last at length `[u>NEb  
by and large briefly )^@V*$D  
by doing so consequently R \=\6("  
eventually finally 73Zs/  
hence in brief u2m{Y
x|  
in conclusion in short BCDf9]X  
on the whole therefore 8[P6c;\  
thus to speak frankly .xQ'^
P_q  
to sum up to summarize <T~fh>a  
indeed surely Q2WrB+/  
to conclude obviously $<DA[ %pv  
certainly truly >-WOw  
T7nX8{l[RG  
常用句型 !x /Z"  
Jy NY *  
用于反驳性和比较性论文 weadY,-H8  
1. In general, I don’t agree with ( w  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. ~g|0uO}.  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 5Jd {Ev  
4.There is no true that… m&c(N  
5. It is not true that… $ aBSr1  
6. It can be easily denied than… JT_B@TO\  
7. We have no reason to believe that… nezbmpL4  
8. What is more serious is that… A>@epCD  
9. But it is pity that… <T[ui  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… X,CFY  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… nECf2>Yp v  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… [,X,2  
13. Perhaps I was question why… UHHKI)(  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… HaUo+,=  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but l[{}ZKZ  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… ="E V@H?U  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… <Wq{ V;$  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… }
-iOYSn  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… K7Tell\`  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… 'mR+W{r  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … 1"PE@!
]  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. Uwa1)Lwn  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. =LA@E&,j  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. 3&:fS|L~c  
YJsi5  
用于描写图表和数据 uMZf9XUE  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. ;Nij*-U4~  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. }Cf[nGh|B  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. NQ=YT RU  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. kJFHUR  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 4N: ;Mo&B  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. Ry3 f'gx  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. F tjm@:X  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. #IDCCD^1=  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. w7u >|x!  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. PD
4E&k  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… b"9,DQB=i  
{Wo7=a
R  
用于解释性和阐述性论说文 1YL5 ![T  
1.Everybody knows that… ~G:7*:[b  
2.It can be easily proved that… Y1IlH8+0  
3. It is true that… fO nvC*  
4. No one can deny that ?C3cPt"  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… =ndKG5  
6. The chief reason is that… t`B']Ac;T  
7. We must recognize that… (=9&"UH  
8. There is on doubt that… RUKSGj_NJ  
9. I am of the opinion that… !)34tu2  
10. This can be expressed as follows; p6'8l~W+  
11. To take …for an example… VWa (@A  
12. We have reason to believe that .<dmdqk]  
13. Now that we know that… 2Fi*)\{  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… (i8t^  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that )VC) }  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… (6nw8vQ  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… 6tg uy  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… :F&WlU$L  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… AK HH{_  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… "T|\  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… #eYVZ=E  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… WmA578|l!  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… nP^$p C  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. zu#o<6E{  
"|if<
hx+  
用于文章的开头 DZue.or  
1. As the proverb says… i7FEjjGtG  
2. It goes without saying tan… \+xsJbEV  
3. Generally speaking… $4&Ql  
4. It is quite clear than because… $Tg$FfD6&  
5. It is often said that … U,'n}]=4A3  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” 2xX7dl(cC  
7. More and more people have come to realize… q`P:PRgM  
8. There is no doubt that… cF6|IlhO  
9. Some people believe that… \cG'3\GI  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? >EY
0-B  
11. One great man said that… wrbDb p1L  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. yFSL7`p+  
13. In the past several years there has been… 5 F-Q&  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… om1 / 9  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… pfT7  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… AF @C9 s  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … ?Rdi"{.wI  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. =["GnL*!0  
mS0W@#|K  
用于文章的结尾 gnQd#`  
1. from this point of view… 4T:ZEvdzf  
2. in a word… _#+i;$cO-X  
3. in conclusion… 2,+H;Ypi!  
4. on account of this we can find that… xRfX:3  
5. the result is dependent on… -a3C3!!  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: YW*ti|u|w  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… >a<;)K^1  
8. to sum up … q bo`E!K  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… w"~T5%p  
10. It is obvious that… e.N#+  
11. There is little doubt that… #u~8 Txt  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful %n^]1R#  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. t4h* re+  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 5lT lZRH1  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 7*sB"_U2  
139_\=5|U/  
用于论证和说明 hGsYu)  
1. As it is described that…
q N>j2~  
2. It has been illustrated that… NOvN8.K%  
3. It provides a good example of… Na4\)({  
4. We may cite another instance of… d;`JDT  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… bFcI\Q{4  
6. A number of further facts may be added… \Q]7Hw<  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. =cxjb,r  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… '2eggX%  
9. According to the statistics provided … OmsNo0OA  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… uKK+V6}!kj  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… LVX.stN#p  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… J=  T!  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… $. Ih-   
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 7"1M3P5*8  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… o<Q~pd#Ip,  
16. All the facts suggest that… l2i[wc"9  
17. No one can deny the fact that… opd^|xx0  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… Zv-#v  
}5EvBEv-)  
[p:1]

给力