让步状语从句
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1.定义 <8(=Lv`)q
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让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 yX4Vv{g
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让步状语从句的引导词主要有: D%~tU70a
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① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 _aR{B-E
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² although语气较重,大多位于句首 o`QNZN7/}
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例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. arDl2T,igF
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虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 5afD;0D5TI
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² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 V
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例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. d
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他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 ^FKiVKI:
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② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” x"{aO6M
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² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 kJJT`Ba&/
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例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad.
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即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) J,F1Xmr4
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We made a trip even though the weather was bad. ; ~pgF_
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尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) P.y +jyu
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③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” l~i?
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² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 n 9B5D:.G
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例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. \ %Mcvb.?
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尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) I0m7;M7 P
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Successful as she is, she is not proud. ]l,D,d81
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尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) U#z"t&o=L
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Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. LKM018H>
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尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) D_l$"35?
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④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” "yu{b]AU
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例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. Ic'D#m
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不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 y6$a
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You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. n*[ZS[I
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不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 #ft9ms#N
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⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 `+Nv=vk
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² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 @x1cV_s[
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例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. :
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=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. ;8<HB1 &,
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虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 B*:I
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⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” G+fo'ThG
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² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 or#]
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例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. K bQXH!J
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= No matter what you did,I will accept. [PN2^
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不管你做了什么,我都接受。 Y'000#+
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2.考博真题 9_==C"F
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[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) ogSDV
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这是一个主从复合句。 |X*y-d77W
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: '4 d4i
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主句:you can return them within 30days VOC$Kqg;
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【译文】您可以在30天内退货 OLt0Q.{
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分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR !"<rlB,J
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what 3n)Kzexh
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【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 >Vx_Xv`Jwb
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分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer 2o9B >f&g
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【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 OA6i/3 #8
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其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 'OTZ&;7{
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【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 li?@BHEf
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[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) { Mb<onW
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这是一个主从复合句。 ?kZ-,@h:
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: aqk$4IG
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主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.
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【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 Z@x&
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分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… tvVf)bbz
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while 6W3oIt
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【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… i83Jy w,f
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分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages "WGKwi=W
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that 3l`"(5
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【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 -*w2<DCn
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分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress DH_~,tK9
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【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 pcscNUp
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【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 m^ar:mK
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[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) ny^uNIRPR
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这是一个主从复合句。 $`0^E#Nl
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: g0/R\
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主句:little is known about it R"t2=3K
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【译文】人们对它知之甚少 T DPQ+Kg_
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分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history v,rKuvc'
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:although yMgS0
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【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上 wz:,gpH
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分句二:since few rocks are known… J<cY'?D
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类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since eVbT<9k
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分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old #N97
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【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。 leXdxpc