医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 u04kF^  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） <L8'!q}  
记分标准如下： )q8pk2  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 f<d`B]$(  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 1#< '&Lr  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。  UD2C>1j  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 wd8l$*F*  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 N/"{.3{W  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 Z&+ g;
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因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： On9A U:\  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； P~>OS5^  
　　2） 语法基本正确； #wwH m3  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； _Xe>V0  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； O:;w3u7;u  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 l*(8i ^  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 K7_UP&`=J  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 MzdV2.  
考生出现的问题 99e.n0  
不会审题 8Z8gRcv{p  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 C!<Ou6}!b  
用词搭配不当。 ~D j8z+^  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 we//|fA<  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 q_[o"wq/  
Our English class often told stories. Y8~"vuIE5  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. f64 3#1  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 ?=Z?6fw  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English.  ~d.Y& b  
语法错误。 {BN#h[#B{  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 :D5R
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　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； `,< B Cu  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 e'NJnPO  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 gh]cXuph  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 lfow1WRF  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 Z"xvh81P  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： =4YhG;%  
It is often said that… 03X1d-  
Generally speaking… Naf0)3q>!  
As the proverb says… -=Q*Ml#I  
It goes without saying that… z2~til  
It is clear/obvious that… L,/%f<wd  
Mary people often ask … iOghb*aW  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： Dw.J2>uj  
It is true that… VscE^'+  
Everybody knows that… )mT<MkP  
It can be easily proved that… U?Zq6_M&  
No one can deny that… kVMg 1I@  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… -GrE}L  
The chief reason why …is that … ! n@KU!&k  
We must recognize that… =8. ,43+  
There is no doubt that… E{`fF8]K  
I am of the opinion that… IOmfF[  
This can expressed as follows… +I|vzz`ZVr  
To take…for an example (instance) … X.{S*E:$u  
Therefore we should realize that … :4/3q|cn  
We have reason to believe that… db7B^|Di  
We know that… {4Cmu;u  
What is more serious is that… dR,fXQm  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： $%#!bV  
Another special consideration in this case is that … ]2KihP8z x  
Besides, we should not neglect that… $<EM+oJ|ER  
However, … n
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But the problem is not so simple, … VpDbHAg  
Therefore… 5U$0F$BBp  
But it is a pity that… )3EY;  
On the other hand, … mCVFS=8V  
I do not believe that… 9rf)gU3{+L  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… <0!):zraS  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… Tyx_/pJT  
Though we are in basic agreement with … lt8|9"9<  
The trouble seems that… 1mG-}  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… F={a;Dvrn  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… %7+qnH*;r  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： 37o;;
 
In a word, … U>N1Od4vTO  
In sum, … T_4/C2  
In conclusion, … $xN|5;+  
From this point of view, … }pkzH'$HJ  
On account of this we can find that … S"H2 7  
The result is dependent on … 4.t-i5
  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… /%^#8<=|U  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… >z@0.pN]7  
　　2.句子连接 PEZ!n.'S  
　　(1)“启” fz "Y CHe  
in the first place at present \'O" ~W  
currently it goes without saying that =T7.~W  
lately first _H@DLhH|=  
first of all now X"%gQ.1|{j  
presently firstly
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generally recently Iu=(qU  
in the beginning to begin with Lr pM\}t  
to start with in general 1?l1:}^L  
　　(2)“承” N8df8=.kw  
after a few days after a while 0w7DsPdS  
also at any arte oQJtUP%  
at the same time besides cH2K )~  
by this time certainly GTHt'[t@;  
consequently for example I7]8Y=xf  
for instance for this purpose v`T c}c '  
from now on furthermore <:CkgR$/{  
in addition in addition to… :g/tZd$G5  
in fact in other words <C*hokqqP  
in particular in the same manner Q+{n-? :  
incidentally indeed |DwZ{(R"W  
meanwhile moreover uXiN~j &Be  
no doubt obviously t_1LL >R  
of course particularly v"0J&7!J  
second secondly /gas2k==^  
similarly so %a7$QF]  
soon still x?<FJ"8"k  
then third vP,n(reM  
thirdly truly G#$-1"!`  
unlike… what is more '5tCz9}Y  
　　(3)“转” h2QmQ>y"  
after all all the same CvdN"k  
anyway at the same time wuo,kM  
but by this time ),!q
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conversely despite…  Fk;Rfqq  
especially… fortunately qg$ <oL@~~  
however in other words #0<XNLM  
in particular in spite of… [fyLV`  
in the same way likewise rT>wg1:  
luckily nevertheless C_Wc5{  
no doubt not withstanding … OZ&o:/*HM  
on the contrary on the other hand phz&zlD  
otherwise perhaps… &nK<:^n  
unfortunately unlike… ")25 qZae  
whereas… yet }K9H^H@r!  
