该错题常考要点 59V8cO+qH
一、代词 9rM#w"E?<
代词中主要讲解六个问题 DH.CAV
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 K'[kl'
主格、宾格、所有格 dSS Ai
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名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) Q0L1!}w
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(二) 反身代词
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当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 k~JTQh*,w
He killed himself. (他自杀了) #5X+.!L
He killed him. (他杀了他) 8w~X4A,
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating
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a series of indicators that could help ];u nR<H
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themselves to predict earthquakes. :S+Bu*OyH
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 FyV $`c$
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 W QeQ`pM
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 NHhKEx0Gtu
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 (?P\;yDG
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies ra1_XR}
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the hE +M|#o
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Pacific. )t$-
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 E/ ^N
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 y`
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Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: 4^ZbT
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 ]5e|W Q>*X
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined "?'9\<>
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the word“normalcy”to express social and a*nCvZ
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economic conditions they promised the nation. V
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 +*wo iSD
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important K!v\r"N
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John ]#W9l\
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Keats, published the year of her death. * b"aJ<+
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. ?BU?c:"f
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(四) Who和which的区别 4
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which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 5e^z]j1Yv
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 _TbvQY
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who -`
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. 4XSq\.@G
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 8o466m6/
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 vg5fMH9ZZ
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(五) that和which的区别 e]V7
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介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 '^tC |)
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it b\H,+|iK
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. /pJr%}sc
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 M%5_~g2n'\
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略
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Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, \(U|&
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when wYh]3
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. DO~~
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which '<AE%i,
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly pe
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. UL xgvq
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 ~jJe|zg>
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has cK'}+
affected the way people in the United States----. f_IsY+@
(A) living and working z/i&Lpr:
(B) they live and work 9dp1NjOtAc
(C) live and work vh^?M#\
(D) to live and to work MFqb_q+
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 $Eo-58<q
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二、介词 A9LVS&52
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 P#AS")Sj
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(一) 介词搭配 KqXPxp^_Al
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those Y\E7nll:.
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. @[]#[7
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 c=p!2jJ1K~
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. ~zQxfl/
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分析:B错改为be rich in VBK |*Tl
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the "1rT>
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. ^O&&QR