2008中科院英语翻译全文 0Q_AF`"
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher s[ nXr
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has jl{>>TW{x
violated the ethical standards of the research P-ys$=
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but LtJ$ZE^GB
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable H5S>|"`e`e
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, Z9cch- u~
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own (WCpaC
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, lV]hjt-L
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even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists _ S{ HVc
and their institutions, result in the imposition of [53 rSr
counterproductive regulations, and shake public 5Z ] `n
confidence in the integrity of science. ~#h@.yW^JN
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is s7tNAj bgD
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is p
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possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person ah>;wW!6/
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past )3=oS1p
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of U`ey7
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be |F-_Y
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taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can z
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gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the 4>uz'j<
charge, the institutions involved, and science in ) 2wof(
general. c|X. &<lX
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research T?N' k=
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ^D S9D:oE
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to kpsus \T
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. ;26a8g(
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, DM /J,q
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of L)H7~.Dj
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a bU/5ug.
complaint. K
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a { xi$' r
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are 7G.IGXK$
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal IFlDw}M!9
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint / *Z( ;-
in writing can have serious consequences for the career z\*ii<- @
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after K{B[(](
thorough consideration. tu#VZAPW@
The National Science Foundation and Public Health |!euty ::
Service require all research institutions that receive u3(zixb
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with ~'m
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allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take cx_ FtD
into account fairness for the accused, protection for d
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the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and kE;h[No&K
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. |6'(yn
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In addition, many universities and other research OJPx V~y
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics #|k;nFJ
officer, or other official who is available to discuss JV(qTb W
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions j|gQe .,1
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever VHwb 7f]gq
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry bO]^TRaiJ
points, so that complainants can go to a person with qgg/_H:
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whom they feel comfortable. Wjc1 EW!2x
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 rOQ@(aUAZ
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 ATl.Qku@
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 nJ'FH['
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 ^kJ(bBY
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
