2008中科院英语翻译全文 4.h= &jz&
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher 2viM)+
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has n9A7K$ZD@
violated the ethical standards of the research #hf
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community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but rN< b?KE
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable `v}%33$hA
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, k.^co I5
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own mG`e3X 6@-
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, R~jHr
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even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists w@ c87;c
and their institutions, result in the imposition of @` Eg
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counterproductive regulations, and shake public E3l> 3
confidence in the integrity of science. *
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is E%v?t1>/
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is 4e;y G>
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person eK
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and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past pY~,(s|Qb
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of +1!qs,
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be
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taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can o fMY,~w
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the NeBsv= [-
charge, the institutions involved, and science in <~X >[PK<
general. hj$ e|arB
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research HCJ>X;(`f?
ethics usually has more options than are immediately KdUn
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apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to W$o2 7f
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. sv(f;ib
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, G633Lm`ri
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of TtDg
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advice in deciding whether to go forward with a u!U" N*Y"
complaint. (ihP `k-.
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a %77p5ctW
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are u@P[Vb
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal L~/qGDXC?
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint F;!2(sPS
in writing can have serious consequences for the career FNQX7O52
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after _uu<4c
thorough consideration.
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The National Science Foundation and Public Health daAyx-
Service require all research institutions that receive JH]K/sC >
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with xg{HQQ|TC
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take y8bM<e2
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into account fairness for the accused, protection for zMK](o1Vj
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and \hP=-J [~C
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. 68'>Zbelb
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In addition, many universities and other research .`Zf} [5[
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics I#FF*@oeM
officer, or other official who is available to discuss @gBE{)Fj
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions 1(GHCxA8G
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever 2$zU& p7sV
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry 9<]a!:!^
points, so that complainants can go to a person with 4`2$_T$ F
whom they feel comfortable. &,-p',\-
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 ~k4W<
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 ! Zw f
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3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 ? Ekq6uz\)
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 ~' =lo
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5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
