3 ºË¶¨Î»ÐźţºÄÚ²¿£¬³£Îª¼îÐÔ°±»ùËá¼Ó¸¬°±ËáÁ´Á½²¿·Ö¹¹³É¡£ h&4f9HhS=
ÈçSV40 T ¿¹Ô£ºpro-lys-lys-lys-Arg-lys(127-132) L--(Y+vmf
µÚËÄÕÂ Ô°©»ùÒòÓëÒÖ°©»ùÒò p#Vh[UTl^
µÚÒ»½Ú ¸ÅÊö Aj;F$(su
²¡¶¾Ö°©×÷Ó㬲¡¶¾°©»ùÒòViral oncogene£¬V-onc).¡£ _@47h86Q
ϸÅØ°©»ùÒò(cellular oncogene £¬c-onc)»òÔ°©»ùÒò(protoncogene) "x*5g*k
¡ªÕý³£Ï¸°ûÖÐÓëv-oncͬԴµÄ»ùÒò£¬ 02~+$R]L
ÒÖ°©»ùÒò(tumor suppressor gene)£ºÊÇÖ¸ÓÉÓÚÆä´æÔںͱí´ï¶øÒÖÖÆϸ°û°©±äµÄ»ùÒò¡£ YIQm;EEG
Ô°©»ùÒòÓëÒÖ°©»ùÒòÉúÎïѧÐÔÖʲîÒ죺 $rh {f<
1£®¹¦ÄÜ£ºÒÖ°©»ùÒòÔÚϸ°ûÉú³¤ÖÐÆ𸺵÷½Ú×÷Óã¬ÒÖÖÆÔöÖ³¡¢´Ù½ø·Ö»¯³ÉÊìÓëË¥ÀÏ£¬»òÒýµ¼¶àÓàϸ°û½øÈë³ÌÐòÐÔϸ°ûËÀÍö(PCD)£¬Ô°©»ùÒòµÄ×÷ÓÃÔòÏà·´£® V~uH)IMkh7
2£®ÒÅ´«·½Ê½£ºÔ°©»ùÒòÊÇÏÔÐԵģ¬¼¤»îºó¼´²ÎÓë´Ù½øϸ°ûÔöÖ³ºÍ°©±ä¹ý³Ì£¬¶øÒÖ°©»ùÒòΪÒþÐÔ£¬Ö»Óз¢Éú´¿ºÏʧ»îʱ²ÅʧȥÒÖ°©¹¦ÄÜ£® =a<};X
3£®Í»±äµÄϸ°ûÀàÐÍ£ºÒÖ°©»ùÒòÍ»±ä²»½ö¿É·¢ÉúÔÚÌåϸ°ûÖУ¬Ò²¿É·¢ÉúÔÚÉúֳϵ(germ 1ine)ϸ°ûÖУ¬²¢Í¨¹ýÆäÒÅ´«Í»±ä£¬¶øÔ°©»ùÒòÖ»ÔÚÌåϸ°ûÖвúÉúÍ»±ä¡£
BWct0=
µÚ¶þ½Ú Ô°©»ùÒò c_fx,;
;
Ô°©»ùÒòÊÇϸ°ûµÄÕý³£»ùÒò£¬Æä±í´ï²úÎï¶Ôϸ°ûµÄÉúÀí¹¦Äܼ«ÆäÖØÒª£¬Ö»Óе±Ô°©»ùÒò·¢Éú½á¹¹¸Ä±ä»ò¹ý¶È±í´ïʱ£¬²ÅÓпÉÄܵ¼ÖÂϸ°û°©±ä¡£ O,kzU,zOs
Ò»¡¢Ô°©»ùÒò±í´ïµÄÌص㣺 R{5xb
l¡¢Õý³£Ï¸°ûÖÐÔ°©»ùÒòµÄ±í´ïˮƽһ°ã½ÏµÍ£¬¶øÇÒÊÇÊÜÉú³¤µ÷½ÚµÄ£¬Æä±í´ïÖ÷ÒªÓÐÈý¸öÌص㣺¢Ù¾ßÓзֻ¯½×¶ÎÌØÒìÐÔ£»¢Úϸ°ûÀàÐÍÌØÒìÐÔ£» ¢Ûϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÌØÒìÐÔ¡£ x)SW1U3TVx
2¡¢Ö×Áöϸ°ûÖÐÔ°©»ùÒòµÄ±í´ïÓÐ2¸ö±È½ÏÆÕ±éºÍÍ»³öµÄÌص㣺 )-_]y|/D:r
¢ÙһЩ԰©»ùÒò¾ßÓиßˮƽµÄ±í´ï³É¹ý¶È±í´ï• aF9p%HPDw
¢ÚÔ°©»ùÒòµÄ±í´ï³Ì¶ÈºÍ´ÎÐò·¢ÉúÎÉÂÒ£¬²»ÔÙ¾ßÓÐϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÌØÒìÐÔ¡£ 3YG[~o|4
3¡¢Ï¸°û·Ö»¯ÓëÔ°©»ùÒò±í´ï £® !c+Nf2I7S
ÔÚ·Ö»¯¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Óë·Ö»¯ÓйصÄÔ°©»ùÒò±í´ïÔö¼Ó£¬¶øÓëϸ°ûÔöÖ³ÓйصÄÔ°©»ùÒò±í´ïÊÜÒÖÖÆ¡£ K{}U[@_tS
¶þ£¬Ô°©»ùÒòµÄ½á¹¹¸Ä±äÓëÆä±í´ï¼¤»î `N_elf://n
(Ò»)µãÍ»±ä :D>afC8,
C--ras£º12¡¢13¡¢61λÃÜÂë×ÓµãÍ»±ä£¬´æÔÚÓÚ¶àÖÖÖ×Áö£® =7JvS~s
C-ras±àÂëµ°°×(21kD,P21)£ºRAS£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖGTP½áºÏµ°°×£¬¾ßGTPø»îÐÔ£¬ÊÇÖØÒªµÄÐźÅתµ¼·Ö×Ó£® 7|IOn5
(¶þ)ȾɫÌåÒ×λ (3DjFT3
w
ȾɫÌåÒ×λ(translocation)£ºÊÇȾɫÌåµÄÒ»²¿·ÖÒò¶ÏÁÑÍÑÀ룬²¢ÓëÆäËüȾɫÌåÁª½áµÄÖØÅŹý³Ì¡£ G`B e~NU
ÒòȾɫÌåÒ×λÔì³ÉµÄÔ°©»ùÒò¼¤»î£º Fq6sl}b(On
1¡¢ ÒòÒ×λʹ԰©»ùÒòÓëÁíÒ»»ùÒòÐγÉÈںϻùÒò£¬²úÉúÒ»¸ö¾ßÓÐÖ°©»îÐÔµÄÈںϵ°°×£¬ E|t.
3
Èçt(9£º22)ʹc-ablÓëbcrÈںϣ¬²úÉúÒ»¸öÖ°©µÄP210µ°°× Q2c|sK8
2¡¢ÒòÒ×λÃæʹ԰©»ùÒò±í´ïʧ¿Ø£¬Èçt(8£º14)Ò×λʹc-myc±í´ïʧ¿Ø£®
L7*,v5
(Èý)»ùÒòÀ©Ôö OS k+l
»ùÒòÀ©Ôö(gene amplification)¼´»ùÒò¿½±´ÊýÔö¼Ó£® =l_B58wrx
ÈçHL-60ºÍÆäËü°×Ѫ²¡Ï¸°û£¬C-mycÀ©Ôö8-22±¶£®ÆäËü£ºc-erb B£¬c-net£® x=g=e
<_
(ËÄ)LTR²åÈë )~{T
LTRÊÇÄæת¼²¡¶¾»ùÒò×éÁ½¶ËµÄ³¤Ä©¶ËÖظ´(long terminal repeat)£¬ÆäÖк¬ÓÐÇ¿Æô¶¯×ÓÐòÁС£ nyyKA_#:5
Èý¡¢Ô°©»ùÒò²úÎïµÄ¹¦ÄÜ w-%V9]J1
´ó¶àÊýÔ°©»ùÒò±àÂëµÄµ°°×Öʶ¼ÊǸ´ÔÓµÄϸ°ûÐźÅתµ¼ÍøÂçÖеijɷݣ¬ÔÚÐźÅתµ¼Í¾¾¶ÖÐÓÐ×ÅÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óã® v+.
n9
Ô°©»ùÒò²úÎï¿É×÷Ϊ£º zW^_w&fd^j
1¡¢Éú³¤Òò×Ó£¬Èçsis(PDGF-¦Â)£¬fgf¼Ò×å(int-2£¬csf-1µÈ) #-xsAKi
2¡¢Éú³¤Òò×ÓÊÜÌå(ÖÊĤ)£º¾ßÀÒ°±Ëáµ°°×¼¤Ã¸»îÐÔ£¬Èçneu£¬ht£¬met£¬erbB£¬trk£¬fms£¬ros-1µÈ¡£ nRYHp7`
3¡¢·ÇÊÜÌåÀÒ°±Ëáµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(ÖÊĤ£¯°ûÖÊ) WaY_{)x
Èçsrc¼Ò×壺src£¬syn£¬fyn£¬abl£¬lck£¬ros£¬yes£¬fes£¬retµÈ£® DJxe3<
4¡¢Ë¿°±ËᣯËÕ°±Ëáµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(°ûÖÊ)£ºÈçraf£¬raf-1£¬mos£¬pim-1£¬ C&\MDOjx
5¡¢Gµ°°×(ÖÊĤÄÚ²à)£¬¾ßGTP½áºÏ×÷ÓúÍGTPø»îÐÔ£¬Èçras¼Ò×åÖÐµÄ H-ras£¬K-ras£¬N-ras£¬ÒÔ¼°melºÍralµÈ£® £¬ #k
%$A}9
6£®ºËÄÚDNA½áºÏµ°°×(ת¼Òò×Ó) _l`d+
\#
Èçmyc¼Ò×壬fos¼Ò×壬Jun¼Ò×壬ets¼Ò×壬rel£¬erb A(Àà¹Ì´¼¼¤ËØÊÜÌå) \qx$h!<
µÚÈý½Ú ÒÖ°©»ùÒò OAoTsqj6
Ò»¡¢ÒÖ°©»ùÒòʧ»îÓëÔÓºÏÐÔ¶ªÊ§ ^}JGWGib=+
ÒÖ°©»ùÒòΪÒþÐÔ°©»ùÒò£¬Ö»Óз¢Éú´¿ºÏʧ»îʱ²Å¶ÔÖ×ÁöÐγÉÆð×÷Óã¬Í¨³£µÄ±íÏÖΪÒÖ°©»ùÒòµÄÒ»¸öµÈλ»ùÒò¶ªÊ§£¬ÃæÁíÒ»¸ö´æÁôµÄµÈλ»ùÒò·¢ÉúÍ»±ä(µãÍ»±ä¡¢Î¢È±Ê§£¬ÖØÅŵÈ)£¬µÈλ»ùÒò¶ªÊ§³£°éÓÐÒÖ°©»ùÒòÏàÁÚÇøÓòµÄÔÓºÏÐÔ¶ªÊ§(Loss of heterozygosity£¬LOH)£¬ td*1
LOSÖ¸Ö×ÁöÖÐÌض¨È¾É«ÌåÉÏijÖÖDNA¶à̬ÐÔ±êÖ¾(ÈçRFLP£¬VNTR¡¢STR»òSSCPµÈ)µÄµÈλ»ùÒòƬ¶ÎÔÚͬһ»¼ÕßÖÐÓÉÕý³£×éÖ¯»ùÒò×éÖеÄÁ½ÖÖ±äΪһÖÖ£¬¼´µÈλ»ùÒòÐÍÓÉÔÓºÏ×Ó±äΪ´¿ºÏ×Ó¡£ ~HWH2g
LOHÊÇÖ×Áöϸ°ûÖв¿·ÖȾɫÌåÇøÓòȱʧµÄ±íÏÖ¡£ [D!-~]5
¶þ¡¢ÒÖ°©»ùÒò²úÎïµÄ¹¦ÄÜ K(&I8vAp
ËÈÖªµÄÖ×ÁöÒÖÖÆ»ùÒò¼°Æäµ°°×²úÎ﹦ÄÜ G(g`>' m
»ùÒò Ïà¹Ø°© ²úÎï°ûÄÚ¶¨Î» ×÷Óà z_Em%
X
