让步状语从句 #\<P]<C
3;A$<s
T\fudmj&
1.定义 @7 -D7
CWBbSGk
FCAJavOGH
让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 @2?=
3Wf
;AltNGcM
w a2~C [
二、分类 /3s@6Ex}E
5c)wZ
RW)k_#%=
让步状语从句的引导词主要有: HwM/}-t
K)Ge
3}yraX6r!
① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 D"'#one
0$!.c~
pIL`WE1'
² although语气较重,大多位于句首 . rRc
R
e{ej
f}A^]6MO:
例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. ID&zY;f
2AmR(vVa"
wH#Lb@cfZ0
虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 31H|?cg<
K:C+/O
E#m76]vkCU
² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 e_\SSH@tw
H9/XW6W,"w
H#_}^cGPR=
例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. 8}]l9"q(
N <ja6Ac
zR_9D}
他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 dV'6m@C
k:@a[qnY
/%c+
eL}l
② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” uH
TKo(NG
Ey
0
>L
':9%3Wq]j
² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 iLc)"L-i
qFB9,cUqh
o<9yaQ;
例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. 94
S
.9A
56/.*q
a
d{vc
wZQ
即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) ;))[P_$zB
Z_ iQU1
]0at2
We made a trip even though the weather was bad. gwZ+GA
ZdJVs/33Vn
/@xr[=L
尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) "H/2r]?GT
w yuJSB
BVwRPt
③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” -;W\f<q]
81%qM7v9H
j};pv 2
² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 y&KoL\
<
|]i
g(z#h$@S
例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. ,& \&::R
z[$9B#P
Z]1z*dv
尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) N'Z_6A*-
GT1 X
?$`1%Y9
Successful as she is, she is not proud. { 8|Z}?I
H8=vQy
}AeE|RNc
尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) 7kWZMi
o#KPrW`XJ/
eW }jS/g`
Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. :a^,Ei-&
0
6G[^
XQ4^:3Yc
尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) Rp4BU"&sU
E}CqVuU
$
DlQ[}5STF
④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” q}7Df!<|
O}\"$n>
}1^tK(Am
例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. S92!jp/
]aMa*fF
yI)RGOV
不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 yrvSbqR
f^yLwRUD
;r@R (Squ
You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. +Muia5G
b3HTCO-,fC
`
a<|CcUGU
不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 URzE+8m^
Zn=JmZ
q'8@
0FT0
⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 :92a34
NB6h/0*v
%cjGeS6}
² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 AZ Lt'9UD
5<GRi"7A@
=rtA{g$)+
例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. X72X:"
vYm&AD
oX]1>#5UMg
=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. _w,0wn9N$
>mDub
P
`j"G=%e3.
虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 }c#/1J7
r0uXMr=Z96
JY8"TQ$x
⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” >u#VHaB
\B ^sJ[n
B]}V$*$\?
² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 iBW6<2@oZF
EuA<{%i
*xVAm7_v
例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. "LaX_0t)
54DR .>O
O,Gn2Do
= No matter what you did,I will accept. 'm? x2$u8
0BD((oNg
G6bg ~V5Q:
不管你做了什么,我都接受。 myX0<j3G5
{YTF]J$
GQBN-Qv
2.考博真题 ,T[
+omo
TN_$E&69I
GlD'?Mk1
[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读)
C2i..iD
Y.
tFqzo3
"
CoR?[,x
这是一个主从复合句。 .g?,:$`0D?
o_m.MMEU
&J M;jSz
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: dV
QLg9aG|
>iJuR.:OO
主句:you can return them within 30days [ i#Gqx>'w
@!O{>`
|:[vpJFK
【译文】您可以在30天内退货 4 Z)]Cq*3
M3`A&*\;
1R9/AP
分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR 5~0;R`D
1zW6Pb
R
L9BB.
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what 5Vqvb|
"r+<=JU>OV
J)NpG9iN
【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 tn1aH
+
}iAi`_\0;
"Fiv
]^
分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer {jG`l$$
DBDfBb
`_)dEu
类型:条件状语从句;引导词:if lh5d6VUA
rgY~8PY"
=T]OYk
【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 {%Sww:
XQ8Imkc
R&0l4g-4>
其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 C-Z,L#
,YTIYG](
{9MYEN}FO
【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 tS7u#YMh
<~OyV5:6
gP@ni$n
[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) VUb*,/hxa
t/g}cR^Q
Apn#o2
这是一个主从复合句。 :*1w;>o)n
~7
TzUb
*$
!LRmp?
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: Up&q#vqIj
U?QO'H5
j*{bM{~T<
主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. *)<tyIHd
+,lD_{}_
'<Gqu_-
【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 UL/>t}AG
,o)MiR9-[A
LsXYvX
分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… !NCT) #G`
mI# BQE`p6
&BgaFx**
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while D fea<5~^z
<T wq{kt
MD7
[}cB
【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… u2t<auE9^
g:Dg?_o
fh~&&f