医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 ?H9F"B$ a  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） %I]?xe6  
记分标准如下： >m!l5/  
 )]2yTG[  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 9g" 1WZ!  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 a7G0  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 J90q\_dY.  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 \F
OX#|i)  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 g%w@v$  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 md[FtcY\  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： ^&t(O1.-  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； Vy = fm  
　　2） 语法基本正确； [woR9azC  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； }z&P^p)R  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； |Iy55~hK`  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 t/cjz/]  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 2tvMa%1^  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 uh`@qmu)  
考生出现的问题 G)l[\6Dn  
不会审题 3uwZ#   
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 tkdhT8_  
用词搭配不当。 :V2j'R,  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 mQ#@"9l%  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 uK]@!gz  
Our English class often told stories. 4'rWy~` V  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. 3m4?l ~  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 =ox#qg.5  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English.
Pi6C1uY6  
语法错误。 +7<{yP6wU  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 bWv6gOPR3  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； |aN0|O2  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 kETA3(h'
 
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 c%)uG _  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 {mL/)\  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 &F\J%#{  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： 5S7`gN.  
It is often said that… ^g[\.Q  
Generally speaking… {R8Q`2R  
As the proverb says… GMU<$x8o  
It goes without saying that… u7j-uVG  
It is clear/obvious that… aJMh>  
Mary people often ask … (
uOW5,e7  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ~N[hY1}X[  
It is true that… OJ UM Y<5  
Everybody knows that… NOx&`OU
+  
It can be easily proved that… Hh;w\)/%j  
No one can deny that… V-=$:J"J'\  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… <zZAVGb4I  
The chief reason why …is that … + y.IDn^  
We must recognize that… =La}^  
There is no doubt that… 8kJ k5  
I am of the opinion that… _$ixE~w-!  
This can expressed as follows… 42p6l  
To take…for an example (instance) …
7gVWu"  
Therefore we should realize that … qsvUJU  
We have reason to believe that… <Dm6CH  
We know that… F5 LQgK-z  
What is more serious is that… !a~x|pjJ  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： Qlb@Az  
Another special consideration in this case is that … Qmn5umd=?\  
Besides, we should not neglect that… FG#j0#|*  
However, … v9inBBC q  
But the problem is not so simple, … tB_V%qH  
Therefore… ~7 `x9MUc  
But it is a pity that… Dx <IS^>i  
On the other hand, … 5?O/Aub  
I do not believe that… keJec`q=X  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… U~H'c p  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… G0Wd"AV+  
Though we are in basic agreement with … izC >-  
The trouble seems that… Ap!UX=HBb  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 7_K(xmK  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… /yykOvUO  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： `%ENGB|  
In a word, … %<M<'jxSca  
In sum, … tLvli>y@  
In conclusion, … gZ+I( o{  
From this point of view, … lwY{rWo  
On account of this we can find that … i*^K)SI8  
The result is dependent on … LqUvEq  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… j2P|cBXu  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… ;9I#>u  
　　2.句子连接 J<BdIKCma  
　　(1)“启” 4O`h%`M  
in the first place at present }w-`J5E q#  
currently it goes without saying that Dw#&x/G  
lately first b?Jm)  
first of all now (mD]}{>  
presently firstly *C:+N>  
generally recently uLCU3nI  
in the beginning to begin with 7  %|>7  
to start with in general #_7c>gn  
　　(2)“承” z<fEJN  
after a few days after a while Orb(xLChJ  
also at any arte M[{Cy[ta  
at the same time besides *Vc=]Z2G^  
by this time certainly -J30g\  
consequently for example :$tW9*\KY  
for instance for this purpose G6,8Xwk  
from now on furthermore "pPNlV]UA^  
in addition in addition to… 6,)y{/ENC  
in fact in other words 4eEs_R   
in particular in the same manner =z/F=1^<  
incidentally indeed 2|=_kN8;  
meanwhile moreover kW~F*  
no doubt obviously B1M/5cr.  
of course particularly y|d Xxd9  
second secondly xS}H483h6W  
similarly so } 8P}L@q  
soon still K7.<,E"M.  
then third ~ YK<T+  
thirdly truly nX~MoWH1  
unlike… what is more r+\z0_' w6  
　　(3)“转” ^ ?=K )  
after all all the same v'!N

t
k  
anyway at the same time c-.>C)  
but by this time _PM<25Y,@  
conversely despite… Tv$7aVi!  
especially… fortunately YfPo"uxx  
however in other words ;}~=W!yz  
in particular in spite of… #%9]Lq  
in the same way likewise Hl;p>>n  
luckily nevertheless Oez}C,0  
no doubt not withstanding … .( h$@|Y  
on the contrary on the other hand DQ\&5ytP  
otherwise perhaps… EaD@clJS  
unfortunately unlike… EKPTDKut  
whereas… yet C._sgO  
nonetheless as a matter of fact X~he36-+<  
(4)“合” x acLlX+  
above all accordingly wYA/<0'yH  
as a consequence as a result F2$bUY  
as has been noted as I have said =&pN8PEn\  
at last at length yCIgxPv|7  
by and large briefly ;p 5v3<PC  
by doing so consequently \83A|+k  
eventually finally n2mw@Ay!  
hence in brief y8vH?^:%<  
in conclusion in short +n[wkgFd  
on the whole therefore U%DF!~n  
thus to speak frankly dB+GT
q=6f  
to sum up to summarize $p3Wjf:bH  
indeed surely ~H|LWCU)K8  
to conclude obviously RzRvu]]8  
certainly truly O^Vy"8Ji}y  
OawrS{  
常用句型 iW@Vw{|i I  
7~ese+\smG  
用于反驳性和比较性论文 sV^h#g~Zb
 
