2008中科院英语翻译全文 8 $)xxV_zp
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher 6! `^}4
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has I Z?+c@ t
violated the ethical standards of the research /j%(Z/RM
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but Lg6;FbY?
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable f_\,H|zco)
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, D@.+B`bA
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own ;5S'?fj
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, P _e9>t@
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists
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and their institutions, result in the imposition of [%?ViKW
counterproductive regulations, and shake public nulLK28q
confidence in the integrity of science. / i: c!
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is Mg pjC`
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is mCb1^Y
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person 1s\
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past #!yW)RG
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of rl/]Ym4j
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be X0FTD':f
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can 8bTE# 2+-
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the f3;.+hJ])
charge, the institutions involved, and science in 0(o{V:l%Z|
general. G*N}X3H:o
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research 9_Ws8nE
ethics usually has more options than are immediately P >>VBh?
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to EX"o9'
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. n[E/O}3& /
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, F-TDS<[S?
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of br3r!Vuz/-
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a +{b3A@f |F
complaint. G2 {R5F !
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a gt \O
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are e8,!x9%J
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal *]K/8MbiF
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint :jHD eF.A
in writing can have serious consequences for the career '_fj:dy
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after 9%iv?/ o*L
thorough consideration. (k$KU P
The National Science Foundation and Public Health C j5=UUnO
Service require all research institutions that receive qe_qag9
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with U$m[{ r2M
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take W6&mXJ^3L
into account fairness for the accused, protection for d`sIgll&n
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and 6|10OTVu`
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. Mh@RO|F
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In addition, many universities and other research XY)I ~6$Y
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics rp_ Aw
officer, or other official who is available to discuss 4ND
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situations involving research ethics. Such discussions /I~(*X
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever VK[`e[.C
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry L
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points, so that complainants can go to a person with q c DJ
whom they feel comfortable. #v\o @ArX
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 $TY 1'#1U;
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 ?F^O7\rw
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 3F sX3K,_X
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 d 6=Z
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5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
