医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 f0<'IgN  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） =Nc
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记分标准如下： I_h8)W  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 nc0!ag  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 1TuN  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 m$w'`[H  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ++Z
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　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 &4m\``//9  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 9"#,X36  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： Kt 0 3F$  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； }8zw| (GR,  
　　2） 语法基本正确； IPIas$  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； 8 <~ E;:  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； iaq+#k@V  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。  _xyq25/  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 npJyVh47  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 65~X!90k  
考生出现的问题 Q;'{~!=  
不会审题 I'qIc?  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 @u.%z# h"1  
用词搭配不当。 $4&%<'l3I  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 ?FRuuAS  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 t&  *K  
Our English class often told stories. Avc9W[4  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. q>E[)\+y  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 &rj)Oh2  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. XEB1%. p  
语法错误。 VY@6!
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　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 { +$zgg  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； %:DH_0  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 |P
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　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 A\1X-Mm  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 FthrI  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 -!C9x?gNY  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： zD9gE  
It is often said that… kw gsf5[  
Generally speaking… k,kr7'Q  
As the proverb says… w`Ss MI  
It goes without saying that… GgNqci,  
It is clear/obvious that… FS1> J%P  
Mary people often ask … Hy9c<X[F9  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： NhgzU+)+  
It is true that… ,*r}23  
Everybody knows that… hYI0
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It can be easily proved that… B}&9+2M  
No one can deny that… q5UD!&W  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… b)e';M  
The chief reason why …is that … :CR1Oy9  
We must recognize that… Pcs62aE  
There is no doubt that… @}8~TbP  
I am of the opinion that… x&N!SU6  
This can expressed as follows… 6HK dBW$/  
To take…for an example (instance) … Bw`7ND}&  
Therefore we should realize that … @_L:W1[  
We have reason to believe that… $OAa k  
We know that… "{lw;
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What is more serious is that… t'.oty=  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： jO9w7u6  
Another special consideration in this case is that … 'cpO"d?{  
Besides, we should not neglect that… !idQ-&  
However, … dm+}nQI\  
But the problem is not so simple, … N;6@f*3_i  
Therefore… rRK^vfoJ`  
But it is a pity that… "4,Zox{^  
On the other hand, … CL%+
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I do not believe that… (oiF05n h  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… t]QGyW A]  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… l|Z<p
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Though we are in basic agreement with … /;K?Y#mf~j  
The trouble seems that… [tP6FdS/M=  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… G9_M~N%a  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… aglW\LT^  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： pEn3:.l<  
In a word, … zq?
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In sum, … (K}Md~  
In conclusion, … \!_:<"nX.  
From this point of view, … jcu C2t  
On account of this we can find that … 1q &gTvIp  
The result is dependent on … :6
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Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… POouO/r$  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… ,Z"l3~0\  
　　2.句子连接 'B$bGQ  
　　(1)“启” 02EbmP  
in the first place at present s)e'}y  
currently it goes without saying that N-+`[8@(P<  
lately first P!Mz5QZ+  
first of all now "E><:_,\  
presently firstly 9m:qQ1[\  
generally recently ];|;")#=  
in the beginning to begin with #CM^f^*  
to start with in general =}G `i**  
　　(2)“承” 6}vPwI  
after a few days after a while I2b\[d  
also at any arte 9%VN zPzf  
at the same time besides D-zqu~f`  
by this time certainly <AzM~]"3  
consequently for example 54A ndyeA  
for instance for this purpose I&}Md73  
from now on furthermore h.\9a3B:r  
in addition in addition to… <.d0GD`^  
in fact in other words bB^SD] }C  
in particular in the same manner @'K+   
incidentally indeed TT(dCHft  
meanwhile moreover }b#KV?xgW  
no doubt obviously (> v1)*r  
of course particularly JvHGu&Nr!  
second secondly ((U-JeFW   
similarly so Vm1U00lM{  
soon still :EK.&%2  
then third 07T"alXf:A  
thirdly truly CbJ ]}Z  
unlike… what is more /&>6#3df-  
　　(3)“转” ;b[% L&  
after all all the same X9f!F2x  
anyway at the same time N'fE^jqU  
but by this time r lalr+Rf  
conversely despite… 89>U Koc?  
especially… fortunately  /{.  
however in other words CL*i,9:NR  
in particular in spite of… 05zBB  
in the same way likewise :[iWl8  
luckily nevertheless _|x b)_  
no doubt not withstanding … ZGHkW9b&  
on the contrary on the other hand R=IZFwr  
otherwise perhaps… _5vAnt*  
unfortunately unlike… )5r*2I  
whereas… yet Kr!(<i  
nonetheless as a matter of fact g_G'%{T7  
(4)“合” ">}l8MA  
above all accordingly LYPjdp2>"o  
as a consequence as a result {I |iUfy  
as has been noted as I have said <wge_3W#  
at last at length UdmYS3zs  
by and large briefly Kc+;"4/#q  
by doing so consequently j4L )D  
eventually finally cB U,!  
