2008中科院英语翻译全文 m\__F l
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher p}hOkx4R\
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has =da_zy
violated the ethical standards of the research "@RLS~E j
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but |Ma"B4
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable &7!&]kA+
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, r;t0+aLc*
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own znw\Dn?g
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, 7JD
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even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists XL>c TM
and their institutions, result in the imposition of M%7{g"J*
counterproductive regulations, and shake public t>. mB@se|
confidence in the integrity of science. 2i;G3"\
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is V~t q
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rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is XMd-r8yYr
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person %Wkvo-rOq
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past 3,+)3,N
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of MU4/arXy
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be "ys#%,Z
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can eEePK~%c
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the fpJM)HU
charge, the institutions involved, and science in l69&-Nyg
general. yT%"<m6Y*\
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research n#[-1 (P
ethics usually has more options than are immediately v=zqj}T
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to q{5wx8_U
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. =T
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In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, _fx0-S*$
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of [`nY /g:
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a ~s{y
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complaint. WeNx9+2=Z
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a 9ot A5I^v
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are SQhk)S
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal QlmZBqK}&
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint xdb9oH
in writing can have serious consequences for the career AuuZWd
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after ?muI 8b
thorough consideration. ~V&4<=r`
The National Science Foundation and Public Health ~SgW+sDF u
Service require all research institutions that receive {j
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public funds to have procedures in place to deal with }6ObQa43
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take S`HshYlE q
into account fairness for the accused, protection for qu- !XC0p
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and hT4 u;3xE
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. /z:pid,_0
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In addition, many universities and other research sf )ojq6s
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics m8'B7|s
officer, or other official who is available to discuss [SGt ~bRJ
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions .J :04t1
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever +]Ca_`
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry i
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points, so that complainants can go to a person with &Fo)e a
whom they feel comfortable. v
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 @i'24Q[6
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 *V+6409m
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 }YUUC q&
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 Trd/\tX#v&
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
