考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 -{ae
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英语形容词翻译 L\:f#b~W
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 wFgL\[$^|
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 ?|&plf|
来源:考试大 34@f(^d
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1. These goods are in short supply. ,>DaS(
这些货物供应不足。 C< :F<[H
来源:考试大 _n[4+S*v(
2. This equation is far from being complicated.
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这个方程一定也不复杂。 EmaVd+Sw
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 Oy @vh>RY
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. AYC22(
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 NwK(<dzG
来源:考试大 xai
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2. It is easy to compress a gas. `&)khxT/
气体很容易压缩。 p'`SYEY@Z
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 Hkc:B/6
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1. She spoke in a high voice. bS0z\!1
她讲话声音很尖。 hBSci|*f
来源:考试大 V9v80e {n4
2. This engine develops a high torque. K%Sy~6iD&
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 %N"9'g>
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 MTKd:.J6
来源:考试大 6 u3$ .Q
1. a large brick conference hall 0n<t/74
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 lP@/x+6tg
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2. a plastic garden chair W_zv"c
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 I2@pkVv3z
来源:考试大 T)IH4UO
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 (6C%w)8'
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. G22=8V
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 c'=p4Fcm
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. t^h{D
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 x,Im%!h
来源:考试大 mVYLI!n}0#
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. p]d3F^*i
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 7o$4ov;T
来源:考试大 tHhA_
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 ?#F}mOVAa
来源:考试大 Q3SwW
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. ';buS -|6
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 Qh )QdW4
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. dm60O8
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 pZRKM<k
来源:考试大 9}`A_KzFx
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. sa%2,e'
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 UE4zmIq
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 7Zl-|
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 J7R+|GTcx
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: i)V-q9\
来源:考试大 jV^Dj
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) |[x) %5F
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) dB7E&"f
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) P%5h!Z2m
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. =R)9_D6I
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. 5-|fp(Ww_W
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 N1ZHaZ
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 C !81Km5
来源:考试大 =:(8F*Q
(二)increase to n times(④) fG O.wb
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) x,"'\=|s*
increase by n times(⑥) ,L&Ka|N0
increase by a factor of n(⑦) Fs7/3
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 JZ&]"12]fR
来源:考试大 }2M2R}D
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. {{M?+]p,^
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. 6Gjr8
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 4RsV\Y{FN
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. <#ujm fD
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 Nzz" w_#
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. D!TL~3d
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漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 0mL#8\'"
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 )` S,vF~
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)
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应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: nGGYKI
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 3+"z
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 ?n>h/[/
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) s2riayM9/
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. i1ur>4Ns
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 bNp
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: :CNWHF4$
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) {LVii}<
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 =K~<& l8
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 N^xnx<
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) E(*RtOC<W
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 Q3u
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12)
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A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) oOUL<ihe?
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 c#|!^gjf
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. :^j`wd1
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氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 v^0D
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. qasbK:}
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 ,<0R'R
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 URdCV{@42
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) .;)7)%
decrease by n times(15) /J )MW{;O
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 rg64f'+Eug
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 yaza
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 s(jixAf
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. uP2e/a
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 T1 >xw4uo
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. FOVghq@
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 z)p(
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Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. kk#%x#L[
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 Lgp{ hK
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… ?!TFoD2'
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) m_YXTwwx
这个句型还有其它一些形式, nX%b@cOXj
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 36"-cGNr{
发现迅速减少到1/7。 Sv3O${B|
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. ~+DPq|-O
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 S;@nP
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。