2008中科院英语翻译全文 EJLQ&oH[
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher q#N R32byF
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has =_
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violated the ethical standards of the research HzvlF0
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community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but BwxnDe G)
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable 4T` &S l
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, !v9lk9SV
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own +TN^NE
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, s<vs:jna
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists /L&M,OUcr.
and their institutions, result in the imposition of !>n|c$=;qk
counterproductive regulations, and shake public Zu21L3
confidence in the integrity of science. - $JO8'TP
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is UTCzHh1
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is PKf:O
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person SEM8`lnu
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past MBw-*K'?zB
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of cin2>3Z$
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be V8PLFt;
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can ^Ga&}-
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the j L>:>r
charge, the institutions involved, and science in @dgH50 o[
general. Q i9-z'
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research -5b A
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ethics usually has more options than are immediately D l C@fZD
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to riCV&0"n
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. w%a8XnW]1
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, PaO- J&<
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of O1P=#l iYX
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a KE}H&1PjU
complaint. bRo|uJ:d
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a DN8}gl VxV
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are 9em*r9-
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal iwF9[wAft
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint h|;qG)f^
in writing can have serious consequences for the career \7v)iG|#G&
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after .Y*f2A.v
thorough consideration. V416g |lBO
The National Science Foundation and Public Health M+P$/Wk
Service require all research institutions that receive x/fX`y|(}*
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with !>$4]FkV
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take 1wj:aD?g
into account fairness for the accused, protection for :t("L-GPW
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and 0?DC00O
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. D=r) )
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In addition, many universities and other research #*%q'gyHT
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics b~m2tC=AW
officer, or other official who is available to discuss f9u^ R=Ff[
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions 23\RJpKb
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever K2)!h.W
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry fwR_OB: $
points, so that complainants can go to a person with W_|0y4QOo
whom they feel comfortable. J:*-gwv9*m
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 {Ro2ouQ!V
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 hwYQGtjF
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 F9"w6;hh
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 e}Vw!w
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