p53 Rb WT-1 APC DCC NF l RET VHL P16(MTS-1) WAF£¯CIPl BRCAl ·Î°©¡¢ÈéÏÙ°©µÈ£¨>51ÖÖ£© ÊÓÍøĤϸ°ûÁöµÈ vL>cYbJ<
wilm¡¯Ö×Áö ½á³¦°© ½á³¦°© Éñ¾ÏËά Áö¼××´ÏÙ°© Éö°© ºÚËØÁöµÈ(¶àÖÖ) ¶àÖÖÈéÏÙ°©¡¢¹¬¾±°©µÈ 0rM'VgB
ºË°ûÖÊ£¿ Õ³¸½·Ö×ÓGTPø¼¤»î¼ÁÊÜÌåÀÒ°±Ëἤø ת¼ÑÓÉìÒò×Ó CDKÒÖÖƼÁ CDKÒÖÖƼÁ ת¼Òò×Ó ÒÖ°©»ùÒòp53 q"Ct=d
ÈËP53»ùÒò¶¨Î»£º17P13£¬11¸öÍâÏÔ×Ó±àÂë393¸ö°±»ùËá¡£ sGg=4(D
p53»ùÒòÍ»±ä£º´æÔÚÓÚÒ»°ëÒÔÉϵÄÈËÖ×ÁöÖУ¬¶àΪµãÍ»±ä£¬Ö÷Òª·¢ÉúÓÚÍâÏÔ×Ó5-8,Èç¸Î°©ÖеÄ249ºÅÃÜÂë×ÓµÚ3¼î»ùG¡úT ,Óë»ÆÇúùËØB1Óйء£ s(~tL-_ K
P53µ°°×½á¹¹ºÍ¹¦ÄÜ£º OVwcjhQ
P53µ°°×ΪºËÄÚת¼Òò×Ó£¬°üÀ¨¢ÙºËÐÄÇøµÄDNA½áºÏÓò£»¢ÚN¶Ëת¼¼¤»îÓò£»¢ÛC¶Ë½éµ¼¹Ñ¾ÛÌ廯µÄ½á¹¹Óò¡£ MIV<"A
1¡¢ P53µÄÖÐÑëÓòʶ±ðºÍ½áºÏÒ»¸ö10bpµÄÆô¶¯×ÓÐòÁУ¬¿É¼¤»îת¼£¨Í¨¹ýN-¶ËµÄ·´Ê½¼¤»îÓò£©¡£P53Í»±ä´ó¶à·¢ÉúÓÚÖÐÑëDNA½áºÏÓò¡£ $ z4JUr!m
2¡¢ P53Ò²¿É½áºÏDNAËðÉËʱ²úÉúµÄµ¥Á´ÇøÓò¡£ v[k;R
3¡¢ P53ÊÇËľÛÌ壬¹Ñ¾Û»¯ÐèÒªC-¶ËÓò =t[hs l
4¡¢P53¼¤»îcki p21, ºóÕßÒÖÖÆϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÓÚG1ÆÚ. R,+Pcn$ws
5¡¢ p53 ¼¤»îÓ븺Ôð·øÉíËðÉ˵ÄÐÞ¸´µ°°×GADD45£¬Î¬³Ö»ùÒò×éÎȶ¨ÐÔ¡£ 1!(Og~#(
6¡¢P53ÓÕµ¼µòÍöµÄ»úÖÆÉв»Çå³þ¡£ 4b\R@Knu
7¡¢Õý³£Çé¿öÏÂp53ÒÔµÍˮƽ´æÔÚ£¬°ëË¥Æڶ̡£DNAËðÉËÎȶ¨P53²¢Ôö¼ÓÆäת¼»îÐÔ }XOTK^YA
8¡¢Mdm2ʹp53²»Îȶ¨£¬Ò×±»½µ½â£¬²¢ÄÜÖ±½ÓÒÖÖÆÆ䷴ʽ¼¤»î»îÐÔ£¨Mdm2ÊÇ°©»ùÒò£© \fX0&l;T9\
µÚÎåÕ ÐźÅתµ¼ ua!i3]18
ϸ°ûÍâÐźÅͨ¹ýÓëϸ°û±íÃæµÄÊÜÌåÏ໥×÷ÓÃת±äΪ°ûÄÚÐźŲ¢ÔÚϸ°ûÄÚ´«µÝµÄ¹ý³Ì³ÆΪÐźÅתµ¼(signal transduction) w'[^RZW:j
¿çĤÐźÅתµ¼¹ý³Ì°üÀ¨£º Ijg//=
1£¬°ûÍâÐźű»ÖÊĤÉϵÄÌØÒìÐÔÊÜÌåµ°°×ʶ±ð£¬ÊÜÌå±»»î»¯£» c(@(j8@S
2£¬Í¨¹ý°ûÄÚÐźÅתµ¼Îï(µ°°×¼¤Ã¸£¬µÚ¶þÐÅʹµÈ) µÄÏ໥×÷Óô«µÝÐźţ» !hMD>B2Z
3£¬Ðźŵ¼ÖÂЧӦÎïµ°°×µÄ»î»¯£¬Òý·¢Ï¸°ûÓ¦´ð£¨È缤»îºËÄÚת¼Òò×Ó£¬µ÷½Ú»ùÒò±í´ï£©¡£ ; 9n} P@
µÚÒ»½Ú °ûÄÚÐÅʹ x9DG87P~+
ϸ°ûÄÚÐÅʹ(intracellular messenger)ÊǾßÓÐÐÅÏ¢´«µÝ×÷ÓõÄһЩС·Ö×Ó£¬Ò²³ÆΪµÚ¶þÐÅʹ(second messengers)¡£ e8Ul^]
Ò»¡¢cAMP{»·Á×ËáÏÙÜÕ) £¬ A7`+XqG
Éú³É£º ÏÙÜÕËá»·»¯Ã¸´ß»¯ATPÉú³ÉcAMP; ";kwh8wB
´úл£º cAMPÁ×Ëá¶þõ¥Ã¸Ë®½âcAMP²úÉú5¡¯-AMP wBuos}/
¹¦ÄÜ£º £¬
=,MX%-2
¢Ù¼¤»îµ°°×¼¤Ã¸A g!QX#_~Il
¢ÚÒÖÖƵ°°×Á×Ëáõ¥Ã¸ i%FpPni
¶þ¡¢cGMP(»·Á×ËáÄñÜÕ) =c-Y >
Éú³Éø£ºÄñÜÕËá»·»¯Ã¸ zl]Ic' _i
´úлø£ºcGMPÁ×Ëá¶þõ¥Ã¸ 5WlBe
c@
¹¦ÄÜ£º¢Ù¼¤»îµ°°×¼¤Ã¸G ¢Úµ÷¿Øϸ°ûĤÀë×ÓͨµÀ k<Y}BvAYB
Èý¡¢ÈýÁ×Ëἡ´¼£¨inositol triphosphate,IP3£©ºÍ¸ÊÓͶþõ¥£¨diacyglycerol, DAG£© zfsGf'U
G-µ°°×żÁªÊÜÌ弤»îÁ×֬øC¦ÂÉú³ÉIP3¼°DAG qS9z0H
LE
¹¦ÄÜ£º yQ [n7du
1¡¢IP3£º¿ª·Å°ûÄڸƿ⣬¼¤»îCa2+;¾¶£® U} K]W>Z
2¡¢DAD£ºÔÚCa2+ºÍÁ×Ö¬õ£Ë¿°±Ëá´æÔÚÏ£¬¼¤»îµ°°×¼¤Ã¸C£¬ cv=H6j]h|
ËÄ¡¢¸ÆÀë×Ó mXSs:FqE!
ϸ°ûÄÚ¸ÆÀë×ÓÖ÷ÒªÖü´æÓÚ°ûÄڸƿâ(È缡ϸ°ûµÄ¼¡½¬Íø£¬SR)ºÍÏßÁ£ÌåÖС£ ku3(cb!2
ϸ°ûÖÊĤÁ½Õ¡[Ca2+]¿çĤÌݶȣºÏ¸°ûÍâÒº>>°û½¬ hifC.guK
°û½¬ÄÚ[Ca2+]µÄµ÷½Úһͨ¹ý(ÖÊĤºÍ¸Æ¿âĤÉϵÄ)¸ÆÀë×ÓͨµÀ(½øÈë)ºÍ¸Æ±Ã(³ö)£¬ r|ID]}w
¸ÆͨµÀ¿ª·ÅµÄÌõ¼þ£º Qi;62M
¢ÙÖÊĤ»ò¸Æ¿âĤȥ¼«»¯(¿ÉÐË·Üϸ°û)£» srGF=1_
³É¢ÚIP3½éµ¼¸Æ¿âĤÉϸÆͨµÀ¿ª·Å(ÈκÎϸ°û)£® E,}(jAq7
¸Æ±Ã¼¤»î£®ÏßÁ£Ìå¸Æ±ÃµÄ×÷Óã® x :? EL)(
Ca2+¹¦ÄÜ£ºÓë¸Æµ÷µ°°×(calmodulin, CaM)½áºÏÐγÉCa2+•CaM¸´ºÏÎ K ; eR)
¢Ù¼¤»îÏÙÜÕËá»·»¯Ã¸ºÍÁ×Ëá¶þõ¥Ã¸£¬¢Ú¼¤»îCa2+•CaMÒÀÀµµ°°×¼¤Ã¸ w(N$$
¸ÆͨµÀ×è¶Ï¼Á¼°ÆäÁÙ´²Ó¦Óᣠz+5%.^Re
Îå¡¢Ò»Ñõ»¯µª(NO) fG,)`[eD!_
NOºÏ³Éø´ß»¯L-¾«°±ËáÉú³ÉNOºÍëÒ°±Ëá SZVAf|]Yg
NOºÏ³Éø(NOS)·ÖÀࣺ¢ÙÉñ¾ÔªÐÍ(nNOS)£® r.ib"W#4
¢ÚÄÚƤϸ°ûÐÍ(ecNOS) lD-HQd
¢ÛÓÕµ¼ÐÍ£¨iNOS) X(npgkVP\
¹¦ÄÜ£º¼¤»îÎÚÜÕËá»·»¯Ã¸£¬´Ì¼¤cGMPºÏ³É¡£ Gl6M(<f\5
NOµÄÉúÀí²¡Àí×÷Óà ~(x"Y\PEu
µÚ¶þ½Ú µ°°×¼¤Ã¸ºÍµ°°×Á×Ëáõ¥Ã¸ 4(%LG)a4S
µ°°×¼¤Ã¸(Protein kinase£¬PK)´ß»¯µ°°×Öʵĺ¬ôÇ»ù°±»ùËá(Ë¿£¯ËÕºÍÀÒ)µÄ²àÁ´ôÇ»ùÐγÉÁ×Ëáõ¥£¨ATPµÄ¦ÃÁ×Ëá»ùתÒÆÖÁÑõ£©£® <- (n48
µ°°×ÖÊÁ×Ëáõ¥Ã¸(Protein phosphatase£¬PPase)´ß»¯Á×Ëáµ°°×µÄÁ×Ëáõ¥¼üË®½â¶øÈ¥Á×Ëữ¡£ _@D"XL#L
ϸ°ûÄÚÈκÎÒ»ÖÖµ°°×ÖʵÄÁ×Ëữ״̬ÊÇÓɵ°°×¼¤Ã¸ºÍµ°°×Á×Ëáõ¥Ã¸µÄÁ½ÖÖÏ෴ø»îÐÔÖ®¼äµÄƽºâ¾ö¶¨µÄ¡£ Vpe\Okt:
µ°°×ÖÊ¿ÉÄæÁ×ËữµÄµ÷½ÚÔÚÐźÅתµ¼¹ý³ÌÖÐÓÐÖØÒª×÷Óã¬ÊÇϸ°ûÉúÃü»î¶¯µÄµ÷¿ØÖÐÐÄ¡£ ?'^dYQ4
Ò»¡¢ÐźÅתµ¼¹ý³ÌÖеĵ°°×¼¤Ã¸ )qeed-{
{Ò»)Ë¿°±ËᣯËÕ°±Ëáµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(Ser£¯Thr PK) oIv\Xdc8 1
ÊÇÒ»´óÀàÌØÒìµØ´ß»¯µ°°×ÖʵÄË¿°±ËáºÍËÕ°±Ëá²Ð»ùÁ×ËữµÄ¼¤Ã¸¼Ò×壬²ÎÓë¶àÖÖÐźÅתµ¼¹ý³Ì¡£ yt{?+|tXU
1¡¢µ°°×¼¤Ã¸A£¨PKA) 7m.>2U
-cAMPÒÀÀµÐÔµ°°×¼¤Ã¸. Ve[[J"ze
PKAÓÉÁ½¸ö´ß»¯ÑÇ»ùCºÍÁ½¸öµ÷½ÚÑÇ»ùRËù¹¹³É K#kMz#B+i
PKA²ÎÓëcAMP½éµ¼µÄת¼ˮƽµ÷¿Ø¡£ miB+'n"zS
PKAµÄÆäËü(ÏÂÓÎ)µ×Î¢Ù¶àÖÖ´úлÏà¹Øø¢ÚºËÄÚ×éµ°°×ºÍ·Ç×éµ°°×¢ÛĤµ°°×µÈ¡£ $g!iy'4n*
2¡¢µ°°×¼¤Ã¸C(PKC) y7T<Auue`
-Ca2+¼¤»îµÄ£¯Á×Ö¬ÒÀÀµÐÔµ°°×¼¤Ã¸£® ly::?
