考博英语语法重点总结 ~r7DEy |+
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 KI^ q 5D ?
独立主格特征 i&?
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1. 充当句子的状语。 p Rb+'v&_k
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 _CYmG "mY
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 W\ZV0T;<]
4. With + 名词 #w[ q.+A
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） Ix%"4/z>
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 23.y 3t_?
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. S.?\ >iH[
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 3(XHF3q
真题剖析 QqT6P`0u
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ;RTrRh0v
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because &9GR2GY
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. C_g"omw40
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be )U3 H1 5
虚拟语气 ; Fwm1ezx0
虚拟语气（2） 6 >P
1. （should）+动词原形 [f0oB $
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 eO[Cb]Dy:
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ^
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Ot8S'cB1,$
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 V+@%(x@D_
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 ]R3pBC"Jv
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) &>wce 5uV
真题剖析 y:|Xg0Kp
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … :6P c m3
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Eg- Mm4o
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. "3>* i!i
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ^5'/ }iR2N
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. g cK"
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take lN`_0
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. +h vIJv ?
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) #SLxN AH
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should >a`zkl
非谓语动词 ]3 8<ly7
动名词、分词、不定式。 :,z3 :PL
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) o:Os_NaD
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) L) nVpqm
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +}L3T"
真题剖析 6Cv2>'{S
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 1S.e5{
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. C.e|VzQ a
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative Z
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主谓一致 2WECQl=r
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 #vZ]2Ud= 2
How you got there doesn’t concern me. A =[f >8
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. o / [yA3^
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 cyP* QW[
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. .q[s k
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 f<U m2YGW
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ~U*N'>'=)
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 3R[J,go
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 #V,~d&_k
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. S^`9[$KH0
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) SR8Kzk{
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） dv}R]f'
He no less than John is interested in literature. k<";t
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) QM=436fq
Either my father or my brothers are coming. Ywk[VD+.
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 0bL=l0N$W
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. /2V',0
真题剖析 A-!qO|E[-
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ~e~Mx=FT0
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some /Z _ [)PTH
倒装 4n )Mx*{
全部倒装 ?o'arxCxZn
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” &: 8 &;vk
There stand big buildings in this district. TmAb!
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. YVp0
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) cU[ pneY
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. mU>* NP(L
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 9Bw5 t@
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. h!%`odl%
4. 表语位于句首 S|w] Q
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. H hH'\-[t
Not far from here is a famous university. '2{o_<m
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 !qve1H4d2
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ..mz!:Zs0
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. w2AWdO6
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） z KT<Q
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. nEr, jd~f
部分倒装 e 3oIoj4o
1. 疑问句 KphEw[4 /
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） H@2+wr)$}
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. V@f#/"u'
3. “only+状语”位于句首 1Xc%%j
Only when he comes back can be leave. U++UG5 c
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 /V
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ~=*_I4,+r
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) _;W|iUreb
By no means should you break the rules. yRDLg
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. ;_*F [
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 (FHh,y~v
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” + ^:K#S9U
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. R \?!r4
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
