英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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NiW 一般时
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pV bgjJI 进行时
:\[ W] .cJWYM C 完成时
|d =1|C %, MW*@fl<@?M 完成进行时
#Ux*": OW!cydA- 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
0]% 0wbY1 szW_cjS 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
,5` pe%W7 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
%6 r MS} should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
mkH {%7n 一般过去时的用法
} m5AO 4: `@?f@p$(B 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
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O^ When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
]gI>ay"\QA Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
GPP{"6q5' =xz Dpn>f 2）句型：
> b9nc\~ It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
78a!@T1# It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
R&M v|R It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
)c~1s It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
44;ZX$HL would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
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'7Z(9 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
5cLq6[uO `-qRZh@ E 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
%g1{ nGah I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
7)iB6RB K zdY+?s)p 比较：
R1.No_`PHq 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
v,6 Christine was an invalid all her life.
r zmd`)g (含义：她已不在人间。)
QUa_gYp0v Christine has been an invalid all her life.
Ph[P$: 9 (含义：她现在还活着)
<?|v-(E Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
00s&<EM (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Vq[L4 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
;uw`6 KJ ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
d GEMrjx Yr9>ATR 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
FFE IsB"9 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
z=ItKoM*< Did you want anything else?
cW+6Emh I wondered if you could help me.
{P' TtlEp 2）情态动词 could, would.
&{#4^.Q Could you lend me your bike?
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w&6c`az8 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
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1<Qj will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
K@Z K@++ Which paragraph shall I read first.
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v Will you be at home at seven this evening?
}1EfyR ?QzA;8 H 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
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hMv a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
}lN@J,q What are you going to do tomorrow?
B~p` 3rC b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
qEd!g,Sx the play is going to be produced next month。
ts2;?`~ c. 有迹象要发生的事
-8- BVU Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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)?p &?.k-:iN 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
_)4YxmK% We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
n0o' ns -49z.(@ki 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
xRZ9.Agv_ He is about to leave for Beijing.
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; 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
#lA 8yWxr 现在进行时
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b_Us%{ Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
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%hE` (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
2i+'?.P She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
+J` EBoIo c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
5B+>28G% the leaves are turning red.
?A|8J5E V It's getting warmer and warmer.
\k?uh+xl d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
_C ` cO You are always changing your mind.
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?`+46U% 典型例题
Y)@mL ~){ My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
>h3r\r\n3 A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
2#z 6= M~A 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
0i }4T:J@` 过去进行时
cr!6qv 1 J 00<NRxj" 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2UYtFWB9o Z5aU7 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
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d3+ AJ-p|[wPz 3) 常用的时间状语
[jl'5l d this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
HJ pkR<h 5>.)7D% p8<Y5:` My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
_RG!lmJV It was raining when they left the station.
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ec- When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
XCU.tWR: f$a%&X6"- 典型例题
@vWC "W 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
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X A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
6x KbK1W 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
(p<QRb:&Z J lAUie8 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
'0g1v7 Gx read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
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< 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
$M\|zUQu. 比较过去时与现在完成时
-|^}~yOx0= O@[c*3]e 1Sox @Ko ;=X6pK 一般过去时的时间状语:
6zK8-V?9F yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
Xv 3u}nPMq hNB;29r~ 共同的时间状语:
kYBTmz} z this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
MdK!Y Q jET u 现在完成时的时间状语
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| c for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
BQVpp,] 不确定的时间状语
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5WaG v0! >": 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
f !t2a// 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
]bO {001y, 举例：
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0W I saw this film yesterday.
H=]$9ZH! （强调看的动作发生过了。）
{\22C `9t I have seen this film.
0'O; H[nrl （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
r(pp = Why did you get up so early?
";B.^pBv@; （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
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*h)/d[A Who hasn't handed in his paper?
DG8]FhD^b （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
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c&/'zb She has returned from Paris.
8r / ]Q 她已从巴黎回来了。
c38RE,4U She returned yesterday.
B 1m @ 她是昨天回来了。
9 )l-5o: D He has been in the League for three years.
h!56?4,%Y (在团内的状态可延续)
F.c`0u;= He has been a League member for three years.
{'Nvs_{6 (是团员的状态可持续)
QQP bKok> He joined the League three years ago.
a`(6hL3 IT ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
gT-'#K2qT I have finished my homework now.
qdh;zAMx !> b>"\b ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
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])? ---He's already been sent for.
OQaM4 7" 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
`;WiTE)&) （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
~R-S$qizAC （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