µ÷½Ú£º¿É±»Ca2+£¬DAGºÍÁ×Ö¬õ£Ë¿°±Ëἤ»î£®TPA(·ð²¨õ¥)Ò²¿É¼¤»î£® 4XgzNwm
PKC·Ö×ÓÓÉN-¶ËµÄµ÷½ÚÇøºÍC¡ª¶Ë´ß»¯Çø£¨Ç×Ë®µÄµ°°×¼¤Ã¸½á¹¹Óò£©Ëù×é³É¡£ D zdKBJT +
PKCÓжàÖÖÑÇÐÍ(>12ÖÖ)£® 71c(Nw~iQ
PKC¿É¼¤»î£º &l~9FE*
¢ÙÊÜÌ壬ÈçEGFR£¬ÒȵºËØÊÜÌ壬ϸ°ûÒò×ÓÊÜÌåµÈ¡£ 4G'-"u^g
¢Úϸ°û¹Ç¼Üµ°°×ÈçMap£¬Tau£® OV/
&'rC
¢ÚĤµ°°×£¬ÈçNa+-H+½»»»µ°°×£¬Ca2+-ATPøµÈ£® X@\ 9}*9
¢ÜºËµ°°×£¯×ªÂ¼Òò×Ó£¬ÆðʼÒò×ӵȣ¬ <N8z<o4rku
¢ÝÐźÅתµ¼ÎïÈçÄñÜÕËá»·»¯Ã¸£¬Raf-1µÈ£® E]0Qz?
W
3¡¢Ca2+•¸Æµ÷µ°°×ÒÀÀµÐÔµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(Cam-PK) IqCh4y3
Cam-PKIIÊÇÒ»Öֶ๦Äܵĵ°°×¼¤Ã¸£® |F49<7XB[~
4¡£cGMPÒÀÀµµÄµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(PKG) 2Ft#S8
¹¦ÄÜ£ºµ÷½Ú°ûÄÚ¸ÆÀë×Ó£® t
tY[\D&ZS
5£¬DNAÒÀÀµµÄµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(DNA-PK) 3|(3jIa
µ÷½Ú£º½áºÏÓÎÀëDNAƬ¶Îºó±»¼¤»î£¬ 3'!*/UnU
µ×ÎºËÄÚDNA½áºÏµ°°×ºÍת¼Òò×Ó£¬ÈçSPl£¬Fos£¯Jun£¬MycºÍP53£¬ &*; Z(ul&9
×÷Ó㺢ٲÎÓëDNAÐÞ¸´ºÍÖØ×é, KT0Pmpp5
¢Úͨ¹ý¼¤»îTFµ÷½Ú»ùÒò±í´ï; ;umbld0
¢Û²ÎÓëϸ°ûÖÜÆڵĹؿ¨»úÖÆ(Checkpoint). $msf~M*
6£®Ë¿ÁÑÔ¼¤»îµÄµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(Mitogen-activated protein kinase£¬ MAPK) &sooXKlv|
µ÷½Ú£ºMAPK¼¤Ã¸-MAPKK£¨MEK£©¡£ N>IkK*v
ÏÂÓε×ÎºËÄÚת¼Òò×ÓÈçMyc£¬Jun£¬Ets¼°ÆäËü°ûÄÚµ°°×£® /Zg4JQ~
(¶þ)ÀÒ°±Ëáµ°°×¼¤Ã¸£¨Tyrosine protein kinase£¬TPK) J~}i}|YC>
¡ªÌØÒìµØ´ß»¯µ°°×ÖʵÄÀÒ°±Ëá²Ð»ùÁ×Ëữ£¬ H^XTzE
µ°°×ÖÊÀÒ°±ËáÁ×ËữÔÚϸ°ûÉú³¤£¬·Ö»¯ºÍת»¯µÄµ÷½ÚÖÐÆðÖØÒª×÷Óᣠ)v %tyU
1¡¢¾µäµÄsrc¼¤Ã¸¼Ò×å ]3d5kf
Ô°©»ùÒòc-srcµ°°×²úÎïSrcÊÇÒ»ÖÖÀÒ°±Ëáµ°°×¼¤Ã¸£¬ËüÓÐÈý¸ö»ù±¾½á¹¹Óò£º´ÓC-¶ËÖÁN--¶ËÒÀ´ÎΪSH1¡¢SH2£¬SH3(SH=src homolog)¡£ j/uzsu+
SHl½á¹¹Óò£º¾ßÀÒ°±Ëἤø»îÐÔ£¬ hR,5U=+M7
SH2½á¹¹Óò£ºÄÜʶ±ð²¢½áºÏº¬Á×ËữÀÒ°±ËáµÄ¶ÌÐòÁУ¬ |N0RBa4%
SH½á¹¹Óò£ºÍ¨¹ý¸¬°±ËáºÍÊèË®ÐÔ°±»ùËá²Ð»ùÓë°Ðµ°°×½áºÏ£¬ p:xVi0
Src¼Ò×壺°üÀ¨Ô°©»ùÒòsrc£¬yes£¬lyn£¬fyn£¬lck£¬blk£¬fgr£¬bcdºÍyrk±àÂëµ°°×£¬ËüÃǶ¼ÓÐTPK»îÐÔ£®¹²Í¬²ÎÓëϸ°ûת»¯µÄÐźÅתµ¼¹ý³Ì£® {j%7/T{
SH2½á¹¹ÓòÔÚÐźÅתµ¼Í¾¾¶ÖеÄÖØÒª×÷ÓãºÓÉÓÚº¬SH2½á¹¹ÓòµÄÐźÅתµ¼·Ö×Ó¿ÉÒÔʶ±ðºÍ½áºÏÆäËûº¬Á×ËữÀÒ°±ËáµÄµ°°×£¬Òò´Ë£¬Í¨¹ýµ°°×ÖʵÄÀÒ°±ËáÁ×Ëữ£¯È¥Á×Ëữµ÷½Ú¿ÉÒÔ¾ö¶¨ÐźÅתµ¼·Ö×ӵĽáºÏÓë½âÀ룬´Ó¶øµ¼ÖÂÐźŵĿªÆô»ò¹Ø±Õ¡£ yJ?=HH?
2¡¢JAKÄÛø¼Ò×å \9 k3;zw
JAK(Janus kinase)¼¤Ã¸¼Ò×å°üÀ¨Jakl£¬Jak2£¬Jak3£¬Tyk2µÈ£¬ .q'{3
Jak¼¤Ã¸¾ßÓÐÒ»¸öTPK½á¹¹ÓòºÍÒ»¸ö¼¤Ã¸Ñù½á¹¹Óò£¬ËüÃÇÓëSrcµÄTPk¼¤Ã¸½á¹¹Óò¾ßÓÐͬԴÐÔ£¬µ«JaK¼¤Ã¸Ã»ÓÐSH2£¬SH3½á¹¹Óò£» 0}q*s!
Jak¼¤Ã¸Ö÷Òª²ÎÓëϸ°ûÒò×ÓµÄÐźÅתµ¼£® #@<L$"L
¶þ¡¢µ°°×Á×Ëáõ¥Ã¸¶ÔÁ×ËữµÄµ÷½Ú 2U
) 0k*
(Ò»)¡¢Ë¿°±ËᣯËÕ°±Ëáµ°°×Á×Ëáõ¥Ã¸ V82hk0*j
ÕâÀàøѡÔñÐÔµØ×÷ÓÃÓÚº¬Á×ËáË¿°±Ëá»òÁ×ËáËÕ°±Ëá²Ð»ùµÄëÄÁ´£¬Ê¹Ö®ÍÑÈ¥Á×Ëá»ùÍŲ¢¸Ä±äÉúÎï»îÐÔ£® s} oD?h:T3
Ö÷Òª³ÉÔ±£ºPPl£¬PP2A£¬PP2B£¬PP2C£¬µÈ£® ]~9YRVeC
PP2A£¬´ß»¯ÑÇ»ù¼°Æ书ÄÜ£® |H;+9(
(¶þ)ÀÒ°±Ëáµ°°×Á×Ëáõ¥Ã¸(PTPase) Dyh|F\T
µ°°×ÖÊÀÒ°±ËáÁ×Ëáõ¥Ã¸´ß»¯Á×ËữÀÒ°±Ëá²Ð»ùµÄÈ¥Á×Ëữ·´Ó¦£¬ÓëÏàÓ¦µÄÀÒ°±Ëáµ°°×¼¤Ã¸¹²Í¬µ÷½Úµ°°×ÖʵÄÁ×Ëữˮƽ£¬ u2cDSRrqT
PTPase¼Ò×å¿É·ÖΪ2Àࣺ RP%FMb}nt
1¡¢°ûÖÊÐÍ(·ÇÊÜÌåÐÍ)£ºÐ¡µÄ¿ÉÈÜÐÔµ°°×£¬Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸ö´ß»¯½á¹¹Óò£¬ ORhvo,.u
ÌصãÊǺÏÓÐSH2 domain£¬ÈçPTPlC£¬£¬PTPlBµÈ£® £¬ J#?z/ 3v(
2£®ÊÜÌåÐÍ(PTPR)£¬ÊÇ´óµÄ¿çĤµ°°×£¬ÌصãÊÇÓÐ2¸ö´®ÁªµÄ°û½¬´ß»¯½á¹¹Óò£¬Èç°×ϸ°û¹²Í¬¿¹ÔCD45£¬ ^=y%s
PTPlC(´æÔÚÓÚÔìѪϸ°û)£ºN¶Ë2¸ö´®ÁªÖظ´µÄSH2½á¹¹Óò{ʶ±ðTyr•P£¬²¢Ö¸µ¼µ°°×Óëµ°°×½áºÏ)£¬C¶ËΪÁ×Ëáõ¥Ã¸´ß»¯½á¹¹Óò¡£ U4h5K}j4
Jak¿É×÷ΪPTP1Cµ×Î vvF]g.,
PTPase»ùÒò¿ÉÄÜÊÇÖ×ÁöÒÖÖÆ»ùÒò£® U<wM#l
P|Z
µÚÈý½Ú ϸ°ûĤÊÜÌå½éµ¼µÄÐźÅתµ¼ @cn8 m
Ò»¡¢ÊÜÌåµÄ·ÖÀà )pG*_q
ÖÊĤÊÜÌåºÍ°ûÄÚÊÜÌ壨°û½¬»òºËÊÜÌ壬ÈçÀà¹Ì´¼¼¤ËØÊÜÌ壩 j>Cp4
ĤÊÜÌåµÄ·ÖÀࣺ g])iU9)8
£¨Ò»£©Gµ°°×ñîÁªÊÜÌå¼Ò×å !_>o2
ÓÖ³ÆΪÆߴοèĤÊÜÌå¼Ò×壬ÌصãÊǾßÓÐÆ߶οçĤµÄ¦ÁÂÝÐý½á¹¹£¬±¾ÉíÎÞø»îÐÔ£¬°û½¬²àëÄÁ´ÉÏÓÐÁ×Ëữλµã£¬ÊÜÌ幦ÄÜÊÜÁ×Ëữµ÷½Ú¡£³ÉÔ±£»ÉöÉÏÏÙËØÊÜÌå¡¢¶à°ÍÊÜÌå¡¢ÊÓ×Ϻ쵰°×µÈ¡£ @gk{wh>c
£¨¶þ£©ÀÒ°±ËἤøÊÜÌå¼Ò×å RAFdo
ÊÜÌå±¾Éí°û½¬²àÓе°°×ÀÒ°±Ëἤø»îÐÔ£¬²¢ÇÒ°û½¬²àëÄÁ´ÉÏÓÐ×ÔÉíÁ×Ëữλµã£¬Åä»ù½áºÏºóÊÜÌåÐγɶþ¾ÛÌ壬¶þ¾ÛÌåÖÐÿ¸öÑÇ»ù¿ÉÒÔÁ×Ëữ¶ÔÓ¦µÄÁíÒ»ÑÇ»ù£¬´Ó¶øÆô¶¯ÐźÅתµ¼¡£ w/@ tH
ÕâÀàÊÜÌåÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨¶àÊýÉú³¤Òò×ÓÊÜÌå(ÈçIGF£¬EGF£¬PDGF£¬NGF£¬SCF£¬HGFµÈÉú³¤Òò×ÓµÄÊÜÌå)£¬³ýÒȵºËØÊÜÌåÍ⣬ÕâÀàÊÜÌå¾ùÓÉÒ»ÌõëÄÁ´×é³É£® V:2{LR<R8
(Èý)ϸ°ûÒò×ÓÊÜÌå¼Ò×å wS+j^
;"
ÕâÀàÊÜÌå±¾ÉíÎÞTPK»îÐÔ£¬µ«Æä°û½¬²à½üĤ²¿·ÖÓзÇÊÜÌåÀÒ°±Ëáµ°°×¼¤Ã¸µÄ½áºÏλµã£¬ÔÚÅä»ùÓëÊÜÌå½áºÏºó£¬ÊÜÌå·¢Éú¶þ¾Û»¯»ò¹Ñ¾Û»¯£¬²¢¼¤»îJak×åµ°°×ÀÒ°±Ëἤø£® N_?15R7h
´ËÀàÊÜÌå°üÀ¨Ï¸°ûÒò×ÓÊÜÌåÒÔ¼°Éú³¤¼¤ËØ¡¢´ÙÈéËصÈÊÜÌ壮 ~r&+18Z;
ϸ°ûÒò×Ó(cytokine)£ºÊÇÁÜ°Íϸ°ûºÍÔìѪϸ°û²úÉúµÄÒ»´óÀà¶Ôϸ°ûÉú³¤ºÍ·Ö»¯Óе÷½Ú×÷Óõĵ°°×Òò×Ó¡£°üÀ¨¸ÉÈÅËØ(IFN)¡¢°×ϸ°û½éËØ(IL)¡¢°×Ѫ²¡ÒÖÖÆÒò×Ó£¨LIF£©¡¢ÒÖ°©ËØMµÈ (µ«IL-8RΪGµ°°×źÁªÊÜÌå) t<MO~_`!
