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主题 : 考博英语词汇解答技巧-副词
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楼主  发表于: 2008-11-24   

考博英语词汇解答技巧-副词

副词也是博士生入学英语考试中的一个重要项目。在这部分词类中,要求考生能够正确地识别副词的形式以及词义。在这一章中,我们将介绍副词的分类、用法、构成及特点,帮助考生熟悉考试的形式。 Sq}hx  
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(一) 副词的分类 h2!We #  
副词按其词义和作用可分为下列几类: ;_,=  
1. 时间副词,如:yesterday,tomorrow,today,last,ago,recently,immediately,nowadays,still,just等。 "Nn/vid;  
2. 频率副词,如:never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom,always, frequently等。 %?y ?rt  
3. 地点、方向副词,如:here,there,outside,west,left,straight,over,on, in, out,off, somewhere,anywhere,up,down,over,away等。 N0sf V  
4. 方式副词,如:awkwardly,largely,neatly,quickly,well,together,slowly,fast等。 'u{m37ZJ  
5. 强调副词,如:very,quite,too,more,extremely,so,pretty,terribly,wholly,almost,entirely,even,only等。 m]+g[L?-  
6. 疑问、连接副词,如:when,where,why,how,whenever,however,wherever等。 $&='&q  
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(二)副词的用法 ngcXS2S_  
1. 修饰动词: The girl threw the ball quickly. #]oVVf_  
2. 修饰形容词: The job is too hard to him. AM1J ^Dp  
3. 修饰其他副词: He drives rather fast. OOGqtA;  
4. 修饰小品词: They let her well behind. _+S`[:;a  
5. 修饰不定代词和数词: ~#&bDot  
Nearly everybody came to out party. 3lqR(Hh3  
7. 修饰名词:Life here is full of Joy. m\__Fl  
9. 修饰全句: GNA:|x  
Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven. H*!j\|v0  
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(三)副词的构成 :t8(w>oW  
1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly 构成的。如:politely,sadly;当形容词以-y结尾时。在加-1y之前,先变-y为-i:heavily,busily;以-1e结尾时去-e加-y即可:   simply,ably;以-ll结尾时,只需加-y: dully,shrilly;以-ic结尾时,则在-ic之后加-ally: economically,basically等。 ec[S?-  
2. 由名词加-ly构成的副词,如:weekly,monthly,yearly。 a=& a)FR  
3. 由数词加-1y构成的副词,如:firstly。 zy~vw6vu  
4. 由不定代词加-1y构成的副词,如:mostly。 ~&[Wqn@MZ  
5. 由介词加-ly构成的副词,如:overly。 nKp='>Th  
6. 由短语加-1y构成的副词, 如: matter-of-factly。 r ioNP(  
7. 由各种词类加前缀-a或后缀-fashion,-ways,-style构成的副词,如:alike, 6&S;Nrg9  
round,aloud,sideways,cowboy-style等。 )C5<puh  
8. 有些副词由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward(s)构成,意义是“向…”。如: backward(s),downward(s),forward(s),northward(s),onward(s),upward(s)等。 +u#;k!B/>  
9. 另外,有些副词是由名词加后缀-wise构成,表示方向、位置、状态、样子等,如:clockwise,crabwise,lengthwise等。 k, &*d4  
(四)与形容词同形的副词 ` /#f8R1g  
有些形容词与副词同形,但有着不同的句法功能。如: `$\g8Mo  
We had an early breakfast. ?~$0;5)QC  
We had breakfast early. cH?j@-pY  
early在第一句中是形容词,做定语;在第二句中是副词,做状语。有些表示时间的如:daily,weekly,quarterly,monthly,yearly也能做如此用法。 U+F?b\  
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(五)兼有两种形式的副词 vyP3]+n  
有些副词有两种形式:一是与形容词同形,二是由该形容词加-1y构成。这两种不同的形式,有些含义相同,有些略有不同,有些完全不同。如: o7)<pf if  
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1. close做“近”解: eVyXh>b*  
He lives close to the school. 3e~ab#/  
He was following close behind. U~n>k<`sr  
做其他解释时用closely: D0 Yl?LU3  
Watch what I do closely. Kq e,p{=  
The prisons were closely guarded. k #y4pF_  
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2. dead做“突然地, 完全地”解: j/`- x  
She stopped dead. +e?mKLw14  
在非正式用语中作“完全地”“直接地”解: p%toD{$  
He was dead tired. w DswK "T  
The wind was dead against us. ++n"` ]o,  
deadly做“死一般地”或“非常”解, 83~ Gu[  
例如:deadly pale,deadly serious,deadly dull等。 <`,pyvR Kv  
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3. direct做“直线地”“不绕圈子地”解: 9v>BP`Mg  
The train goes there direct. $zS0]@Dj  
The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome; it goes by way of Paris.  }_93}e  
做“直接地”(即“间接地”的反义词)解时用directly: rqbX9M^  
He was looking directly at us. mL/]an@Y  
She answered me very directly and openly. )';Rb$<Qn  
directly也可以做“立即”或“马上”解: |M]#D0v  
Answer me directly. b* Ny  
Let's meet directly after lunch. GWo^hIfJ  
有些词,如:above,in, on,around,away,off等,在与动词搭配时,其后面没有宾语,这些词是做副词。请看以下例句: RzCC>-  
They looked around. 3Z=OUhn9  
Let’s go on with the work. z K`fX  
上面两句中的around和on都是副词。 t I}@1  
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(六)副词的词序 i(R&Q;{E^  
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1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时,通常放在被修饰词的前面。 ;AyE(|U+  
The building is very high. lg` Qi&  
He came long before the appointed time. 59K%bz5t  
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2. 副词修饰动词。 9Fb|B  
不及物动词+副词:She speaks well. Z* eb  
及物动词+受词+副词:She speaks English well. C" l_ 78  
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3. 地点副词和时间副词可置于句首或句末,放在句首时语气较强。 '@enl]J  
I was born in Zhejiang in 1963. 6J. [9#  
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4. 频度副词的位置。 :&D>?{b0  
在一般动词前:They always say so. ghvF%-."1  
有be动词时,在be动词后: ,4dES|)sP  
I am always busy. Y4*ezt:;Q  
有助动词时,在助动词和本动词之间:This job will never be finished. wI'8B{[  
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5. 两个以上的副词词序。单位较小者+单位较大者: q~*3Bk~  
The school is situated at the fifth street, Beijing, China. |rJ1/T.9  
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6. 两个以上不种类的副词词序。 g1U   
地点+状态+次数+时间: |k5uVhN  
She arrived there safely the other day. nLK%5C  
程度十状态+地点十时间: <3\t J  
They played fairly well there yesterday.
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