考博英语阅读理解第三讲

Passage 3 "8iyMP%8  
  In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A the-ory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. ws=9u-  
  A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experi-merits to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is sup-ported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. _XO)`D~  
    Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house." Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are -aeo7C  
formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. 0)]C&;}_M  
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes ob-servations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories. {ALBmSapK"  
11. The word "this" in the 3rd sentence in paragraph 1 refers to ______. bCx 1g/   
  A) a good example           B) an imaginary model |% YzGgp7  
  C) the kinetic molecular theory   D) an observed event <[B[  
12. Bricks are mentioned in the 3rd paragraph to indicate how ____. p31rhe   
    A) mathematicians approach science >^\>-U|  
    B) building a house is like performing experiments UE$[;Zg  
    C) science is more than a collection of facts _Ag/gu2-?  
    D) scientific experiments have led to improved technology ZT6X4 Z  
13. In the last paragraph, the author refers to a hypothesis as "a leap into the unknown" in or-     der to show that hypotheses ______. sq(063l  
    A) are sometimes ill-conceived   B) can lead to dangerous results )PoI~km  
    C) go beyond available facts     D) require effort to formulate ~m09yc d<  
14. What is a major function of hypotheses as implied in the last paragraph7 O> ^~SO  
    A) Sifting through known facts. F@(}=w^(A  
    B) Communicating a scientist’s thoughts to others. Y l3[~S  
    C) Providing direction for scientific research. a4qpnr]0  
    D) Linking together different theories. {F9Qy0.*u  
15. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? GTIfrqT  
    A) Theories are simply imaginary models of past events. Fh4w0u*Q  
    B) It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it. JO6vzoS3  
    C) A scientist’s most difficult task is testing hypotheses. =28H^rK{  
    D) A good scientist needs to be creative. D}/.;]w<[&  
B+$Q"  
e4H0<h }{  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .O-DVW Cm  
Passage 3 -V_S4|>   
Ri6 br  
文章大意： wQS w&G  
  这篇文章从定义、作用及产生过程几方面阐述了科学理论。科学理论是对观察 T:~W.3  
xdU pp~}+.  
到的相关事物的解释。经常包括一个想象的模式来帮助科学家想象事物的产生过 kc']g:*]Y  
R .'Gg  
程。而一个实用的理论，不仅可以解释以往的观察，还可以帮助预测等待观察的事 VRP.tD  
物。观察又可以验证一个理论是否正确。科学除了包括收集信息和做实验，还需要 !4.^@^L|\  
b/}0 &VXo  
创造性的思考，然后形成可能的问题解决方法，即假设。假设总是朝着未知领域前进 CIvT5^}  
一步，它拓宽了科学家的视野，经过验证后的假设就变成了理论。
kL2sJX+  
$,#IPoi~X  
答案解析： R*G>)YH  
He;%6OG{  
[11]B第三句话中的代词“this'’指代前一句提到的“an imaginary model"。因为这个 0]0M>vx u  
  例子就是要说明在动力分子理论中，气体被描绘成由许多不停运动的小分子所 :>ST)Y@]w  
  组成，即前句中“理论常包含一个想象模式来帮助科学家描绘事件的产生过 N!&VBx^z  
+Z(VWu6  
  程。” oDI*\S>  
buyz>ICP  
[12]C第三段最后一句中“科学是由事实构成的，就象房屋是由砖建成的。但是事实 -7VV5W  
  堆积起来并不能成为科学，这比用砖块搭房子复杂得多”。因此说科学并不是 6T_c#G5  
JY8pV+q @=  
  简单的堆砌事实。 LB+=?Mz V  
[13]C最后一段第二句话，“假设”使科学家的思想可以超越已知事实。 I;Y`rGj  
T )]|o+G  
[14]C最后一段第四句话，若没有假设，更深入的调查就会缺少目标和方向。所假设 S|w] Q   
n}kz&,  
  的一个主要作用就是给科研提供方向。 ,R6$SrNcd  
ee` =B  
[15]D第二段第一句说明理论不仅可以解释以往的观察，还可以帮助预测还未观察 hKeh9 Bt  
Md{f,,E'^@  
到的。 K%Ml2V   
因此排除A。第二段最后两句，如果观察不能证实预测，那么说明实验有 Bn:sN_N  
xWV7#Z7  
  错或理论可能应被修改或推翻，因此排除B。而C在文章中没有涉及。根据第 "!?Ya{  
XL9lB#v^  
  三段最后一句话，科学需要想象力和创造性思考，可以得出D为正确答案。

谢谢，谢谢！