(ËÄ)Àë×ÓͨµÀÊÜÌå 64t:
ÓëÅä»ù½áºÏºó¹¹³ÉÀë×ÓͨµÀ£¬Ö÷Òª´æÔÚÓÚÉñ¾Í»´¥£¬ÈçÒÒõ£µ¨¼î(ACH)£¬5-HTÊÜÌåµÈ¡£ 6/&|)gW',
¶þ¡¢Gµ°°×½éµ¼µÄÐźÅתµ¼ ¡£ H Yw7*
Gµ°°×źÁªÊÜÌåµÄÐźÅתµ¼Í¾¾¶ÓÉÈý²¿·Ö×é³É£º :\~YbA
¢Ùϸ°ûĤÊÜÌ壻¢ÚGµ°°×¢ÛЧӦÎï(effector)£¬ÆäÖÐGµ°°×½«ÊÜÌåÓëЧӦÎïźÁª£®
#M|q}jA|
G-µ°°×(G-protein)ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÄñÜÕËá½áºÏµ°°×£¬ÊÇÓɦÁ¡¢¦ÂºÍ¦ÃÈý¸öÑÇ»ù×é³ÉµÄÒìÈý¾ÛÌ壬 ¶à£¬¦ÂºÍ¦ÃÑÇ»ù×ÜÊǽôÃܽáºÏÔÚÒ»Æð×÷Ϊһ¸ö¹¦Äܵ¥Î»G¦Â¦Ã d?)Ic1][
G¦ÁÑÇ»ù¿É·ÖΪGs,Go,Gi,GqµÈ£¬Æä»îÐԿɱ»»ôÂÒ¶¾ËØ£¨CT£©»ò°ÙÈտȶ¾ËØ£¨PT£©ÐÞÊΡ£ $j/#IzD1D
G-µ°°×½éµ¼µÄÐźÅתµ¼µÄ»úÖÆ£ºG-µ°°×Ñ»·¡£ zh9B8r)C
G-prµÄЧӦÎÀë×ÓͨµÀ¡¢ÏÙÜÕËá»·»¯Ã¸¡¢Á×֬øC¡¢Á×֬øA2µÈ 9EWw
Èý¡¢RAS-MAPKÐźÅתµ¼Í¾¾¶ S>y}|MG
1¡¢Í¾¾¶ÖеÄÐźŷÖ×Ó `IJTO_
Ras£º¾ßÄñÜÕËá½áºÏ»îÐÔµÄÒ»ÖÖ°û½¬µ°°×£¨ÓëG-µ°°×²»Í¬£© hQaa"U7[
Ras»îÐÔÓëÆä½áºÏµÄÄñÜÕËáÓйء£ .qrS[ w
ÄñÜÕËá½»»»Òò×Ó£¨SOS£© u^( s0q
Ras•GDP Ras•GTP Gp2Cwyv
(ʧ»î) GTPø¼¤»îµ°°×£*****AP£© £¨¼¤»î£© YqYobL*q/
½ÓÍ·µ°°×£ºÉú³¤Òò×ÓÊÜÌå½áºÏµ°°×Grb2£¬Í¨¹ýÆäSH2½á¹¹ÓòÓëTyr±»Á×ËữµÄÊÜÌå½áºÏ£¬Í¬Ê±Í¨¹ýÆäSH3ÓòÓë¾ßÓÐpro¸»¼¯ÇøµÄSOS½áºÏ£¬²¢Í¨¹ýSOS»î»¯Rasµ°°×£® >Zh^,T={G
2¡¢Ras-MAPK;¾¶£º :"`1}Q
Éú³¤Òò×Ó¡úÉú³¤Òò×ÓÊÜÌå(¾ßÀÒ°±Ëἤø»îÐÔ)¡úº¬ÓÐSH2½á¹¹ÓòµÄ½ÓÍ·µ°°×(ÈçGrb2)¡úÄñÜÕËá½»»»Òò×ÓSOS¡úRas-GTP¡úRafl¡úMAPKK£¨MEK£©¡úMAPK¡úת¼Òò×Ó¡úµ÷½Ú»ùÒò±í´ï¡£ )p[Qj58
3£®Ras-MAPK;¾¶µÄµ÷½Ú :Jo[bm
¢ÙRas-MAPK;¾¶ÖÐÐźÅתµ¼·Ö×ÓµÄÍ»±ä(ÈçRas)ºÍ±í´ïÁ¿µÄ¸Ä±ä£® fr8hT(,s)
¢ÚÆäËûÐźÅתµ¼Í¾¾¶µÄÓ°Ïì cQ(,M
cAMP-PKA£ºÒÖÖÆRaf-1£» PKC£º»î»¯Raf~l£¬ ~z7Fz"o<
ËÄ¡¢Jak-stat;¾¶£º Dw.Pv)'$
STAT£ºÐźÅתµ¼ÎïÓëת¼¼¤»î¼Á£¨signal transducer and activators of transcription£© iJr(;Bq
ÖÁÉÙ6ÖÖ£¬·Ö×ÓÁ¿84-113KD£¬º¬Ò»¸öSH2½á¹¹Óò(ôȶË)£¬Ò»¸öSH3Ñù½á¹¹Óò£¬²¢ºÏÓÐDNA½áºÏÓò£¬StatµÄ¼¤»îÒÀÀµÍ¨¹ýÁ×ËữÐγɶþ¾ÛÌ壮 HjZf3VwI
rmPJid[8B~
Jak-Stat;¾¶£º :b<<
ϸ°ûÒò×Ó¡úÊÜÌå(¶þ¾ÛÌ廯)¡úJak¡úStat¡úStat¶þ¾ÛÌå(»î»¯)¡úÒ×λÖÁºË£¬Ó°Ïìת¼£® • 6NGQU%Hd
µÚÁùÕ ϸ°ûÖÜÆÚ¼°Æäµ÷½Ú '%*/iH6<U{
ϸ°ûÔöÖ³(cell proliferation)Óëϸ°ûÉú³¤·ÖÁÑÖÜÆÚ£® 2C#b-Y1~N
µÚÒ»½Ú ϸ°ûÖÜÆÚ Xuj=V?5
Ò»¡¢Ï¸°ûÖÜÆÚ(cell cycle)£ºÖ¸Ç×´úϸ°û·ÖÁѽáÊøµ½×Ó´úϸ°û·ÖÁѽáÊøËù¾ÀúµÄ¹ý³Ì£¬Õâ¸ö¹ý³ÌËùÐèµÄʱ¼ä³ÆΪϸ°ûÖÜÆÚʱ¼ä¡£
U|v@v@IBA
ϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÓÉG1¡¢S¡¢G2ºÍMÆÚ×é³É(G1¡¢SºÍG2ÆÚÓֺϳÆΪ·ÖÁѼäÆÚ)¡£ Ie4Xk
G1(Gap1)ÆÚ£ºDNAºÏ³ÉÇ°ÆÚ(¸´ÖÆÇ°ÆÚ)£¬´ÓÉÏ´ÎÓÐË¿·ÖÁÑÍê³Éµ½DNA¸´ÖÆ֮ǰµÄ½×¶Î; 4v.i!U#
{
SÆÚ£ºDNA¸´ÖÆÆÚ; spTIhZ
G2ÆÚ£ººÏ³ÉºóÆÚ£¬´ÓDNA¸´ÖÆÍê³ÉÖÁÓÐË¿·ÖÁÑ¿ªÊ¼; -P28pVX`
MÆÚ£ºÓÐË¿·ÖÁÑ(Mitosis)ÆÚ£¬°üÀ¨ºË·ÖÁѺͰûÖÊ·ÖÁÑ£®
DlQ*'PX7
MÆÚ½áÊøºóÐγÉÁ½¸öеÄ×Óϸ°û¡£ O[
z-K K<
×¢£º¢Ù²»Í¬Ï¸°ûµÄϸ°ûÖÜÆÚʱ¼ä²»Í¬£¬Ò»°ãS+G2+MÆڽϺ㶨£¬¶øG1Æڱ仯½Ï´ó£¬Òò¶øËü¾ö¶¨ÁËϸ°ûÖÜÆÚʱ¼äµÄ³¤¶Ì£» LcGG~P|ML
¢ÚG1ÆÚϸ°ûÓÐÈýÖÖ¿ÉÄܵÄÇ÷Ïò£º1)½øÈëSÆÚ(¼´½øÈëϸ°ûÖÜÆÚ)£®2)´¦ÓÚ¾²Ö¹ÆÚ¼´CoÆÚ(ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ¿ÉÖØнøÈëÔöÖ³ÖÜÆÚ)£¬3)·Ö»¯¡¢Ë¥ÀÏ¡¢µòÍö¡£ J1Oe`my
¶þ¡¢Ï¸°ûÖÜÆÚÖи÷ʱÏàµÄÖ÷ÒªÉú»¯Ê¼þ r_pZK(G%
ϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÖÐÿÆÚ¶¼ÓÐÆäÌØÊ⹦ÄÜ£¬ÆäÖÐSÆÚµÄDNA¸´ÖƺÍMÆÚϸ°ûºËµÄÓÐË¿·ÖÁÑÊÇϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÖÐ2¸ö×î¹Ø¼üµÄ¹ý³Ì£º
MsP`w3b
1¡¢G1ÆÚ£ºÎªDNA¸´ÖÆ×÷×¼±¸£¬G1ÔçÆںϳɸ÷ÖÖRNA¡¢½á¹¹µ°°×ºÍøµÈ£¬Ï¸°ûͨ¹ýÒ»¸öÏÞÖƵã(restriction point£¬Rµã)ºóÔÚG1ºóÆںϳÉDNA¸´ÖÆÓйصĵ°°×ºÍø¡£ ~>S? m;
ÔÚ¿ªÊ¼ºÏ³ÉDNA֮ǰÓÐÒ»¸ö¹Ø¿¨(checkpoint)£¬¼ì²éȾɫÌåDNAÊÇ·ñÓÐËðÉË£¬ÈçÓÐÔòÏÈÒª½øÐÐÐÞ¸´¡£ $mn+
2¡¢SÆÚ£ºDNA(°üèé¶ËÁ£)µÄ¸´ÖƼ°×éµ°°×ºÏ³É¡¢ºËСÌå×°Å䣮SÆÚºóÿһȾɫÌ帴ÖƳÉ2¸öȾɫµ¥Ìå• x,#?
