英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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5] 一般时
AL3zE =BL AdKv!Ta5b 进行时
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vsRn \Y nH/V2> Lm 完成进行时
9p9:nx\ "b|qyT* Sl 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
O{%yO=`r 118A6qyi 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
(wo.OH 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
ys u"+J should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
QZYD;&iY& 一般过去时的用法
3.xsCcmP (w6 024~ 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
K*d+pImrV When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
.Q>.|mu Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
nulVQOj| 1
\$xq9 2）句型：
wC}anq>> It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
}[ld=9p( It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
e)zE*9 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
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HK It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
z )#I"$!d would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
v1o q[+ I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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_B|i Tu o`>ZA 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
cGIxE[n' I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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^?Mip /q^)thJ~ 比较：
*:{s|18Pj 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
RXxi7^ U Christine was an invalid all her life.
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U(2mF (含义：她已不在人间。)
M%92 ^;|` Christine has been an invalid all her life.
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B!E 6ah (含义：她现在还活着)
>-*rtiE Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
4>-'w MW") (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
<2"' R(4", Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
7 X E&[o ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
@a$_F3W z6)b XL[f 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
!}[}YY?',i 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
(0dy,GRN Did you want anything else?
\@&oK 2f I wondered if you could help me.
IO3 p&sJ/ 2）情态动词 could, would.
>HNBTc=~t Could you lend me your bike?
]9qY(m 一般将来时
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1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
])OrSsV} will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
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X Which paragraph shall I read first.
G5*"P!@6 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
7.)kG}q] epN> ;e z 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
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aT a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
^/]w}C#:d What are you going to do tomorrow?
'F2g2W` b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
3 PkVMX the play is going to be produced next month。
Ig&H0S c. 有迹象要发生的事
abM B- Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
#zmt x0 Y"H'BT!b} 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
5PY4PT=G We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
B(|*u nA*U dr cn 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
:j2?v(jT_l He is about to leave for Beijing.
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Y 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5Ve`j,`=< 现在进行时
wqxChTbs T.(C`/VM "DO|B=EejP Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
~ =GwNo_ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
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ZW She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3</W}]$)p c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
$E/N the leaves are turning red.
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d&\Z It's getting warmer and warmer.
^'%Q>FVb d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
Ec9%RAxl You are always changing your mind.
)\KU:_l GIb,y,PDB 典型例题
8]K+,0m6 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
{S@gjMuN A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
'yo-`nNFD 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
Tnv,$KOhs 过去进行时
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a[V X)w_W{ 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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hL 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
z6*r<>Bf+b LC7%Bfn! 3) 常用的时间状语
h ,\5C/ this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
>*/:"!u C{:U<q j[,XJ , 5= My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
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; It was raining when they left the station.
Yl&bv#[z When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
: q >)c] i#NtiZ.t= 典型例题
j0^ 1BVcj 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
#qu;{I#W3 A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
~Ede5Vg!!2 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
27 i-B\r x~ i\*Ox^ 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
K 5RgWP read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
9mW 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
`z`=!1 比较过去时与现在完成时
Vnq cp J 0 . UN T_q M@/ f IB$i ^ 一般过去时的时间状语:
p1[|5r5Day yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
/U,(u9bq F >H\F@Wl 共同的时间状语:
gL~3z'$ this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
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62kA(F 0e, 现在完成时的时间状语
2c51kG77E for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
gil:SUW1r 不确定的时间状语
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S8 p I.~j]*:{ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
AQtOTT$ 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
k{'<J(Hb 举例：
0eKLp8;Lh I saw this film yesterday.
\Una wv~ （强调看的动作发生过了。）
mhM;` d l I have seen this film.
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\ （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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k~|r#@ Why did you get up so early?
'f0R/6h\3s （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
JvEW0-B^l, Who hasn't handed in his paper?
EuA352x （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
Unansk She has returned from Paris.
&xvNR=K[` 她已从巴黎回来了。
vX ZP> She returned yesterday.
_v 8u% 她是昨天回来了。
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vb He has been in the League for three years.
I *f @M} (在团内的状态可延续)
Dw 5Ze He has been a League member for three years.
5!wjYQt3 (是团员的状态可持续)
tR 4+]K He joined the League three years ago.
s'd\"WaQV ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
1vA J(O{- I have finished my homework now.
&_s^ C?x ;mr*$Iu 7| ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
nEP3B '+ ---He's already been sent for.
ug'^$geM 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
J9f]=1` （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
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c （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
