英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
U|v@v@IBA '3TfW61] 一般时
h&z(;B!;y. ai;- _M+$ 进行时
p)s *Cw 9a]h;r8,9z 完成时
dl+:u}9M$ vue=K 完成进行时
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9~|Su ;2'/rEq4o 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
F,@uYMQs OK%d1M^8j 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
i?6#>;f 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
7kmd.< should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
AP0z~e 一般过去时的用法
!~te&ccPE .CEl{fofj 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
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"j-:E@t When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
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; Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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}+ 6kdcFcV-] 2）句型：
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+ V@H It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
~iU@ns|g\ It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
p~h [4h P It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
U9x6\Iy It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
R;H>#caJ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
f<* -; I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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D[<~^R;* 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
Sj@VOW I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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nYR~~ 比较：
QR h %S{ 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
&6\f;T4 Christine was an invalid all her life.
I4MZ JAYk (含义：她已不在人间。)
VVH L@ Christine has been an invalid all her life.
4x?4[J~u[ (含义：她现在还活着)
F tay8m@f Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
cD]#6PFA (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
H<ZXe!q(nx Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
|snWO0iF ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
gCv[AIE_m >W^)1E,Qh 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
z9ZS& => 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
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B Did you want anything else?
n [ I wondered if you could help me.
nv%0EAa#} 2）情态动词 could, would.
]h}O&K/ Could you lend me your bike?
JJu}Ed_ 一般将来时
s|-g) &ej |DM6 R6 qC0@ * 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
1JF>0ijU@ will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
1-?TjR Which paragraph shall I read first.
89a`WV@} Will you be at home at seven this evening?
&|c] U/_w `&g1`vg 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
iK9#{1BpML a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
MTeCmFe0; What are you going to do tomorrow?
T*z y^w e b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
h SU|rVi the play is going to be produced next month。
|5 me }!C c. 有迹象要发生的事
d6{0[T^L Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
l#;o^H i <77v8=as5 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
UjH+BC+9`b We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
psB9~EU&Q }d 16xp 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
o3> D~9 He is about to leave for Beijing.
o Np4> 7Lk 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
$d%NF c& 现在进行时
`zMR?F` Rb_+C G,A;`:/ Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
F=8gtk| U (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
Mgc|># = She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
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c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
n]J;BW& Av the leaves are turning red.
YOY{f:ew It's getting warmer and warmer.
cO/.(KBF d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
9$e6?<` (Y You are always changing your mind.
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V8O<en&i 典型例题
_U/C G<n My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
J-+p]xG A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
p/.[ cH 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
ro*$OLc/ 过去进行时
5sK1rDN 7T-}oNaJA\ 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
d@,3P) ? I85bzzZB 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
Jb"0P`senY xlU :&=| 3) 常用的时间状语
xyc`p[n & this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
@$%[D`Wa< u &s>UkR b_xGCB C My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
[d/uy>z, It was raining when they left the station.
Ve\=By-a| When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
>zY~")|R( E A} Vb(2 典型例题
@&Lt IN# 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
g_F-PT>($ A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
#K _E/~ 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
Bfz]PN78.G wSP'pM{#2 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
<> |/U ` read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
E3<~C (APW 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
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h se2f 比较过去时与现在完成时
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'=^ 一般过去时的时间状语:
#>/s tU- yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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c!} )%{U 共同的时间状语:
!-gjA@Pk this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
Cvf^3~ q eED@Z/~6 现在完成时的时间状语
ELWm>'Q#9 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
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ESy 不确定的时间状语
uk)6% Sd0y=!Pj= 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
g Q@fe3[ 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
o/Cu^[an 举例：
MH8 Selnv I saw this film yesterday.
nB+ e2e& （强调看的动作发生过了。）
.oR _r1\y I have seen this film.
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（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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BA$, Why did you get up so early?
Q:4euhz * （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
$sX X6K), Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(i*;V0 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
d].(x)|st She has returned from Paris.
EN!Q]O | 她已从巴黎回来了。
STxreW1 She returned yesterday.
AX= 4{b' 她是昨天回来了。
iA[WDB\|0 He has been in the League for three years.
o/U"'FP (在团内的状态可延续)
NpIx\\d He has been a League member for three years.
V u`O%[Q/ (是团员的状态可持续)
w u He joined the League three years ago.
MiX*PqNTM ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
=h{j F7 I have finished my homework now.
@4Ox$M 3;h%mk KQ+ ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
Rf~? u)h1 ---He's already been sent for.
< CJ`A5N 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
v_zVhE tY （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
y_=}, a （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
