独立主格特征 V 2/?1
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 Q zq3{%^x_
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 s%Ir h;Bs
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 zOsk'ZE&
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） dvPlKLp
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. u~ \l~v^mj
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. YAJr@v+Ls
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). 3.E3}Jz`
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真题剖析 xG~7kj3
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 2 9kR7[k
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 1`v$R0 `!
虚拟语气（1） y_}jf,b4
虚拟语气（2） i;I!Jc_b'
• 1. （should）+动词原形 '
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• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 P?$Iht.^
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 j*#k%;c
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Vk?US
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• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 M TO Z:b
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ^ gdv:[ m
would rather +动词过去式 st-I7K\ v
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真题剖析 i8i~b8r]
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 3 Q~zli:
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t CN !~(1 v
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. |nT+ W| 0U
53. A. ordered B. pleaded %w#8t#[,6
C. decided D. demanded 9f_Q s4
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非谓语动词 Tv /?-`Y
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 DE!P[$J
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) )bR`uV9<
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) eg( 1kDMpn
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 9M Ug/
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真题剖析 EVW\Z 2N.
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. )POU58$
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops %{ +>\0x
主谓一致 (1) ]Pf!wv
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 _<6B.{$\7m
How you got there doesn’t concern me. /f]' _t0\.
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. {q.|UCg[
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• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 z(Q 5?+P
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 2g$;ZBHO|8
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 qX:Y I3:,@
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ]!v\whZ>
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). `{ ` W-C
主谓一致 (2) bEli!N$
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. UYvdzCUh
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) p61F@=EL
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） YWhp 4`m
He no less than John is interested in literature. 8om)A0S
主谓一致 (3) ^Ec wY- Qr
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) A0 $ds
Either my father or my brothers are coming. A75z/O{
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 a 3C\? 5
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. QS%t:,0lp
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真题剖析 y)mtSA8
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ]:svR@E
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some g<^-[w4/
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate y;=/S?L.:
倒装 Y{ O nW98
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一、全部倒装 Ah_0o_ Di
二、部分倒装 pReSvF}}C
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全部倒装 Lrq e:\
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” nTCwLnX(O
There stand big buildings in this district. 7uq^TO>9f
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Zqj EVVB
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) {ZKXT 8'
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. M`H@
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• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 MS;^@>|wj
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. =DwY-Ex
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全部倒装 rkn'1 M&u
• 4. 表语位于句首 +
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. xM**n3SZ`
Not far from here is a famous university. nx@,oC4
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 #7=- zda5
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. eDY)i9"W
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. $y,tR.5.)[
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） Ca
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. Ch73=V
部分倒装 \ {;3 '<
• 1. 疑问句 ,$ Xhw
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• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） "~L
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Wv]ODEd
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 f7:}t+d
Only when he comes back can be leave. -l ?\hmDl
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ^u> fW[ "[
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. dP=,<H#]m
部分倒装 A+hA'0isF@
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) + P<#6<gR
By no means should you break the rules. z/wwe\ a5
At no time should we give in to difficulties. #'BPW<Ob
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) j+("4b'
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” %H4>k#b@$
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. =3EjD;2
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
