考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 o)8VJ\ &
Yn>FSq^Wp-
英语形容词翻译 bVr`a*EM
(^m~UN2@~m
英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 f6m
h_l
&_' evZ8
一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 ,My'_"S?
来源:考试大 }S{VR(i`J
1. These goods are in short supply. #
S0N`V
这些货物供应不足。 Rb0{W]opt+
来源:考试大 dJ~Occ 1~r
2. This equation is far from being complicated. Wr+1e1[
这个方程一定也不复杂。 RY\0dv>
ek
d[|g
二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 Th4}$)yrkN
l0E]#ra"
1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. >^g\s]c[
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 Yw\lNhoPS
来源:考试大 H-eHX3c7
2. It is easy to compress a gas. `2y?(BJp
气体很容易压缩。 L#fK
,r8
0J
W
=RW
三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 8Ep!
\T?6TDZ]
1. She spoke in a high voice. m@YK8c#$
她讲话声音很尖。 yoM^6o^,D
来源:考试大 /$9We8
2. This engine develops a high torque. Sx1OY0)s
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。
|{MXDx
2_TFc2d
四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 bnH:|-?q
来源:考试大 (4/W)L$
1. a large brick conference hall UYzNaw4/x
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 ;_0frX
[MF&x9Ss?%
2. a plastic garden chair r6It)PQ
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 i/PL!'oq
来源:考试大
u5Mg
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 H%0WD_
U#{(*)q
r
1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. Bve',.xH
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 *d31fBCk%
Uy@:-NC)kn
2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. MjK<n[.
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 7Rn
4gT
来源:考试大 x:c'ek
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. Bq,MTzxD
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 t
;fJ`.
来源:考试大 mZ.gS1Dq
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 <YrsS-9
来源:考试大 'Z)#Sz Y
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. {7`1m!R
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 =&~ K;=:
! vuun |
2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. 'r1X6?dJ
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 3N4kW[J2i
来源:考试大 I1JL`\;4
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. 4\j1+&W
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 'C @yJf
l9n$cv^
从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 VBW][f
t| B<F t^
B_C."{G
Q |hBGH9:B
考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 65tsJ"a<
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: 4tSh.qBht
来源:考试大 lB7/oa1]>
倍数增加 *z]P|_:&G
=@nW;PUZ
(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) s !II}'Je
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) ony;U#
^T
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) DmZ_tuVI
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. 9l,8:%X_
4-9cp=\PE
Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. \*pS4vy5x
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 ^c"\%!w"O
COd~H
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。
$?9u;+jIR
来源:考试大 RK_z!%(P
(二)increase to n times(④) e.(RhajB
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) )-1$y+s>
increase by n times(⑥) ObataUxQT
increase by a factor of n(⑦) 2]r5e;
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 ,S?:lQuK5
来源:考试大 ;
cb='s
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.
}}wSns
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. <!X]$kvG
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 OQDx82E
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. fUJe{C<H
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 Eb8z`@p
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 2O2d*Ld>
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 Z
eWstw7
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 T n,Ifo3
])WIw'L!
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) z7a@'+'
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: |~=4ZrcCP
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. *C> N
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 H$&P=\8n
[VOw:|Tt
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) XsMETl"Av4
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. ;;LiZlf
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 *Oy%($'
dW#l3_'3T
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: tgu
fU
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) $U%N$_k?
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 L/O:V^1
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 AOCiIPw
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) 1{wOjq(4
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 ~I%JVX%
倍数减少 ;] #Q!
y;HJ"5.Mw
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) AFNE1q;{\
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) q5~fU$ ,
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 }5ONDg(I~
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. {7FD-Q[tS
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 65pC#$F<x
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. |7G=f9V
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 +'?axv
6e
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 -Cf<
#'x_
f.u[!T
(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) 3 jay V
decrease by n times(15) `
_]tN
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 CEb .?B
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 C)Hb=
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 A*hc
w
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. XAc#ywophi
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 F!yejn
[
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. dD"o~iEC
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 nc%ly *
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. 4 5\%2un
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 68jq1Y
Pv
]w|,n2DG
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… KcX] g*wy
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) B^uQv|m
这个句型还有其它一些形式, 4]]1JL(Ka
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. h+h`0(z
发现迅速减少到1/7。 |^E#cI
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. Y r^C+Oyg
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 X+T
+y>ea
C/Dc1sj
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。