1. In general, I don’t agree with 9G&l qfX:  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. O;0<^M/0G  
3. The chief reason why… is that… GHJ=-9{YL  
4.There is no true that… '?G[T28  
5. It is not true that… Sq|1f?_gU  
6. It can be easily denied than… r\n h.}s  
7. We have no reason to believe that… 2v9s@k/k)6  
8. What is more serious is that… <`xRqe:&9  
9. But it is pity that… :gD0EqV  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… ^s @*ISY  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… _%Jl&0%q  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… vYSetAdv  
13. Perhaps I was question why… \ ~LU 'j  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… H@2v<e@  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but #HM\a  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… *2V
p 4  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… kh?#={]Z  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… UJz4>JF
 
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… QFNz9c  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… B)DC,+@$  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … D){"fw+b  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. l<aqiZSY  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. 2-6.r_  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ?b@q5Y  
6>=-/)p}  
用于描写图表和数据 @7Rt4} g  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. urT/+deR  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 8sR   
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995.  \Z\ IK  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. ?v"K1C1.  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. wsf Hd<Z_  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. zL)1^[%O9  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. o5=)~D{/G3  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. yhSk"e'G  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 0+K`pS'  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. I 9{40_  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… L876$  
LsJs Q h  
用于解释性和阐述性论说文 YW?7*go'Z  
1.Everybody knows that… BaWQ<T8p8  
2.It can be easily proved that… P\q<d  
3. It is true that… %w'/n>]j  
4. No one can deny that X+dR<GN+YX  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… l~]hGLviJE  
6. The chief reason is that… 6[+\CS7Lt  
7. We must recognize that… :LZ-da"QR  
8. There is on doubt that… CN\|_y  
9. I am of the opinion that… t(J![wB}  
10. This can be expressed as follows; /*u#Ba<<  
11. To take …for an example… <Jwi~I=^  
12. We have reason to believe that
K-2.E  
13. Now that we know that… iEiu%T>  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… TpJ g-F  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that )ZT 6: )  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… Tg"'pO  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… &_"ORqn&  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… G;2R]H#p  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… 1pd 9s8CA  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 7n\ThfH{  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… Of- C  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… nAIH`L"X  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… _~tm7o +js  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. ^`tk/#h\9F  
#X#8ynt  
用于文章的开头 9Hu d|n  
1. As the proverb says… d'ZS;l   
2. It goes without saying tan… ;xfO16fNk  
3. Generally speaking… |)9thIQF  
4. It is quite clear than because… ar Q)%W  
5. It is often said that … Yg/}ghF\  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” O]t\B*%}  
7. More and more people have come to realize… `AR"!X  
8. There is no doubt that… 5Q` RTn%  
9. Some people believe that… GMz8B-vk  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? b6|Z"{TI _  
11. One great man said that… rOW;yJ[  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. %MN.O-Lc  
13. In the past several years there has been… @}(SR\~N]  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… "qawq0P8Z
 
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… BBxc*alG0  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… )Ob]T
{GY  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … \b$<J.3  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. wZjlHe  
B52yaG8C  
用于文章的结尾 m<{"}4'  
1. from this point of view… +i.u< T  
2. in a word… _8^0!,j   
3. in conclusion… F}'wH-qp  
4. on account of this we can find that… }Gr&w-v  
5. the result is dependent on… xI
L#h@dz  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: +R qbf  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 4z_n4 =  
8. to sum up … =WK04\H  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… 6aY>lkp  
10. It is obvious that… r LzW`  
11. There is little doubt that… >F[GVmC  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful < bFy(+  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. BSgTde|3y  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… OPuj|%Wgw  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… `\N]wlB2/b  
<bUXC@3W  
用于论证和说明 VI_+v[Hk/  
1. As it is described that… 6+3$:?  
2. It has been illustrated that… AbfZ++aJ  
3. It provides a good example of… . I ==-|  
4. We may cite another instance of… ?3q@f\fZ  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… g)R1ObpZ  
6. A number of further facts may be added… RlRs}yF  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. qTM%G-  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… "IFgRaP=  
9. According to the statistics provided … ]Blf9h7  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… &| !B!eOY  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… bd==+  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… ER^QV(IvP8  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… e |V]  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… (3;@^S4&w  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… Y#HI;Y^RP  
16. All the facts suggest that… |PP.<ce\-  
17. No one can deny the fact that… <)U4Xz ?  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… (D7$$!}  

Vh
Eka#  
[p:1]

给力