2008中科院英语翻译全文 k$9oUE,
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher }b ~ ;x6
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has /lC n^E6-
violated the ethical standards of the research V f`n>
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but osB[KRT>("
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable cxFfAk\,en
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, 1C 6H\;
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own #qi@I;;t
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, #G:~6^A
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists CaX&T2(
and their institutions, result in the imposition of <v&>&;>3
counterproductive regulations, and shake public }Y~o =3-
confidence in the integrity of science. ^ n"ve2
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is ZY-W~p1:G
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is ^| 5bK_Z&
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person h`F8GNx(
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past a]|P rjPI
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of +]*4!4MK6
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be ^CX=<
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can 0&E{ [~Pv
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the NdZv*
charge, the institutions involved, and science in 7 [N1Vr(1
general. 'z0@| a
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research (?Fz{
ethics usually has more options than are immediately r 'wam]1Z
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to ; 6Js
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. ,d'x]&a
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, w?|gJ*B"
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of {SVd='!V
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a ;0( |06=
complaint. ,{MA90!
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a O$
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complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are %GQP iWu
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal i7v> 9p7
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint Z;`ts/?SY]
in writing can have serious consequences for the career *U|K~dl]K
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after NPF"_[RoeV
thorough consideration. AAUFX/}8P
The National Science Foundation and Public Health *o <S{
Service require all research institutions that receive Q{ 1Q w'+@
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with KfD=3h=
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take ;5QdT{$H
into account fairness for the accused, protection for +Z99 x#
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and s>hNwb/
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. |#G.2hMFr
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In addition, many universities and other research n?'I&0>M
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics },<(VhP
officer, or other official who is available to discuss vJTdZ p
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions X}x"+ #\<@
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever ehe hTP
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry 03Czx `
points, so that complainants can go to a person with 9n\:grW
whom they feel comfortable. i [,9hp
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 xv|?;Zf6w
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 (S MnYh4
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 & d}1) ?
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 8x":7 yV&
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
