该错题常考要点 ?3B t;<^
一、代词 } k
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代词中主要讲解六个问题 ne!j%9Ar
(一) 掌握代词的几种格
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主格、宾格、所有格 o2 T/IJP
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) cpr{b8Xb8&
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(二) 反身代词 %>I?'y^
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 aOAwezfYR
He killed himself. (他自杀了) 7YQK@lS
He killed him. (他杀了他) OI]K_ m3
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating lD;,I^Lt6
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a series of indicators that could help yp^[]Mz=
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themselves to predict earthquakes. U4^p({\|-
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 ^ T:qT*v
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 w ;s ]n
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 |/T<]+X;
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 28UL
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies :}3
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that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the _?(hWC"0
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Pacific. qeK
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 ,
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 sKB-7
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: /Y\E68_Fh
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 !>kv.`|7~
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined g%q?2Nv
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the word“normalcy”to express social and A2O_
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economic conditions they promised the nation. B 1ZHV^
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important #+ lq7HJ1
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John t ]I(98pY
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Keats, published the year of her death. g$-D?~(Z
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. :mtw}H 'F8
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(四) Who和which的区别 .lF\b A|
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 zQj%ds:
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 !%\To(r[
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who %d#)({N
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. &'ETx"
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 7 KdM>1!
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 8OtUY}R
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(五) that和which的区别 #|_UA}Y
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 GuY5 %wr
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it irw 7
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. +e4<z%1
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 #!&R7/
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略
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Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, 2Yd~v|
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when K/d&c]
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. !=:MG#p
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which -LK(C`gB
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly mL5f_Fb+
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. `"mK\M
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 ?[/,*Q%
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has &Wz:-G7<n
affected the way people in the United States----. IeI%X\G
(A) living and working oqHm:u^2
(B) they live and work cD@lorj
(C) live and work )^#Zg8L
(D) to live and to work K2`WcEe
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 x)Kh_
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二、介词 7$P(1D4
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 ^F9zS`Yz2
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(一) 介词搭配 W%Q>< 'c
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those h,?Yw+#o"
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. Dq4}VkY
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 ui0(#2'h%
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. m|FONQ,@D
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分析:B错改为be rich in bGO_y]Pc
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the )PNk
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. ~36XJ
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 ,{t!->K
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 0_izTke
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 P^+>QJ1
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. @cNI|T
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 b~echOj
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has ?"Q6;np*
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on >.>5%
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. e#{L~3
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 0Z(b/fdS
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2、介词by ]P^ +~
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by )BDi2 : u
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing ktb.fhO
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States >48Y-w
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. bN)?szh&Y