一、比喻(the figures of speech) !j[Oyr|
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比喻是语言艺术的升华。英语中常见的比喻方法有三种:明喻、隐喻和借喻。
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1.明喻(the simile) YLs%u=e($
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格式:本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if---) + 喻体 w/+e
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常用介词like 、连词as,as if,as---so、动词seem等以及句型A---to B as C---to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。 yg34b}m{
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例如: %%`Q5I
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(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, and more brillant. 老师,您像太阳,又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。freekaobo.com /4x3dwXW@
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(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as noble as pine trees! All praise to you, our beloved teacher. 您的心灵像雪一样纯净,您的人格像青松一般高洁!赞美您,敬爱的老师。 b
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英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如: ^yLiyR e\
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(1)as clear as crystal清如水晶 ,au-g)IFZ
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(2)as weak as water软弱无力 *\W
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这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时,又可以使语言短小精悍,表达生动、形象。 B#Sg:L9Tr'
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2.隐喻(the metaphor) :yPA6O 4
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格是:本体 + is/are + 喻体 c;RB!`9"
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(1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you. 时间是河、记忆如水,朋友,我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。 =^nb-9.
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(2)Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 ^LaOl+;S
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注意:英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。例如 : <OYy;s
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(1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。 |{)SLvlJl
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(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。 (YOp
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(3)This film star is a nine days' wonder; I doubt whether anyone will remember her in a year's time.这位电影明星现在红极一时(也指昙花一现),但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。 Kz v*`
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注意:英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如: x{Gdr51%
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(1)to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧 QH?}uX'x)G
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(2)to plough the sand 白费力气 GpW5)a
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(3)up the tree骑虎难下;lame duck强弩之末;above board光明正大 kO1.27D
3.借喻(the metonymy) &n5Lc`
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格式:直接用比喻事物代替本体事物 @D<KG
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例如: <G5d{rKZ
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(1)The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。 <