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1.定义 ~|"uuA1/#O
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让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。
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二、分类 ?B)e8i<[f
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让步状语从句的引导词主要有: bE=[P}E
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① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 {j<?+o5A
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² although语气较重,大多位于句首 kp!(e0n
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例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. 9"L!A,&
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虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 a
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² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 kFT*So`'
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例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. X*bOE}
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他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 z~1S/,Ca
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② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” uhwCC
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² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 6}\J-A/
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例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. 1=~ ##/at
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即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) xR&Le/3+
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We made a trip even though the weather was bad. P Qi=
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尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) T@r%~z
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③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” 5d)\Z0s
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² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 Z.U8d(
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例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. __-V_(/b,x
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尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) -Vjrh/@
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Successful as she is, she is not proud. VyOpPIP
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尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) _Xfn
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Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. oP`Qyk
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尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) dZ,~yV
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④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” R9^RG-x
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例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. Q=F4ZrNqD
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不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 =.t3|5U8
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You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. &&`-A6`p
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不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 '\/|K
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⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 "\l#q$1h
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² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 b'
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例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. _?c7{
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=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. 2HF_kYZ
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虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 -~WDv[[
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⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” J @^Ypq
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² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 _tR?WmNH=
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例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. Ln"D .gpq
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不管你做了什么,我都接受。 s%i
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2.考博真题 p&k%d, *
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[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) N<^)tR8+
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这是一个主从复合句。 <HH\VG\H6
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: ToM1#]4
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主句:you can return them within 30days 2B
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【译文】您可以在30天内退货 m\G45%m
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分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR LjCUkbzQF
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【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 T&'LQZM8
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分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer 9r>iP L2H
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类型:条件状语从句;引导词:if mFt\xGa
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【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 ki|OowP
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其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 WO$8j2!~#
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【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 Bf;<3k)5.
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[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) WW-}c;cnK
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这是一个主从复合句。 / 2MhP=,
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: Oj8D+sC{
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主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. t"OP*
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【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 {kvxz
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分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… :w)9(5
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while s[VYd:}se
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【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… 5BK3ix*L
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分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages QZ[S,
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that cucT|y
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【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 -$49l
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分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress ?{xD{f$
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【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 ?.n1t@sG&
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【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 y=jZ8+M
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[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) s6#e?5J
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这是一个主从复合句。 t:v>W8N53
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: s
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主句:little is known about it gvL*]U7
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【译文】人们对它知之甚少 %b~ND?nn-
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分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history B|{E[]iK
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【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上 +At0V(
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分句二:since few rocks are known… ,p!IFS`
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类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since pRUQMPn (
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分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old ( )f
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类型:定语从句;引导词:that LB9W.cA
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【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。 %%)y4>I