S¡úG2Æڹؿ¨£º¼ì²éDNA¸´ÖÆÊÇ·ñÍê³É =qS\+
3¡¢G2ÆÚ£ºÎªÓÐË¿·ÖÁÑ×÷×¼±¸£®ÓÐRNAºÍ·Ç×éµ°°×ºÏ³É¡£ 3mT6HGSKR
4¡¢MÆÚ£ºÈ¾É«ÌåŨËõÒ»·Â´¸ÌåÐγɡúȾɫÌå·ÖÀë²¢ÒÆÏòϸ°ûÁ½¶Ë¡úȾɫÌå½â¾Û£¬ÐγÉÁ½¸öкˡú°ûÖÊ·ÖÁÑ¡£ (~]0)J
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÖÜÆÚËØÒÀÀµÐÔµ°°×¼¤»ÞÓëϸ°ûÖÜÆÚµ÷½Ú #
f }ORA
ÖÜÆÚËØÒÀÀµÐÔµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(cyclin-dependent kinases£¬CDKs) ͨ¹ýʹÌØÒìµ×ÎïÁ×Ëữµ÷½Úϸ°ûÖÜÆÚ½øÐУ¬Æä»îÐÔÒÀÀµÓëÖÜÆÚËØ(cyclin)½áºÏÐγɸ´ºÏÎï¡£ h4=7{0[
Ò»¡¢ÖÜÆÚËØ-ÖÜÆÚËØÒÀÀµÐÔµ°°×¼¤Ã¸ s \q
m
ÖÜÆÚËؼÒ×åºÍÖÜÆÚËØÒÀÀµµ°°×¼¤Ã¸(CDK)¼Ò×壮 }nMp.7b
ϸ°ûÖÜÆڵIJ»Í¬Ê±Ïà±í´ï²»Í¬cyc-CDK£¬ÕâЩcyc-CDK¸´ºÏÎïÔÚ¸÷²»Í¬µÄϸ°ûÖÜÆÚ¹ý¶ÉµãÆð×÷Óã® kD#hfYs)i
1¡¢G1ÆÚcyc-CDK W4]jx]
G1ÆÚ±í´ïµÄÖÜÆÚËØΪÖÜÆÚËØC¡¢D£¨D1¡¢D2¡¢D3)ºÍE¡£ Y
>U_l:_^
D×åÖÜÆÚËØÖ÷ÒªÓëCDK4(ÒÔ¼°CDK2¡¢CDK5¡¢CDK6)½áºÏ³É»îÐԵĵ°°×¼¤Ã¸¸´ºÏÎ¶Ôϸ°ûͨ¹ýRµã(G0¡úG1¹ý¶ÉÓÐÖØÒª×÷Óᣠ7rIEpN>*
E×åÖÜÆÚËØÓëCDK2Ðγɸ´ºÏÎï¡£ }=s64O9j
cycE-CDK2¸´ºÏÎïµ÷¿ØG1¡úS¹ý¶É¡£ _dwJ; j`2
2¡¢SÆÚºÍMË·cyc-CDKs 8 G:f[\^
cycA-CDK2£ºÇý¶¯Ï¸°ûͨ¹ýSÆÚ£® Pk)H(
,
cycB-cdc2£ºÇý¶¯G2¡úMÆÚ¹ý¶É(cdc2»òp34cdc2¼´CDKl)£® h8:5[;e
¶þ¡¢ÖÜÆÚËØÒÀÀµÐÔµ°°×¼¤Ã¸ÒÖÖÆÎï |I s"ov
(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor£¬CKIs) oZw #]Q@
CKlsͨ¹ýÓëCDKs½áºÏ¶øÒÖÖƼ¤Ã¸»îÐÔ£¬ÔÚϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÖÐÆ𸺵÷¿Ø×÷Óã® Wqas1yL_
CKIsÒ»°ã°´Æä·Ö×ÓÁ¿ÃüÃû£® £º ;f9a0V s
CKlsµÄ·ÖÀࣺ PbY=?>0 z
1¡¢Kip£¯Cip¼Ò×壺°üÀ¨ÈýÖֽṹÏà¹Øµ°°×P21¡¢P27¡¢P57¡¢ÌصãÊÇÄܽáºÏ²¢ÒÖÖÆ´ó¶àÊýcyc-CDK¸´ºÏÎ m&k l_f7
P21(ÆäËüÃû³ÆWAFI£¯CIPlµÈ)£º¿É±»P53ÓÕµ¼×ªÂ¼£¬P21ÒÖÖÆcycDl-CDK4ºÍcycE-CDK2£¬²ÎÓë(ÓÉÓÚDNAËðÉËÓÕµ¼µÄ)P53½éµ¼µÄϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÍ£Ö¹¡£ AQgm]ex<
P27²ÎÓëѪÇåÈ¥³ý¡¢½Ó´¥ÒÖÖƺÍTGF-¦ÂµÈµ¼ÖµÄϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÍ£Ö¹¡£ \04(V'`U
2¡¢ INK4µ°°×¼Ò×壬°üÀ¨ËÄÖÖÏà¹Øµ°P16¡¢P15¡¢P18¡¢P19£® RpU.v
`
Ìص㣺INK4ÊÇcycD-CDK4ºÍcycD-CDK6µÄרһÐÔÒÖÖƼÁ£¬²¢ÓëCDKµ¥Ìå½áºÏ¡£ vec4R )S
P15¿ÉÄܲÎÓëTGF-¦ÂÓÕµ¼µÄϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÍ£Ö¹ÓÚG1ÆÚ£¬ ¡¯
8RU91H8fE
Èý¡¢Ï¸°ûÖÜÆÚµ÷½ÚÒò×ÓÓëÖ×Áö 0;2ApYks
1¡¢cyclinºÍCDKs¿ÉÄÜΪ԰©»ùÒò£¬ÆäÍ»±ä»ò¹ý¶È±í´ï¿Éµ¼ÖÂϸ°ûת»¯¡£ Sj@VOW
2¡¢CKI¿ÉÄÜÊǹãÆ×µÄÖ×ÁöÒÖÖÆ»ùÒò£¬Æäʧ»îµ¼ÖÂCDK»îÐÔʧµ÷¡£ eOs 4c`
p16(MTSl)ÔÚÖ×ÁöÖÐÍ»±äÌص㼰Æä×÷Óᣠ@8U8> 'zDE
µÚÈý½Ú ϸ°ûÖÜÆÚµÄÆäËüµ÷½Ú»úÖÆ h:{^&d
a
Éú³¤Òò×Ó¡¢Éú³¤ÒÖÖÆÒò×Ó¡¢Ô°©»ùÒò(È磬myc)ºÍÒÖ°©»ùÒò²úÎï¡¢µ°°×ÖÊ¿ÉÄæÁ×Ëữ¡¢µ°°×Ë®½âµÈ¶Ôϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÒ²ÓÐÖØÒªµ÷½Ú×÷ÓᣠE\*M4n\!
Ò»¡¢pRB £¬ • !'8jy_<9
ÒÖ°©µ°°×£¬·Ö×ÓÁ¿106KD£¬Æä»îÐÔÓëÁ×¾þ»¯×´Ì¬Óйأº V7$-4%NL
G0¼°G1ÔçÆÚ£ºpRB·ÇÁ×Ëữ£¬Óëת¼Òò×ÓE2F-1½áºÏ(ÒÖÖÆת¼) (\CH;c-@
GFµÈ¡úcycD-CDK4¼°cycE-CDK2¼¤»î¡úpRbÁ×Ëữ(ʧ»î)¡úÊÍ·ÅE2F¡úDNAºÏ³É»ùÒò±í´ï¡£ %(izKJl q
¶þ¡¢p53 tiTh7qYi9
ÒÖ°©µ°°×(ת¼Òò×Ó)£¬ Nu
c2CB)J
ÔÚϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÖеÄ×÷Ó㺲ÎÓëϸ°ûÖÜÆڹؿ¨-DNAËðÉ˼ì²éµÄ¹Ø¼üµ°°×(ͨ¹ýÓÕµ¼P21ת¼ʹϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÍ£Ö¹ÓÚG1ÆÚ)¡£ R|R3Ob.e
Èý¡¢Ï¸°ûÒò×Ó¶Ôϸ°ûÖÜÆÚµÄ×÷Óã® 7x)32f"
1£®Éú³¤Òò×ÓÔÚϸ°ûͨÔǵãÖеÄ×÷Óà G u#wH
GF¡úGFR¡úRas-MAPK¡úfos/junµÈ»ùÒò±í´ï¡úcycD-CDK4µÈ±í´ï¡úpRBÁ×Ëữ¡úE2FÊÍ·Å¡ú½øÈëϸ°ûÔöÖ³ÖÜÆÚ¡£ %QFeQ(b/(
2¡¢Éú³¤ÒÖÖÆÒò×ÓÓëϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÍ£Ö¹ gwN
y]!
TGF-¦Âʹϸ°ûÖÜÆÚÍ£Ö¹ÓÚG1ÆÚ¡£ NU.YL1
ËÄ¡¢·ºÓÐËØ(Ubiquitin£¬Ub)½éµ¼µÄµ°°×Ë®½â×÷Óà ad`=A V ]
ÖÜÆÚËØ£¬ÖÜÆÚËØÒÀÀµÐÔµ°°×¼¤Ã¸ÒÖÖƼÁ(ÈçP27)ÒÔ¼°ÆäËüϸ°ûÖÜÆÚµ÷½Úµ°°×¾ù¿Éͨ¹ý·ºÓÐËؽ鵼µÄµ°°×øˮ½â×÷Óýµ½â£¬ÕâЩ°´¾«È·µÄʱ¼ä˳Ðò½øÐеĵ°°×Ë®½â·´Ó¦ÔÚϸ°ûÖÜÆڵIJ»Í¬½×¶ÎÆð×ÅÖØÒªµÄµ÷½Ú×÷ÓᣠnVGWJ3
µÚÆßÕ ϸ°ûµòÍö oZ!+._9
µòÍö£¨apoptosis£©, ³ÌÐòÐÔϸ°ûËÀÍö£¨programmed cell death,PCD£© e)A{
{wD/
ÉúÀíÐÔϸ°ûËÀÍö¡£ Ct386j><
µÚÒ»½Ú ϸ°ûµòÍö¸ÅÂÛ R6qC0@*
Ò»¡¢µòÍöÓ뻵ËÀapoptosis vs. necrosis£© dyuT-.2
µòÍöÊÇÒ»¸öÊÜϸ°ûÖ÷¶¯µ÷½ÚµÄ×ÔÉíÏû»¯¹ý³Ì£¬µòÍöϸ°ûµÄÌØÕ÷ÐÎ̬ѧ¸Ä±äʹÆä¿É±»ÆäËüϸ°ûÍÌÊɶø²»Ð¹Â¶°ûÖÊÄÚÈÝÎ²»»áÒýÆðÑ×Ö¢·´Ó¦¡£ Lr<?eWdCwJ
»µËÀÊÇÓÉÓÚÎïÀíËðÉË¡¢È±Ñª»òϸ¾ú¶¾ËصÈÒýÆðµÄÆÆ»µÐÔϸ°ûËÀÍö¹ý³Ì£¬Ï¸°ûÄÚÈÝÎïµÄÊͷŵ¼Ö¾ֲ¿Ñ×Ö¢·´Ó¦¡£ uEDvdd#V.
¶þ¡¢µòÍöµÄÉúÀí¹¦ÄÜ e\ O&Xe
1¡¢ ά³Ö×éÖ¯ÎÈ̬ƽºâ£¨homeostasis£©,ͨ¹ý¸Éϸ°û·ÖÁѲúÉúÐÂϸ°ûµÄͬʱ£¬Ñ¡ÔñÐԵسýÈ¥ÄÇЩËðÉ˵ĻòÀϵĻò¶àÓàµÄϸ°û¡£ !E_RD,_
2¡¢ Çå³ý²»ÐèÒªµÄÃâÒßϸ°û¡£ s -),Pv|
3¡¢ Éñ¾Ôª·¢Óý ^LAdN8Cbb
4¡¢ ¸öÌå·¢Óý `bcCj~j
Èý¡¢µòÍöϸ°ûµÄÐÎ̬ѧºÍÉú»¯ÌØÕ÷ A:,R.P>`C
1¡¢ ϸ°ûÖåËõ£¨shrinkage£© Q7SRf$4
2¡¢ ÖÊĤ³öÅÝ£¨blebbing£© w"A%@<V3Ec
3¡¢ ȾɫÖÊŨËõ @rxfOc0J#
4¡¢ DNAÁѽ⣺ºËСÌåDNA ladder :1e'22[=.
5¡¢ Á×Ö¬õ£Ë¿°±ËáÓÉÖÊĤÄÚ²à·×ªÖÁÍâ²à 6|ENDd[
6¡¢ µòÍöСÌåµÄÊÍ·Å sr`)l& t?
