2008中科院英语翻译全文 0;#%KC,
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher \rF6"24t6
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has Yo/U /dB
violated the ethical standards of the research hJ ( Q^Z
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but M$B9?N6
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable +\fr3@Yc
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, |h\e (_G \
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own TUw^ KSa
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, (CJiCtAsl`
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists r/$+'~apTk
and their institutions, result in the imposition of mS p -
counterproductive regulations, and shake public [ >O4hifq
confidence in the integrity of science. n#uH^@#0
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is OL4I}^*,
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is 1P.
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possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person HJhPd#xCW
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past F l83
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and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of w < 3}(1
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be ^1s!OT Is
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can 'b:e`2fl
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the " nP mQ
charge, the institutions involved, and science in Z4A
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general. J]UlCg
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research T)&J}^j
ethics usually has more options than are immediately (Z"Q HfO'
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to ]w h8m1
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. L+LxS|S+M
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, S+3'C
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of 7Fw`s@/%
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a 3G9"La,b
complaint. jIv%?8+%
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a #P.jl pZk
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are F(>']D9$.
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal } d
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manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint !<H [h4g
in writing can have serious consequences for the career Xt~`EN
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after 5W"n n
thorough consideration. oJe
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The National Science Foundation and Public Health g9|B-1[
Service require all research institutions that receive !-b4@=f:
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with ?jbE3fW
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take :-ZE~b HJ
into account fairness for the accused, protection for Z m9 e|J
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and <9 lZ %j;
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. ,oX48Wg_+
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In addition, many universities and other research Yq}7x1mm
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics JIvVbI
officer, or other official who is available to discuss 5QB] 2c^
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions 3":ef|w]
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever [tsi8r =T
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry `fh^[Q|4n0
points, so that complainants can go to a person with J01w\#62pQ
whom they feel comfortable. ";}Lf1M9
35 z]pn%L
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 #q`[(` Bx
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 /:v+:-lU
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 H `y.jSNi
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 `bu3S }m7
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