nonetheless as a matter of fact *z2s$EZ  
(4)“合” >-c8q]()ly  
above all accordingly T^q 0'#/  
as a consequence as a result fXB0j;A  
as has been noted as I have said ?@89lLD  
at last at length paMa+jhQQ  
by and large briefly A2Tw<&Tw(  
by doing so consequently aQ~s`^D  
eventually finally !!ya  
hence in brief Q@HV- (A  
in conclusion in short !&\INl-Z  
on the whole therefore -$@h1Y
 
thus to speak frankly E} .^kc[(4  
to sum up to summarize 92-I~ !d  
indeed surely O H7FkR  
to conclude obviously S[QrS7  
certainly truly !o-@&q  
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常用句型 4.(4x&  
CQ2jP G*py  
用于反驳性和比较性论文 YoE3<[KD(  
1. In general, I don’t agree with 9ll~~zF99|  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. lRdChoL$2  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 5:Uso
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4.There is no true that… -{_PuJ "  
5. It is not true that… 3N:D6
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6. It can be easily denied than… Np)lI
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7. We have no reason to believe that… 9C i-v/M]  
8. What is more serious is that… \(T/O~b2  
9. But it is pity that… c:g'.'/*  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… kNL\m[W8$  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… 4`R(?  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… .[ mRM  
13. Perhaps I was question why… X8`Sf>  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… >OK^D+ v"j  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 3k?X-|O8AZ  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… ]+$?u&0?w  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… =I~mKn  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… 2Hv+W-6v  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… , v&(YOd  
20. What these people fail to consider is that…  f V(J|  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … xP,hTE  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. V470C@  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. Xs?o{]Fe  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. @OHm#`~  
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用于描写图表和数据 2 Vrw  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. AzxXB  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 6MkP |vr6  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995.
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4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. +?!(G}5  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. VAu&@a`  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. o0vUj  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. ;d9QAN&0}  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. "FKOaQ%IH  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. b>N8F^}~O  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. ^`>/.gL  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… %|i`kYsy  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 Z/;aT -N  
1.Everybody knows that… w*JG
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2.It can be easily proved that… Q)[C?obd v  
3. It is true that… HoL Et8Q  
4. No one can deny that cpJ|w3xB  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… qm o9G  
6. The chief reason is that… KMjhZap %  
7. We must recognize that… s}% M4  
8. There is on doubt that… fx>4  
9. I am of the opinion that… $'h Ez/  
10. This can be expressed as follows; +&2%+[nBZ  
11. To take …for an example… b`O'1r\Y;  
12. We have reason to believe that r? E)obE  
13. Now that we know that… 8q}q{8  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… $@"g^,n  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that b?QoS|<e?  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… Ge-vWf-RbB  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… g~A`N=r;h  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… "mvt>X  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… T <ET )
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20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… -fHy-Oh  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… U0N 60  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… aH/ k
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23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… <s<n  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. ~<F8ug#  
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用于文章的开头 %.-4!vj  
1. As the proverb says… A!WKnb_`  
2. It goes without saying tan… *kDCliL  
3. Generally speaking… A1>OY^p3%  
4. It is quite clear than because… WX|`1b  
5. It is often said that … XXcl{1Kp!@  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” ++Ts  
7. More and more people have come to realize… 9} M?
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8. There is no doubt that… k],Q9  
9. Some people believe that… 9BBmw(M}  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? a:IC)]j$_  
11. One great man said that… ;d"F%M y  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. lKp"xcAD  
13. In the past several years there has been… YdC6k?tzS  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… 4`]^@"{  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… }1i`6`y1  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… Rmt~,cW!\  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … O
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18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently.
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用于文章的结尾 cyv`B3}  
1. from this point of view… JZ*/,|1}EC  
2. in a word… 6x[}g  
3. in conclusion… BBRR
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4. on account of this we can find that… +LZLy9iKt  
5. the result is dependent on… lC("y' ::  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: xU>WEm2  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 37 ,  
8. to sum up … X0H!/SlS  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… xPk8$1meZM  
10. It is obvious that… Cc' 37~6~P  
11. There is little doubt that… R_ ,UMt  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful [OV"}<V  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. i,E{f  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… AJ?r,!)  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… Ng>5?F^v  
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用于论证和说明 RO VW s/  
1. As it is described that… eJVjuG  
2. It has been illustrated that… _8riUt  
3. It provides a good example of… zyc"]IzOU  
4. We may cite another instance of… Y1OkkcPb{  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… *:YiimOY"  
6. A number of further facts may be added… EXw
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7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. D},>mfzF  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… |`Ntv}  
9. According to the statistics provided … ]Svt`0|}  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… ^f &XQQY  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… @ ZwvBH  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… 5C*Pd Wpl  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… a %'the  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… o\<ULW*  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… }bpQq6ZF  
16. All the facts suggest that… /y#f3r+*2  
17. No one can deny the fact that… fue( UMF~  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… dA`IEQJL  
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