µÚ¶þ½Ú µòÍöµÄ·Ö×Ó»úÖÆ 0xpE+GY
Ò»¡¢Ï¸°û±íÃæËÀÍöÊÜÌå xI^nA2g
ϸ°ûËÀÍöÊÜÌå¼Ò×åµÄ³ÉÔ±ÊÇÒ»Àà¿çĤµ°°×£¬ËüÃǾùº¬ÓÐÒ»¸öÓëÅä»ù½áºÏµÄ°ûÍâ½á¹¹Óò£»Ò»¸ö¿çĤÓòºÍÒ»¸öתµ¼°ûÍâÐźŽøÈë°ûÄڵİûÄڽṹÓò(ËÀÍö½á¹¹Óò)¡£Õâ´ËÊÜÌ壨ÈçFas¡¢TNFÊÜÌ壩ͬËüÃǵÄÅä»ù½áºÏºó±»¼¤»î²¢µ¼ÖÂϸ°ûµòÍö¡£ uqK[p^{
¶þ¡¢Bcl-2¼Ò×å i`" L?3T
¶ÔBϸ°ûÁÜ°ÍÁöµÄÑо¿·¢ÏÖbcl-2ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¿¹µòÍö»ùÒò£¬½øÒ»²½Ñо¿Ö¤Ã÷ËüÓëced-9»ùÒòͬԴ¡£ +y|H#(wBP
1¡¢ ÓÉÓÚ8£º14ȾɫÌåÒ×λËùÖµÄbcl-2¹ý¶È±í´ïÒÖÖÆÖ×Áöϸ°ûµòÍö¡£ HD9+4~8
2¡¢ ÓëBcl-2¹¦ÄÜÏàËƵÄÓÐBcl-Xl, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, and A1µÈ£¬¹¹³ÉÒ»¸ö´óµÄµ°°×¼Ò×å¡£ IC@-`S#F
3¡¢ ÕâЩµ°°×±í´ïÓÚÏßÁ£Ìå¡¢ÄÚÖÊÍøºÍºË±»Ä¤µÄÍâĤ£¬Bcl-2¼°Æä¸ß¶ÈͬԴÎïBcl-xl ±£»¤ÏßÁ£ÌåĤµÄÍêÕûÐÔ¡£
Mgc|># =
Bax-´Ù½øµòÍöµÄBcl-2¼Ò×å³ÉÔ±£º _dynqF8*
1¡¢ ÓëBcl-2½áºÏµÄµ°°×£¬°üÀ¨Bax¡¢Bak¡¢Bik ¡¢Bid¡¢ BimºÍHRK¡£ iM{UB=C
2¡¢ µ±ÔÚϸ°ûÖйý¶È±í´ïʱ´Ù½øµòÍö£¬Æäɱϸ°û»îÐԿɱ»Bcl-2À൰°×Þ׿¹¡£ =Ye I,KbA)
3¡¢ ¿¹µòÍöµ°°×ºÍ´Ù½øµòÍöµÄµ°°×ÈçBcl-2ºÍBax¼äµÄ±ÈÂʾö¶¨Ï¸°û¶ÔµòÍöÐźŵÄÃô¸ÐÐÔ¡£ C}cYG
4¡¢ Bax¿É±» P53Éϵ÷£¬ÕâÊÇDNAËðÉËʱP53ÓÕµ¼Ï¸°ûËÀÍöµÄÒ»ÖÖ·½Ê½¡£ ~Is-^k)y
5¡¢ ÕâЩµ°°×ͨ³£´æÔÚÓÚÆäËü°ûÄÚ¸ôÊÒÈç°û½¬ÖУ¬ÔÚµòÍöʱÒƶ¯½øÈëÏßÁ£Ìå¡£ s14; \
Èý¡¢Caspase µ°°×ø-ʵʩµòÍöµÄµ°°×ø EPL"H:o5%<
1¡¢ ÕâÊÇÒ»×å°ëë×°±Ëᣨcysteine£©´ß»¯µÄÔÚÌ춬°±Ëᣨaspartic acid£©´¦Áѽâµ×ÎïµÄµ°°×ø£¨°ëë×Ì춬ø£© Pqb])-M9p
2¡¢ËùÓÐCaspaseÏÈÒÔÎÞ»îÐÔµÄøԣ¨procaspase£©µÄÐÎʽºÏ³É£¬Æ伤»î¹ý³Ì°üÀ¨£º¢Ù¶þ¾ÛÌ廯¢Úcaspase×ÔÉíÐòÁÐÁѽâ³ÉСÑÇÆäºÍ´óÑÇ»ù¢Û³ýÈ¥prodomain¡£
Kgu#Mi~
3¡¢×îÔç·¢ÏÖµÄ caspase ΪIL-1¦Âת»¯Ã¸ (ICE=caspase-1) Ëü½« pro-IL-1 Ç°ÌåÁѽâ³ÉÆä»îÐÔÐÎʽ¡£ ICE »ùÒòתȾµ¼ÖÂϸ°ûµòÍö¡£´Ë¹ý³Ì¿É±»Ò»ÖÖÅ£¶»²¡¶¾µ°°×CrmAÒÖÖÆ¡£ CrmAÒÖÖÆËùÓÐcaspase¡£ ]^?V8*zL]
4¡¢ÒÑÖª¸Ã¼Ò×å³ÉÔ±³¬¹ý12¸ö£¬ËäÈ»ÆäÖÐijЩ caspase²ÎÓë°×ϸ°û½éËصijÉÊ죬µ«´ó¶àÊý×÷ÓÃÊǼ¤»îµòÍö ¡£Í¨¹ýÔÚÌØÒìÐÔcaspaseÁѽâλµã(e.g. DEV D)´¦Áѽâ°Ðµ°°×£¬¶øʹµ°°×¼¤»î»òʧ»î£¬´Ó¶øÓ°ÏìµòÍö¡£ g'{hp:
ÀýÈ磺 ICB'?yZ,
a. DFF -DNA fragmentation factor- cleavage of an inhibitory subunit activates this nuclease which cuts the DNA into a distinct ladder-likepattern and for chromatin to condense. O5 ?3nYHa
b. PARP -Poly-ADP ribose polymerase, a DNA repair enzyme inactivated by caspases PvB-Cqc
c. nuclear lamin - causes nucleus to lose its structural integrity after cleavage =9'px3:'WR
d. cytoskeletal proteins - cleavage causes membrane blebbing Zlf)
dDn
Jb"0P`senY
5¡¢É±ÉË T-ÁÜ°Íϸ°û¿ÉÊÍ·Å¿ÅÁ£Ã¸£*****ranzymes£©ÓÚ°Ðϸ°ûÉ϶øÓÕµ¼µòÍö£º granzymes ÁѽâºÍ¼¤»î caspase¡úÓÕµ¼µòÍö xlU:&=|
6¡¢ÏÖÕýÑо¿ÄÜÍêÈ«×è¶ÏµòÍöµÄcaspasesÒÖÖƼÁ£¬ ¿´ËüÃÇÊÇ·ñÄܱ£»¤Öз硢ÐĹ£ºÍÆ÷¹ÙÒÆÖ²ÖÐϸ°ûÃâÓÚÒòȱѪÓÕµ¼µÄµòÍö ejI nJ
ËÄ¡¢ CaspasesµÄ¼¤»î 0xe*\CAo
£¨Ò»£©ËÀÍöÊÜÌå±»ÆäÅä»ù¼¤»î u[2B0a
1¡¢TNF ÊÜÌåÓë³ÆΪTRADDµÄµ°°×½áºÏ£¬ºóÕßÔÙ½áºÏ FADD£» FasÖ±½ÓÓë FADD½áºÏ¡£ 3#
r`e
2¡¢ FADD½áºÏcaspase-8 (ÓÖ³ÆΪ FLICE),Ëüº¬ÓÐËÀÍö½á¹¹ÓòͬʱÓ־ߵ°°×ø´ß»¯»îÐÔ )#_:5^1
3¡¢ »î»¯µÄcaspase-8¼¤»îµòÍö;¾¶.£» ,zU7U L^I
4¡¢ .´¥·¢¼¤»îµÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇÊÜÌåµÄ¹Ñ¾Û»¯¡£ÔÚ FasϵͳÖÐ FasLÓë Fas µÄÏ໥×÷Óõ¼Ö Fas ÊÜÌåÐγÉÈý¾ÛÌå,´Ó¶ø¼¤»îµòÍö¡£ [_,Gk]F=
5¡¢FasL Ò²ÊÇÒ»¸öµ¥Ò»¿çĤµ°°×¡£FasL ¼È¿Éͨ¹ýÓëÖ®Ï໥×÷ÓÃɱËÀÏàÁÚϸ°û£¬Ò²¿É¼¤»îϸ°û×ÔÉíµÄFas¶ø×Ôɱ¡£ sQ8_j
£¨¶þ£©Apaf1- caspase»î»¯µ°°× ,.T k"\@
1¡¢Caspase-8Áѽâ Bid ʹÆä C-¶ËÓòÒ×λÖÁÏßÁ£ÌåÖС£ +axpIjI'
2¡¢Bid¼°ÆäËü Bcl2¼Ò×å´ÙµòÍöµ°°×µÄ×÷Óõ¼ÖÂÏßÁ£ÌåÊÍ·Åϸ°ûÉ«ËØC¡£. v a
j
3¡¢Bcl2ÒÖÖÆcytochrome cÊÍ·Å¡£ yM-3nwk
4¡¢Cytochrome c ÔÚ°û½¬ÖÐÓëApaf-1½áºÏ¡£Apaf-1/cytochrome c¾ÐèÄܵĹѾۻ¯ÐγɴóµÄµ°°×¸´ºÏÎï (Apoptosome)£¬ºóÕß¾Û¼¯procaspase-9 *{e?%!Q
5¡¢ procaspase-9¾×ÔÉíÁѽâ¶ø»î»¯¡£ G0VbW-`O
6¡¢Caspase-9Áѽâcaspase-3ºÍÆäËücaspases£¬¼¤»îµòÍöµÄЧӦÆ÷ÆÚ effector phase £©,´Ó¶øʹϸ°û½á¹¹±»ÆÆ»µ¡£ M<"H1>q@
nt
*nTtcE
Îå¡¢IAPs, ÒÖÖÆcaspase »îÐԵĵ°°×¼Ò×å #:6gFfk0<
A. IAPs are inhibitors of apoptosis protein. There are 7 identified IAPs in human. r%DaBx!x8
B. IAPs inhibit apoptosis by inhibiting caspase activities.
;'g.%
C. IAPs provide a safeguard mechanism against minimal activation of the apoptosis program. :k*3?*'K
D. Several IAPs are overexpressed in tumors. dN)!B!*aI
µÚÈý½Ú µòÍöÓë¼²²¡ ^~:&/ 0
A. Cancer iYHCa }
B. Autoimmune disease s$ v<p(yl
C. Neurodegenerative disease f-b#F2I
1. ALS - Amyotrophoic lateral sclerosis or Lou Gehrig¡¯s disease ELWm>'Q#9
2. Spinal muscular atrophy !tL&Ktoj
UAi] hUq
µÚ°ËÕ »ùÒò¿Ë¡ WOaj_o
»ùÒò¿Ë¡£*****ene cloning£©»ò·Ö×Ó¿Ë¡,ÓÖ³ÆΪÖØ×é£Ä£Î£Á¼¼Êõ£¬ÊÇÓ¦ÓÃøѧ·½·¨£¬ÔÚÌåÍ⽫²»Í¬À´Ô´µÄDNA·Ö×Óͨ¹ýøÇС¢Á¬½ÓµÈ²Ù×÷ÖØÐÂ×é×°³ÉÔӺϷÖ×Ó£¬²¢Ê¹Ö®ÔÚÊʵ±µÄËÞÖ÷ϸ°ûÖнøÐÐÀ©Ôö£¬ÐγɴóÁ¿µÄ×Ó´úDNA·Ö×ӵĹý³Ì¡£ (#"iZv
,
¿Ë¡£¨clone£©Ò»Ö¸º¬Óе¥Ò»µÄDNAÖØ×éÌåµÄÎÞÐÔ·±Ö³Ïµ£¬»òÖ¸½«DNAÖØ×éÌåÒýÈëËÞÖ÷ϸ°û½¨Á¢ÎÞÐÔ·±Ö³ÏµµÄ¹ý³Ì(cloning)¡£¡¡ g9F4nExo
Ò»¸öÍêÕûµÄ»ùÒò¿Ë¡¹ý³Ì°üÀ¨ÒÔϲ½Ö裺 n-Qpg
£±¡¢ »ñµÃ´ý¿Ë¡µÄDNAƬ¶Î£¨»ùÒò£©£» C)|{7W
£²¡¢ Ä¿µÄ»ùÒòÓëÔØÌåÔÚÌåÍâÁ¬½Ó£» JIobs*e0m
£³¡¢ ÖØ×éDNA·Ö×Óµ¼ÈëËÞÖ÷ϸ°û£» IhYTK%^96
£´¡¢ ɸѡ¡¢¼ø¶¨ÑôÐÔÖØ×é×Ó£» wK[Xm'QTPJ
£µ¡¢ ÖØ×é×ÓµÄÀ©ÔöÓ룯»ò±í´ï¡£ R:LThFx
µÚÒ»½Ú ÖØ×éDNAÖг£ÓõŤ¾ßø ~>]/1JFz
°üÀ¨ÏÞÖÆÐÔºËËáÄÚÇÐø¡¢DNAÁ¬½Óø¡¢DNA¾ÛºÏø¡¢Äæת¼øµÈ£¬ JG=U@I]
Ò»¡¢ÏÞÖÆÐÔÄÚÇÐøµÄ¶¨Òå¡¢ÃüÃûºÍ·ÖÀà s[HQq;S
ÏÞÖÆÐÔºËËáÄÚÇÐøÊÇʶ±ð²¢ÇиîÌØÒìµÄË«Á´DNAÐòÁеÄÒ»ÖÖÄÚÇкËËáø¡£ |{8eoF
ÏÞÖÆÐÔºËËáÄÚÇÐøµÄÀ´Ô´£ºÏ¸¾úµÄÏÞÖÆ£ÐÞÊÎϵͳ¡£ ;.g <u
·Ö×Ó¿Ë¡ÖÐËùÓõÄÏÞÖÆÐÔºËËáÄÚÇÐøÊôÓÚµÚ¢òÀà¡£ xep!.k x
ÏÞÖÆÐÔºËËáÄÚÇÐøµÄÃüÃû¡£ qAF.i^
¶þ¡¢ÏÞÖÆÐÔºËËáÄÚÇÐøµÄ×÷ÓÃÌصã MSMgaw?
