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1.定义 "wi}/,)
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让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 Nu,t,&B
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让步状语从句的引导词主要有: 9i`MUE1Sh
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① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 k =
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² although语气较重,大多位于句首 1SG^g*mf
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例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. 4c,{Js
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虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 |IZFWZd
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² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 K*aGz8N
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例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. pI
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他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 %0lJ(hm
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② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” m<GJ1)%3i
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² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 Qg5-I$0
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例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. 6#(rWW"_
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即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) X.)D"+xnH
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We made a trip even though the weather was bad. ]V.0%Ccw;.
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尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) tN&_f==e
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③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” 8L,i}hIo.
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² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 @Yzc?+x
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例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. X0Zr?$q
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尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词)
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Successful as she is, she is not proud. r-IG.ym3
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尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) /%5X:*:H
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Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. #+6t|
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尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) Ss
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④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” X'KkIo
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例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. ] f~mR_E
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不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 'AjDB:Mt$
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You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. h,WF'X+
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不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 5gnmRd
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⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 07:N)y,
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² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 x!@P|c1nKC
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例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. y Ddi+
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=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. ^&mJDRe
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虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 jQc.@^#+x
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⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” }&{z-/;H
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² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 +"Ui@^
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例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. s^n}m#T
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= No matter what you did,I will accept. ! 9U
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不管你做了什么,我都接受。 #s-^4znv9
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2.考博真题 F {g^4
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[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) opKk#40
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这是一个主从复合句。 p.
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: Dj~]]
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主句:you can return them within 30days 4|Wglri
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【译文】您可以在30天内退货 /%#LA
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分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR I-fjqo3
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what u]B15
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【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 HOn,c@.9Y
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分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer MpV3.
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类型:条件状语从句;引导词:if !Od?69W, $
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【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 ~\4B 1n7
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其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 o]&w"3vOP0
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【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 QFP3S(
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[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) n21Pfig
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这是一个主从复合句。 \m3'4#
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: DFgr,~
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主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. 9,?\hBEu
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【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 ]L'FYOfrpx
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分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… R&w2
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while v&6=(k{E@R
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【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… OH.Re6Rr
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分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages 4T*RJ3Fz!
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that 0nkon3H
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【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 {x{/{{wzv
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分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress )ca^%(25!z
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【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 `aFy2x`3
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【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 F+;{s(wx
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[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) ICNS+
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这是一个主从复合句。
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: %Z-^Bu8;y
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主句:little is known about it Xtqjx@ye
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【译文】人们对它知之甚少 qvz2u]IOw
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分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history k%\_UYa
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:although 03*` T
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【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上 &H!
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分句二:since few rocks are known… gnmKh>0@6o
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类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since ;bVC7D~~4w
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分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old #%k!`?^fbK
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【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。 {]plT~{e