独立主格特征 LKx<hl$O
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 %`F &,!d
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 g`69 0
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 bL)7 /E
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） {~lVe GBp
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. L +rMBa
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. IL\2?(&Z
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). C@7<0w
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真题剖析 aSy^( WN8
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. &/}reE*
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because Z fQzA}QD
虚拟语气（1） Vp5i i]B4
虚拟语气（2） v_7?Zik8E
• 1. （should）+动词原形 "% ~Jb dx
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 |IL/F]I
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 bIR&e E
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 1%R8q=_
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 oQ=v:P]
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 `ecIy_O3P&
would rather +动词过去式 S*5hO) C
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真题剖析 ?c$z? QTMJ
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … }#0i1]n$D
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t #2XX [d%
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. R[%Zy Q_
53. A. ordered B. pleaded ^E)*i#."4
C. decided D. demanded 9Ez>srH(
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非谓语动词 h}T+M BA%
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 Rfk8trD B
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) \Y4>_Mk
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) b!
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• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 qt.G_fOz
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真题剖析 ['*{f(AI
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. E/OJ}3Rf
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops P_ [A
主谓一致 (1) ]z%X% wL
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 XVlZ:kz
How you got there doesn’t concern me. )}G?^rDH(
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. kPt] [1jo
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 5*q!:$
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. :skNEY].
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Qh0tU<jG
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 'R{Xq HP
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). =
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主谓一致 (2) ;x|E}XD
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 A<1:vV
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. uA'S8b%C
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) l[MP|m#
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） fku\O<1
He no less than John is interested in literature. Mdj?;'Yv
主谓一致 (3) ="k9
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) \NiW(!Z}
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ],?rFK{O
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 \$g,Hgp/<
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. _SW_I{ fjr
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真题剖析 4
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• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 2j*+^ &M/
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ! H^,p$`[i
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate hk +@ngh%
倒装 ^57G]$Q
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一、全部倒装 ]]EOCGZ"
二、部分倒装 bm</qF'T6
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全部倒装 }[$ qn|
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” <r8sZrY
There stand big buildings in this district. Fm| h3.`V
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. d'x'hp%
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) &ody[k?'
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. [?= Vqd
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 mPmg6Qj(W
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 8B*XXFy\
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全部倒装 [s} n v]
• 4. 表语位于句首 e2}5<
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. > U.f`24
Not far from here is a famous university. k* U(ln
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 GY3g`M
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. o)M=
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. b M rR
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） -Y{=bZS u
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. HgY> M`U
部分倒装 ,P T5-9 m
• 1. 疑问句
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• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） V+Tu{fFF7E
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. #c F ?a5
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 Mqk [+n
Only when he comes back can be leave. h k7kg/"
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 H;=JqD 8`
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. G(*7hs
部分倒装 mT3'kUZ}]
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ?S~@Ea8/M
By no means should you break the rules.
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. gWK N C
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 4b}94e@(N
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” @5)THYAx4
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. !ot$ Q
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