1¡¢Ê¶±ðλµãµÄDNAÐòÁгʶþÖØÐýת¶Ô³Æ£¨¼´¾ßÓÐåÄÎĽṹ£©£»
h'_@
2¡¢ÇиîDNA¾ù²úÉúº¬5¡¯-Á×ËáºÍ3¡¯-ôÇ»ùµÄÄ©¶Ë£» &74*CO9B9
3¡¢ ´íλÇиî²úÉú¾ßÓÐ5¡¯-»ò3¡¯-Í»³öµÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ë£»¶øÑضԳÆÖáÇиîË«Á´DNA²úÉúƽͷĩ¶Ë£¬Ò²³Æ¶ÛÐÔÄ©¶Ë¡£ H)${"
4¡¢ÉÙÊý²»Í¬µÄÏÞÖÆø¿Éʶ±ðºÍÇиîÏàͬµÄλµã£¬ÕâЩø³ÆΪͬÇÐø£¬ÈçMboI ¢ñºÍ Sau3A¡£ {hLS,Me
Èý¡¢ÆäËü¹¤¾ßø <hO|:LX
²Î¿¼¡°·Ö×Ó¿Ë¡¡±£¨Sambrook,J et al . molecular cloning£© ]5=C3Y
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÔØÌå£ËÞÖ÷ϵͳ [7:(e/&
Ò»¡¢¸ÅÊö @zH
TKi`
ÔØÌå(vector)ÊÇЯ´øÍâÔ´DNA½øÈëËÞÖ÷ϸ°û½øÐÐÀ©ÔöºÍ±í´ïµÄDNA,ËüÃÇÒ»°ãÊÇͨ¹ý¸ÄÔìÖÊÁ£¡¢ÊɾúÌå»ò²¡¶¾µÈ¹¹½¨µÄ¡£ u=5~^ 9
ÔØÌåÓ¦¾ß±¸ÒÔÏÂÌõ¼þ£º EZ.|6oug\
£±¡¢ ÄÜÔÚÊʵ±µÄËÞÖ÷ϸ°ûÖи´ÖÆ£» @%5$x]^
£²¡¢ ¾ßÓжàÖÖÏÞÖÆøµÄµ¥Ò»Çе㣨¼´Ëùν¶à¿Ë¡λµã£©ÒÔ±ãÍâÔ´DNA²åÈ룻 9z:P#=Q:
£³¡¢ ¾ßÓÐɸѡ±êÖ¾ÒÔÇø±ðÑôÐÔÓëÒõÐÔÖØ×é·Ö×Ó£» ?5> Ep:{+/
£´¡¢ ÔØÌå·Ö×Ó½ÏС£¬ÒÔ±ãÌåÍâ»ùÒò²Ù×÷£¬Í¬Ê±ÔØÌåDNAÓëËÞÖ÷DNA±ãÓÚ·ÖÀ룻 a_pNFe
£µ¡¢ ¶ÔÓÚ±í´ïÐÍÔØÌ廹Ӧ¾ßÓÐÓëËÞÖ÷ϸ°ûÏàÊÊÓ¦µÄÆô¶¯×Ó¡¢ÔöÇ¿×Ó¡¢¼ÓβÐźŵȻùÒò±í´ïÔª¼þ¡£ lR9~LNK?
ËÞÖ÷ϸ°ûÊÇ»ùÒò¿Ë¡ÖÐÖØ×éDNA·Ö×ӵķ±Ö³³¡Ëù£¬Êʵ±µÄËÞÖ÷ϸ°û£¬±ØÐë·ûÒÔÏÂÌõ¼þ£º TZ]D6.mD
£±¡¢ ¶ÔÔØÌåµÄ¸´ÖƺÍÀ©ÔöûÓÐÑϸñµÄÏÞÖÆ£» .<!Jhf$
£²¡¢ ²»´æÔÚÌØÒìµÄÄÚÇÐøÌåϵ½µ½âÍâÔ´DNA£» ?1f(@
£³¡¢ ÔÚÖØ×éDNAÔöÖ³¹ý³ÌÖУ¬²»»á¶ÔËü½øÐÐÐÞÊΣ» UUlrfur~
£´¡¢ ÖØ×éȱÏÝÐÍ£¬²»»á²úÉúÌåÄÚÖØ×飻 (RL5L=,u
£µ¡¢ ÈÝÒ×µ¼ÈëÖØ×éDNA·Ö×Ó£» U# jbii6e
£¶¡¢ ·ûºÏÖØ×éDNA²Ù×÷µÄ°²È«±ê×¼¡£ %:P&!F\?
¶þ¡¢ÖÊÁ£ÔØÌå KV!!D{VS`@
ÖÊÁ£(plasmid)ÊÇ´æÔÚÓÚϸ¾úȾɫÌåÍâµÄСµÄ¹²¼Û¡¢±Õ»·Ë«Á´DNA·Ö×Ó£¬ÄÜ×ÔÖ÷¸´ÖÆ£¬²¢ÔÚϸ°û·ÖÁÑʱÒÅ´«¸ø×Ó´úϸ°û¡£ÖÊÁ£¿É¸³ÓèËÞÖ÷ϸ°ûһЩÒÅ´«ÐÔ×´È翹ҩÐԵȣ¬Í¨¹ýÖÊÁ£¸³Óèϸ¾úµÄ±íÐÍ¿Éʶ±ðÖÊÁ£µÄ´æÔÚ£¬ÕâÊÇɸѡÖØ×éת»¯×ӵĻù´¡¡£
Dm"@59x
×÷ΪÔØÌåµÄÖÊÁ£Ò»°ã¾ßÓÐÒÔÏÂÌص㣺 >q:0w{.TU
£±¡¢ ·Ö×ÓÏà¶Ô½ÏС£¨£³¡×£±£°kb£©£» Z5vpo$l
£²¡¢ ËɳÛÐ͸´ÖÆ£» M]+FTz
£³¡¢ ¾ßÓÐÊʵ±µÄ¶à¿Ë¡λµãÒÔ±ãÍâÔ´DNA²åÈ룻 UY_'F5X
£´¡¢ ¾ßÓвåÈëʧ»îɸѡ±êÖ¾£¬±ãÓÚ´Óƽ°åÉÏÖ±½ÓɸѡÑôÐÔÖØ×é×Ó£» k_2W*2'S
£µ¡¢ ÖÊÁ£ÄÜЯ´øµÄÍâÔ´DNAƬ¶ÎÒ»°ã½ÏС£¨<15kb£©£® azj:Hru&t#
Èý¡¢¦ËÊɾúÌåÔØÌå 6+MZ39xC
¦ËÊɾúÌåÊÇÒ»ÖÖË«Á´DNAÊɾúÌ壬»ùÒò×éԼΪ50kb+¡£ n
2k&yL+a
ÏßÐÔ¦ËÊɾúÌåDNA·Ö×ÓµÄÁ½¶Ë¸÷ÓÐ12¼î»ùµÄ»¥²¹µ¥Á´ÐòÁУ¬ÊÇÌìÈ»µÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ë£¬³ÆΪCOSλµã¡£ ?E@9Nvr
¦ËÊɾúÌåµÄÉú»îÖÜÆÚ£ºÈܾú£¨Áѽ⣩Éú³¤Ê±ÔÚƽÃóÉÏÐγÉÇåÁÁµÄÊɾú°ß£»ÈÜÔ´ÐÔÉú³¤¡£ >l\?K8jL9
¦ËÊɾúÌåµÄ»ùÒò×飺×ó±Û³¤Ô¼20kb,º¬ÊɾúÌåÍ·¡¢Î²µ°°×±àÂë»ùÒò£»ÖÐÑëƬ¶Î³¤Ô¼12-24kb,¶ÔÊɾúÌåΪ·Ç±ØÐèÇø£»ÓÒ±Û³¤Ô¼10kb,º¬¦ËÊɾúÌ帴ÖƺÍÈܾúÏà¹Øµ°°×µÄ±àÂë»ùÒò¡£ËùÓЦËÊɾúÌåÔØÌå¾ùΪͨ¹ýÇгý·Ç±ØÐèµÄÖÐÑëÇø£¬²¢Ôö¼õijЩÏÞÖÆÐÔøÇÐλµãºÍ²åÈëÊʵ±µÄɸѡ±ê¼Ç»ùÒò¸ÄÔì¶ø³É¡£ 2VNMz[W'
Òѹ¹½¨µÄ¦ËÊɾúÌåÔØÌå·ÖΪÁ½Àࣺ M-Az2x;6
£±¡¢Öû»ÐÍÔØÌ壺ÓÐÁ½¸öøÇÐλµã»òÁ½×éÅÅÁÐÏà·´µÄ¶à¿Ë¡λµã£¬Æä¼äµÄDNAƬ¶Î¿É±»ÍâÔ´DNAÖû»¡£ÕâÀàÔØÌåÊÊÓÚ¿Ë¡5-20kbµÄÍâÔ´»ùÒòƬ¶Î£¬³£ÓÃÓÚ¹¹½¨»ùÒò×éDNAÎÄ¿â¡£ tr]=q9
£²¡¢²åÈëÐÍÔØÌ壺ֻÓÐÒ»¸öÏÞÖÆÐÔÄÚÇÐøλµã»òÒ»×é¶à¿Ë¡λµã¿É¹©ÍâÔ´»ùÒò²åÈë¡£ÕâÀàÔØÌåÔÊÐí²åÈë5-7kbµÄÍâÔ´DNA,ÊÊÓÚ¹¹½¨cDNAÎÄ¿â¡£Èç¦Ëgt ÊɾúÌåÔØÌå¡£ `X
wFH#_
Ò»°ã½«ÊɾúÌåDNAÔÚÌåÍâ°ü×°³É²¡¶¾¿ÅÁ£ºóÔÙÓÃÓÚ¸ÐȾÊÜÌå¾ú£¬ÕâÑùÄÜ´ó´óÌá¸ßתȾЧÂÊ¡£ v.08,P{b
ËÄ¡¢£Í13˿״ÊɾúÌåÔØÌå O6LuFT.
£Í13»ùÒò×é´óСΪ6407bp£¬ËüÊÇÒ»ÖÖ±Õ»·µÄµ¥Á´DNA·Ö×Ó£¬ÔÚ¸ÐȾϸ¾úºó³ÊË«Á´¸´ÖÆÐÍDNA¡£Òò´ËÓÃ×÷¿Ë¡ÔØÌåµÄË«Á´DNA¿É´Óϸ¾úÖзÖÀëµÃµ½¡£ÔÚϸ¾úÖУ¬Ë«Á´DNA¸´ÖÆ100-200¿½±´ºó¾Í´óÁ¿²úÉúµ¥Á´DNA,ºóÕß°ü×°³É×Ó´úÊɾúÌå¿ÅÁ££¬·ÖÃÚµ½Ï¸°ûÍ⣬¶ø²»Áѽâϸ¾ú¡£ o*OaYF'8
ÔÚM13»ùÒò×éÖк¬507¸öºËÜÕËáµÄ·Ç±ØÐèÇø£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÇøÓò²åÈëÍâÔ´DNA²»»áÓ°ÏìM13µÄ·±Ö³ºÍÉú´æ£¬ÏÖÔÚʹÓõÄM13ÔØÌåÈçM13Mp18µÈ¾ùΪ¶Ô´ËÇøÓò½øÐиÄÔì¶ø»ñµÃ¡£ l3sL!D1u
M13¿Ë¡µÄ×î´óÎÊÌâÊDz»ÄܲåÈë½Ï´óµÄÍâÔ´£Ä£Î£ÁƬ¶Î£¨Ò»°ã<1000bp£©,µ«M13ÔØÌåµÄÓŵãÊÇ´Óϸ¾úÖÐÊͷųöÀ´µÄÊɾúÌå¿ÅÁ£Öк¬ÓÐÒ»ÌõÓë¿Ë¡µÄÄ£°åDNA»¥²¹µÄµ¥Á´£¬ËùÒÔ×îÊʺÏÓÚÖƱ¸DNA²âÐòʱÓõĵ¥Á´Ä£°å£¬ÁíÍâÒ²¿ÉÓÃÓÚÖƱ¸µ¥Á´ÌØÒìÐÔDNA̽Õë¡£ $)5F3a|
Îå¡¢Õ³Á£ÔØÌå piRP2Lbm*
Õ³Á££¨¿Â˹ÖÊÁ££©ÊÇÖ¸º¬ÓЦËÊɾúÌåÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶ËµÄÔÓÖÖÖÊÁ££¬ÓɦËDNAµÄCOSÇø(Ô¼20-Êý°Ùbp)ÓëÖÊÁ£ÖØ×é¶ø³É£¬ÔÚËÞÖ÷ϸ°ûÖпÉ×÷ΪÕý³£ÊɾúÌå½øÐи´ÖÆ£¬µ«²»±í´ïÈκÎÊɾúÌåµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ !,mv 7Yj
Õ³Á£µÄ½á¹¹Ìص㣺 /
$ 7_*4e
£±¡¢ º¬Óп¹Ò©ÐÔ±ê¼ÇºÍÖÊÁ£¸´ÖÆÆðʼλµã£» ?lh
`>v
£²¡¢ Ò»¸ö»ò¶à¸öµ¥Ò»ÏÞÖÆøÇÐλµã£» AeqxH1 %
£³¡¢ ´øÓЦËÊɾúÌåÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ë£» g4 BEo'
£´¡¢ ·Ö×ÓС£¨4-6kb£©,¿ÉÈÝÄÉ´óµ½40-50kbµÄÍâÔ´DNAƬ¶Î£¬Òò´ËÊÊÓÚ¹¹½¨ÕæºËÉúÎï»ùÒò×éDNAÎÄ¿â¡£ ,8KD-" l^g
Áù¡¢½ÍĸÈ˹¤È¾É«ÌåÔØÌå H0Q.; !^
½ÍĸÈ˹¤È¾É«ÌåÓɽÍĸȾɫÌåµÄ×ÅË¿Á£(cen4)¡¢×ÔÖ÷¸´ÖÆÐòÁÐ(ARS1)ºÍÀ´×ÔËÄĤ³æµÄ¶ËÁ£(Tel)µÈ¹¦ÄÜÐÔDNAÐòÁÐ×é³É¡£Ëü¿ÉЯ´ø³¤´ï200-1000kbµÄDNAƬ¶Î£¬Òò´ËÔÚÈË»ùÒò×éDNA´óƬ¶ÎµÄ¿Ë¡Öзdz£ÓÐÓã¬ÊÇȾɫÌå¿Ë¡ÅÅÐòµÄÖ÷Òª¹¤¾ß¡£ fIo7R-XP
