英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
;]O 7^s#v J?HZ,7X: 一般时
b$$L]$q2 V }r_ 进行时
dA M ilTo zWR*g/i 完成时
bQ:3G; kdueQ(\ 完成进行时
'=G<)z@k *7D$;?" 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
fU){]YP 3Jk?)D y 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
kI1{>vYD 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
p=P0$P+KM 一般过去时的用法
=*)O80oaW HDXjH|of 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
T;pn - When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
[8J}da } Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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"bstc{ 2）句型：
2W-NCE%K)T It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
0{ Ll4 It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
(j 8,n<o It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
-"^WDs It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
8J(zWV7 r would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
l?<z1Acd& I'd rather you came tomorrow.
k ^%ec3l >yHnz ?bf@ 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
aiX; D/t? I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
s\1_-D5]Z JGNxJ S<] 比较：
7;-i_&vws 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
u4^"E+y^S Christine was an invalid all her life.
%IX W|mi (含义：她已不在人间。)
N'BctK L Christine has been an invalid all her life.
< 3+&DV-<N (含义：她现在还活着)
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K-[/; Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
->9xw Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
Gv3Fg[MA@c ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
/+U)!$zm* 29DWRJU 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
05LQh 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
]<z(Rmn`Q Did you want anything else?
FAl 6 I wondered if you could help me.
;<R_ j%* 2）情态动词 could, would.
iC2nHZ*, Could you lend me your bike?
Ui;s.f 一般将来时
?bDae%>.d, fzG1<Gem u (`A ?H: 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
-{SiK will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
X_@@v|UF Which paragraph shall I read first.
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V_,; Will you be at home at seven this evening?
,WK$jHG] .g?,:$`0D? 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
o_m .MMEU a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
&J M;jS z What are you going to do tomorrow?
dV b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
rL"k-5>fd the play is going to be produced next month。
a/#,Y<kJ c. 有迹象要发生的事
V3UGx'@^y Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
M X\-)e# E NjD~ S 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
PaJwM%s )L We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
3<V!y&a Z`t?kXDNoI 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
! WnI` He is about to leave for Beijing.
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注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
)zV5KC{{ 现在进行时
+,>bpp 1 X\RTHlw'] |_m;@.44?U Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
gv-k}2u_ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
[G/X She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
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<k{ c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
k0?6.[ku the leaves are turning red.
k]g\`
gc It's getting warmer and warmer.
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d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
(5_(s`q. You are always changing your mind.
K W<CU' zY-m ]7Yf 典型例题
RoZV6U~ My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
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.!3 yy A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
$n"Llw&) 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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g:R@ 过去进行时
kpu^:N & wBET.l'd 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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KphlWs 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
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}o4Cd$,8 3) 常用的时间状语
kZNZ?A <D this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
cw\a,>]H }0G Ab2 e+[J9;g My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
($kwlj~c It was raining when they left the station.
}Urt DXhA When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
NL 37Y{b $BY{:# a] 典型例题
_f`m/l 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
kXW x )v A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
7-DC"`Y8e 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
@!$NUY8,A# L;"<8\vWB 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
u#\3T>o%@ read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
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v _!7 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
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J 比较过去时与现在完成时
<_![~n$H ;Yj}9[p;T L*z; -, A SSoKrFL 一般过去时的时间状语:
i ,'~Ds yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
dY,'6 JzC ?P5D!b :( 共同的时间状语:
zin ,yJ this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
9c 6=[3)V NQAnvX; 现在完成时的时间状语
gJ])A7O for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
vzw\f 不确定的时间状语
,"'agg:St YblRwic 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
PT;$@q8 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
f_7p.H6\ 举例：
iB?@(10}ES I saw this film yesterday.
=9c 2 4j （强调看的动作发生过了。）
k2=uP8 I have seen this film.
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RX!sI, （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
MiC&av Why did you get up so early?
$H#&.IjY （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
:* 'i\ Who hasn't handed in his paper?
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A （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
&^<94l She has returned from Paris.
>eC^]#c 她已从巴黎回来了。
' 9,}N:p She returned yesterday.
0h7\zoZ5 她是昨天回来了。
F4} Zl He has been in the League for three years.
GB+G1w (在团内的状态可延续)
&( 0iSS He has been a League member for three years.
1kpI?Plki (是团员的状态可持续)
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W?,n% He joined the League three years ago.
xH=&={ ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
! yxb< I have finished my homework now.
v uJ~Lg{ $exu}% ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
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---He's already been sent for.
6wF ?FtT 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
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ee （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
UpgOU. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
