2008中科院英语翻译全文 .H&;pOf
c2nZd.SD|
One of the most difficult situations that a researcher -1R~3j1_
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has o\#C] pp
violated the ethical standards of the research
U
uys G\
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but ec=C7M
|
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable 9pgct6BO
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, f
{
ueI<
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own Km?i{TW
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, y Z{YIy~
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists JeA}d
and their institutions, result in the imposition of ]k 8XLgJ
counterproductive regulations, and shake public CeQcnJU
confidence in the integrity of science. ihn M`TpMJ
(F)zj< {f
To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is D fb& / }
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is Rq*m x<HDX
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person Q
UNsS9
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past c2C8}XJ|O
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of ~AO0(L p
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be 1/n3qJyx2}
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can -[F^~Gv|;
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the *8N~ Zmz
charge, the institutions involved, and science in 4-m%[ D
|W
general. g41LpplX
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research 5Z:HCp-aG
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ^Z!W 3q Q
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to JG_7G=~
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. ':,LZ A8A
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, arB$& s
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of C@[:}ZGMV
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a /b
*@dy
complaint. KpE#Ye &
IV *}w"r
An important consideration is deciding when to put a a'\`Mi@rb
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are 'G^=>=w|Nv
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal ._yr7uY[M
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint S HvML
in writing can have serious consequences for the career i{
8=;
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after ;(a fz?T
thorough consideration. c.~|)^OXXO
The National Science Foundation and Public Health ]}B&-Yp
Service require all research institutions that receive "P|G^*"~2
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with
M}c_KFMV
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take " JRlj
into account fairness for the accused, protection for Ue% 0.G|<W
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and ''6"Xi|5
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. @bPJ}C
VcP#/&B|
In addition, many universities and other research u
Qj#U
m8
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics |amEuKJ
officer, or other official who is available to discuss #Y:/^Q$_qS
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions qM `SN4C
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever QQw ^c1@
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry ]gEfm~Y V
points, so that complainants can go to a person with ~\^8
^
whom they feel comfortable. GZ e
)QH
( u _ sz
upJishy&I
1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。
(-#{qkA
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 \uaJw\EZ
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 qkEy$[D9
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 R S1
oPY
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