ÓýÍĸÈ˹¤È¾É«Ìå¿Ë¡DNAµÄ¹ý³ÌÓë¦ËÊɾúÌåÏàËÆ£¬½«DNA´óƬ¶ÎÓëÔØÌåµÄÁ½±ÛÏàÁª£¬È»ºó½«Á¬½Ó»ìºÏÎïת»¯½ø½Íĸϸ°ûÖУ¬ÀûÓÃÔØÌåÉϵÄÑ¡ÔñÐÔ±ê¼Ç½øÐÐɸѡ¡£ F[Dhj,C"
µÚÈý½Ú Ä¿µÄ»ùÒòµÄ»ñÈ¡ }c>[m,lz
Ò»¡¢Í¨¹ý½¨Á¢»ùÒòÎÄ¿â·ÖÀë°Ð»ùÒò PYldqY
»ùÒòÎÄ¿â°üÀ¨Á½Àࣺ»ùÒò×éÎÄ¿âºÍcDNAÎĿ⣬Á½ÖÖÎÄ¿âµÄ½¨¿â¹ý³Ì²»Í¬£¬²úÉúµÄ»ùÒò½á¹¹Ò²²»Í¬£¬Òò´ËÓ¦Ó÷¶Î§Ò²²»Ïàͬ¡£ \0'7p-T6
£¨Ò»£©¡¢»ùÒò×éÎÄ¿â =?U"#a
ÊǺ¬ÓÐijÖÖÉúÎïÌ壨»ò×éÖ¯¡¢Ï¸°û£©È«²¿»ùÒòµÄËæ»úƬ¶ÎµÄÖØ×éDNA¿Ë¡ȺÌå¡£ -[cl]H)V
ÓæËÊɾúÌåÔØÌå¹¹½¨»ùÒò×éÎÄ¿âµÄ»ù±¾²½Ö裺
'CqWF"
£±¡¢ ×¼±¸ÔØÌåDNA(ÈçÖû»ÐͦËÊɾúÌåÔØÌå)£¬ÓÃÊʵ±µÄÏÞÖÆøÏû»¯²¢·ÖÀëµÃµ½ÔØÌåµÄ×óÓÒÁ½±Û£» $z-zscco
£²¡¢ ´¿»¯ÕæºËϸ°û¸ß·Ö×ÓÁ¿DNA£¬²¢ÓÃÊʵ±µÄÏÞÖÆø²¿·ÖÏû»¯£» "o
+" Jd
£³¡¢ ·ÖÀëÊʵ±´óСµÄ»ùÒò×éDNAƬ¶Î£¨20-24kb£©£» CU3[{a
£´¡¢ Á¬½ÓÔØÌåÓëÍâÔ´£Ä£Î£Á£» [vuqH:Ln
£µ¡¢ Á¬½Ó²úÎïÌåÍâ°ü×°¼°¸ÐȾ£» fr~e!!$H
£¶¡¢ »ùÒò×éÎÄ¿âµÄÀ©Ôö¡£ M@e&uz!Rx
ÓÉÓÚ»ùÒò×éÎÄ¿â°üº¬ÁËȾɫÌåµÄËùÓÐËæ»úƬ¶ÎÐγɵÄÖØ×éDNA¿Ë¡£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÀûÓÃÊʵ±µÄɸѡ·½·¨£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÖÐÕÒ³öЯ´øËùÐèÄ¿µÄ»ùÒòƬ¶ÎµÄÖØ×é¿Ë¡¡£ sK~d{)+T
£¨¶þ£©¡¢cDNAÎÄ¿â IS;F9{
cDNAÊÇÖ¸ÒÔmRNAΪģ°å£¬ÔÚÄæת¼øµÄ×÷ÓÃÏÂÐγɵĻ¥²¹DNA. 0*66m:C2
ÒÔϸ°ûµÄÈ«²¿mRNAÄæת¼ºÏ³ÉµÄcDNA×é³ÉµÄÖØ×é¿Ë¡ȺÌå³ÆΪcDNAÎÄ¿â¡£ f
n9[Li
´ÓcDNAÎÄ¿â¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ½ÏÍêÕûµÄÁ¬Ðø±àÂëÐòÁУ¨²»º¬ÄÚº¬×Ó£©£¬±ãÓÚ±í´ï³Éµ°°×ÖÊ¡£ {'W\~GnZ
¹¹½¨cDNAÎÄ¿âµÄÖ÷Òª²½Ö裺 Ol4)*/oZ
£±¡¢ mRNA·ÖÀ룻 RW!D!~
£²¡¢ cDNAµÚÒ»Á´ºÏ³É£» Las4ux[_
£³¡¢ cDNAµÚ¶þÁ´ºÏ³É£» |A_yr/f
£´¡¢ ÔØÌåÓëcDNAµÄÁ¬½Ó; rA9BY :N@
£µ¡¢ ÊɾúÌåµÄ°ü×°¼°×ªÈ¾£» c?i=6CdD'
£¶¡¢ cDNAÎÄ¿âµÄÀ©ÔöºÍ±£´æ¡£ S$q:hXZ#e
¶þ¡¢»¯Ñ§ºÏ³É·¨ÖƱ¸DNAƬ¶Î \S(:O8_"68
Ö÷ÒªÓÃÓÚһЩСµÄDNA Ƭ¶ÎµÄºÏ³É¡£ k>
I;mEV
Èý¡¢¾ÛºÏøÁ´·´Ó¦·¨À©Ôö»ùÒòƬ¶Î \>NjeMuWU
¶ÔÓÚÒÑ֪ȫ²¿»ò²¿·ÖºËÜÕËáÐòÁеĻùÒò£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¾ÛºÏøÁ´·´Ó¦£¨£Ð£Ã£Ò£©£¬ÒÔ»ùÒò×éDNA»òcDNAÄ£°åÀ©ÔöµÃµ½Ä¿µÄ»ùÒòƬ¶Î¡£ e-;$Iv
q^],K'
µÚËÄ½Ú DNA·Ö×ÓµÄÌåÍâÁ¬½Ó FyN@mX
IS0RhtGy/
DNAƬ¶ÎµÄÌåÍâÁ¬½ÓÊÇÖØ×éDNA¼¼ÊõµÄ¹Ø¼ü¡£DNAÁ¬½ÓÊÇÓÉDNAÁ¬½Óø´ß»¯Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ /[YH
W]
Ò»¡¢DNAÁ¬½Óø ,?;q$Xoi
DNAÁ¬½Óø´ß»¯Á½ÄêË«Á´DNAƬ¶ÎÏàÁÚµÄ5¡¯-Á×ËáºÍ3¡¯-ôÇ»ù¼äÐγÉÁ×Ëá¶þõ¥¼ü¡£ 6 flc
ÔÚ·Ö×Ó¿Ë¡ÖÐ×îÓÐÓõĵÄDNAÁ¬½ÓøÊÇÀ´×Ô£Ô£´ÊɾúÌåµÄDNA Á¬½Óø£ºT4 DNAÁ¬½Óø£¬¸ÃøÐèÒªATP×÷Ϊ¸¨ÖúÒò×Ó¡£ 7Wg0-{yK4
T4 DNAÁ¬½ÓøÔÚ·Ö×Ó¿Ë¡ÖÐÖ÷ÒªÓÃÓÚ£º T$/6qZew
£±¡¢ Á¬½Ó¾ßÓÐͬԴ»¥²¹Õ³ÐÔÄ©¶ËµÄ£Ä£Î£ÁƬ¶Î£» bq3G3oAyG
£²¡¢ Á¬½ÓË«Á´DNA·Ö×Ó¼äµÄƽ¶Ë£» SS@F:5),
£³¡¢ ÔÚË«Á´Æ½¶ËµÄDNA·Ö×ÓÉÏÌí¼ÓºÏ³ÉµÄÈ˹¤½ÓÍ·»òÊÊÅä×Ó¡£ 0}]k>ndT
¶þ¡¢Õ³ÐÔÄ©¶ËÁ¬½Ó 7-81,ADv(
Èç¹ûÔØÌåºÍ²åÈëƬ¶Î¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ë£¬ÔòºÜÈÝÒ×ÓÃDNAÁ¬½ÓøÁ¬½Ó³É»·×´µÄÖØ×éDNA·Ö×Ó£¬µ«ÊÇҪעÒâµ±ÔØÌåºÍ²åÈëµÄÁ½¸öÄ©¶Ë¾ùΪͬԴµÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ëʱ£¬Á¬½Óºó¿ÉÄܳöÏÖÒÔÏÂÎÊÌ⣺ w~>V2u_-
£±¡¢ ÔØÌå×ÔÉí»·»¯£¬Ôì³É¼ÙÑôÐÔ±³¾°¿Ë¡£¬Îª±ÜÃâ´ËÎÊÌ⣬¿ÉÔÚÁ¬½ÓÇ°£¬ÓüîÐÔÁ×Ëáø½«ÔØÌåDNA 5¡¯- ¶ËÈ¥Á×Ëữ£¬ÕâÑùÖ»ÓÐÔØÌåºÍ²åÈëƬ¶ÎÖ®¼ä²ÅÄÜ·¢ÉúÁ¬½Ó£» (v*$ExF
£²¡¢ ²åÈëƬ¶Î¿ÉË«Ïò²åÈ룻 N<ww&GXBX
£³¡¢ ²åÈëƬ¶Î¿É¶à¿½±´²åÈë¡£ /C29^ P
µ±DNAƬ¶ÎÁ½¶ËΪ·ÇͬԴµÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ëʱ£¬¿ÉʵÏÖ¶¨Ïò¿Ë¡£¬ÕâʱµÄÁ¬½ÓЧÂʷdz£¸ß£¬ÊÇÖØ×é·½°¸ÖÐ×îÓÐЧ¡¢¼ò½ÝµÄ;¾¶¡£ v|~ yIywf
Èý¡¢Æ½¶ËÁ¬½Ó 4-efnB
ƽ¶ËÁ¬½ÓµÄÓŵãÊÇ¿ÉÓÃT4Á¬½ÓøÁ¬½ÓÈκÎDNAƽ¶Ë£¬Õâ¶Ô²»Í¬DNA·Ö×ÓµÄÁ¬½ÓÊ®·ÖÓÐÀû¡£ÒòΪ³ýÁËÏàͬ»ò²»Í¬ÏÞÖÆøøÇвúÉúµÄƽĩ¶Ë·Ö×ÓÍ⣬º¬3¡¯-»ò5¡¯-Í»³öµÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶ËÒ²¿ÉÒÔ±»²¹Æë»òÏ÷ƽ£¬ÊµÏÖƽ¶ËÁ¬½Ó¡£ /!,>P[Vx
£¨Ò»£©¡¢5¡¯-Í»³öÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶ËµÄ²¹Æë ('!90
ÏÞÖÆø½µ½â²úÉúµÄ5¡¯-¶ËÍ»³öµÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ë£¬¿ÉÓô󳦸˾úDNA¾ÛºÏø¢ñµÄ´óƬ¶Î£¨klenowƬ¶Î£©²¹Æë¡£ 5!,`LM9
£¨¶þ£©¡¢3¡¯-Í»³öÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶ËµÄÏ÷ƽ ZK4/o
º¬3¡¯- Í»³öµÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ë¿ÉÓÃT4 DNA¾ÛºÏøµÄ3¡¯¡ú5¡¯ÍâÇкËËáø»îÐÔ²¹Æ½¡£ A][\
L[8X
ƽ¶ËÁ¬½ÓµÄÖ÷ÒªÎÊÌâÊÇ£¬ËüµÄÁ¬½ÓЧÂʱÈÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶ËµÍ£¬Òò´ËÐè½Ï¶àµÄT4 DNAÁ¬½ÓøºÍ½Ï¸ßµÄµ×ÎïŨ¶È£¬¾ÛÒÒ¶þ´¼£¨£Ð£Å£Ç£©¿É´Ù½øƽ¶ËÁ¬½Ó·´Ó¦¡£ Px:Po
Ow\
ËÄ¡¢È˹¤½ÓÍ·Á¬½Ó T%K"^4k
¶Ôƽ¶ËDNAƬ¶Î£¬¿É½èÖúÈ˹¤ºÏ³ÉµÄ½ÓÍ·À´·½±ãÁ¬½Ó¡£Ëùν½ÓÍ·ÊÇÈ˹¤ºÏ³ÉµÄÖÁÉÙ£¸¸öºËÜÕË᳤µÄÒ»¶ÎåÄÎÄÐòÁС£½ÓÍ·ÊÇƽ¶Ë£¬ÔÚÁ×Ëữºóͨ¹ýT4 DNAÁ¬½Óø¿ÉÓë´ó¶àÊýƽ¶ËDNAÁ¬½Ó¡£Á¬½ÓºóÓÃÏàÓ¦µÄÏÞÖÆÐÔÄÚÇÐøÇи¿É²úÉúËùÐèÒªµÄÕ³ÐÔÄ©¶Ë¡£