独立主格特征 >Fp&8p`am
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 >] -<uT_
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 *W%'Di
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 K.%z;( U
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） Q K j1yG0i
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. s&0*'^'O[S
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. /cYk+c
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). K#@K"N =
F "!`X#
真题剖析 8;0 ^'Qr8
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ?;fv !'?%
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because Z@u ;Z[@
虚拟语气（1） {o {#]fbO%
虚拟语气（2） t"tNtLI
• 1. （should）+动词原形 ]a=l^Pc(xN
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 h~:H?p
j3g
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 "~Us#4>
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 7F~xq#Wi#
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 IQ#So]9~Y
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 <9 T
[yg
would rather +动词过去式 oR7 7`
XGL"gD
真题剖析 N*?
WUn9]
bnIf}ut-G
• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … N!Rt;Xm2@
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t X+\0%|
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. #i6[4X?
53. A. ordered B. pleaded =\*S' Ded
C. decided D. demanded :K?iNZqWN6
D=<t;+|
非谓语动词 k#BU7Exij
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 YK7gd|LR]
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) !P+~ c0DF
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 8}]l9"q(
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 CR P7U
] rKH|i
n vw NjN
真题剖析 l[:^Tf
B
4c~*hMr y
• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. !N@Yh"c
xtG)^x!
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops `W6:=H
主谓一致 (1) hrUm} @d
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 % j YQ
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 9N`+ O
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. V7qCbd^>XJ
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 "'Q$.sR
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 17?NR\Q
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 1==P.d(
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 fq)Ohb
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). AycA :<
主谓一致 (2) v)X[gt
tf
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 XY&]T'A
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. HPv&vdr3
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) `Pz!SJ|
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 1t}
(+NNjH
He no less than John is interested in literature. HY@kw>I
主谓一致 (3) Xuz8"b5^Zx
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ;@ h'Mb
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 2 `q^Q
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ru(?a~lF8~
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 9OO0Ht4j
%Hh &u
.
真题剖析 Rz])wBv e
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Q} k_#w
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some d6Q :{!Sd"
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate V@5 4k*V
倒装 ^HOwN<}`#
<*b]JY V@
一、全部倒装 !<['iM
二、部分倒装 KqG$zC^N
?()E5 4y
全部倒装 !pF KC)
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” HC<BGIgL
There stand big buildings in this district. ho SU `
X
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 8
m1 3M5r
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) JXI+k.fi
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. gw}7%U`T9
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 6{F S /+
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. v=yI#5
[K|>s(Sf*
全部倒装 J?HZ,7X:
• 4. 表语位于句首 Vms7
Jay
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. %(wsG Nd
Not far from here is a famous university. v'2OHb#
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ED =BZR
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. q5K/+N ^2?
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother.
vG Lb2Q
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） (L6]uNOG
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. <x h'@592
部分倒装 ]\b1~k i!F
• 1. 疑问句 rQQPs \o
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） HuLm!tCu
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. YI(OrR;V
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首
KL_}:O68
Only when he comes back can be leave. V/[,1W[B
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 <?va)
o
u
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. e^fKatI1
部分倒装 q-)_Qco
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Chi<)P$^
By no means should you break the rules. ~
X(xa
At no time should we give in to difficulties. P HL@1K{)
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) M>z7H"jCu
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” B+H9c~3$
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. s\1_-D5]Z
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