hence in brief d/G`w{H}y  
in conclusion in short ~y%8uHL:  
on the whole therefore XUmL8  
thus to speak frankly ID"'`DKxe  
to sum up to summarize )A9K
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indeed surely 5|!x0H;   
to conclude obviously #(C2KRRiA  
certainly truly 7pDov@K<{  
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常用句型 RKsr}-18  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 [ $_d|Z  
1. In general, I don’t agree with V`$Jan  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. pqO}=*v@  
3. The chief reason why… is that… S+>1yvr),  
4.There is no true that… iva&W  
5. It is not true that… _Z'j%/-4@D  
6. It can be easily denied than… O;c;>x_dA  
7. We have no reason to believe that… ^'Wkb7L  
8. What is more serious is that… +v:t  
9. But it is pity that… 9E^IEwq'  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… lj$\2B  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… 1TbY,3W  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… L6yRN>5aE  
13. Perhaps I was question why… X96>N{C*>  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… U2z1HIs  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but tL(B gku9  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… Z-;<R$  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… AVyO5>w  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… ~Emeo&X  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… Qrjo@_+w!  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… O,6Upk  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … (yWU9q)5  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. u5^fiw]C  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. p%~#~5t,  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. YKq,`7"%  
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用于描写图表和数据 & .VciSq6  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. XL>v$7`#  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 8B;wn<O  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. =jIB5".  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. f$$l,wo  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. ?#"rI6  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. |f1 S&b.  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. lR[[]Yn  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. KB49~7XjQ@  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. f<WP<!N%  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. j*@^O`^v  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… }eh<F^  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 <6g{vNA  
1.Everybody knows that… 8P5yaS_  
2.It can be easily proved that… jY'svD~  
3. It is true that… S~L$sqt  
4. No one can deny that {/ `iZzPg  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… zhtNL_  
6. The chief reason is that… m` ^o<V&  
7. We must recognize that… 8&?Kg>M  
8. There is on doubt that… RGFanP  
9. I am of the opinion that… 9/3gF)I}  
10. This can be expressed as follows; u;p.:{'  
11. To take …for an example… 7(cRm$)L  
12. We have reason to believe that [4L[.N@  
13. Now that we know that… I3`WY- uv  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… 4FURm@C6  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that  h>\T1PM  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… _N!L?b83P  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… D^
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18. Perhaps the primary reason is… ap hfzo  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… j"6r]nc&  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 8,iBG! RF  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… s2=rj?g&(X  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… W no{&I63  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… k4:$LFw@  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. ~D# -i >Z  
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用于文章的开头 BUcPMF%\y:  
1. As the proverb says… :[![9JS/  
2. It goes without saying tan… }-YM>q  
3. Generally speaking… pG"pvfEl9f  
4. It is quite clear than because… fz/Ee1T\  
5. It is often said that … j9Qd 45  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” 7#/->Y  
7. More and more people have come to realize… 8<V6W F`e  
8. There is no doubt that… A|jmp~@K)+  
9. Some people believe that… '-9B`O,&  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? sBUK v(U)  
11. One great man said that… dCq-&3?t  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. &1
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13. In the past several years there has been… eCejO59F9  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… p;8I@~dh  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… 2@7f^be  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that…
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17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … X}jWNN  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. a'zXLlXgGd  
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用于文章的结尾 :+?eF^5  
1. from this point of view… Eo h4#fZ\N  
2. in a word… `)i'1E[9  
3. in conclusion… NT(gXEZ  
4. on account of this we can find that… [\i0@  
5. the result is dependent on… %K9pnq/T^  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: |[6jf!F  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… pTzwyj!SD  
8. to sum up … W^(:\IvV  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… aC!e#(q  
10. It is obvious that… 4k$i:st;  
11. There is little doubt that… YJ6y]r K2,  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful .~3s~y*s  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. mZ%"""X\Ei  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… x6n
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15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… v8{ jE
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用于论证和说明 DJWm7 t  
1. As it is described that… AiF'*!1  
2. It has been illustrated that… 0fOx&"UAB  
3. It provides a good example of… ?cyBF*o  
4. We may cite another instance of… ~8oti4  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… lwVo%-  
6. A number of further facts may be added… S]"U(JmW\  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. uT Z#85L`  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… *A^`[_y  
9. According to the statistics provided … q.} M^iDe  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… jV|j]m&t  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 13JZ\`ceb  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… _L^(CFE  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… Y5/SbQYf1  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… {0(:5%  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… K|Cb6''  
16. All the facts suggest that… _o+z#Fnz  
17. No one can deny the fact that… DN X-\  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… #F^0uUjq  
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