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智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第22 页 YnD#p[Wo^
北京师范大学2007 年博士生入学考试英语试题 C{)HlOW
I. Listening Comprehension (15 points) \KNdZC?V2
Section A 94+/wzWvi
Directions: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken ,{pGP#
only' once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the 0IpST
one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking the E\_W
corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on the ANSVER SHEET with a single line through :Dt\:`(r'
the center. T|!D>l'
1. 6I5o2i
A. He is in a drug store. y 3IA '
B. He is at a department store. ) (+)Q'*
C. He is at home. -$OD }5ku#
D. He is at his doctor's office. Yg$@ Wb6
2. bSY;[{Kl
A. I missed in3' train because you stopped me. ;hkro$
B. You made me forget what I was saving N:OD0m%`)
C. You looked so deep in thought that I didn't want to bother you. V8\$`NEP
D. You told me never to interrupt you. T^N L:78
3. ^t`f1rGR
A Sally drove back and forth to work twice today D>ojW|@}
B. Sally took long time to do her work. @uoT{E[
C. Sally took her lunch with her to work. \Oz,Qzr|
D. Sally usually gets to work in much less time. xJN |w\&
4. UBL(N r
A. If you audit a course, you don't have to take the tests. NoJUx['6
B. You have to take a test if you want to add another course. g)X7FxS,z
C. Of course you need to buy some textbooks. N4A&"1d&
D. It is not necessary to order a textbook. v'h3CaA9j
5. 3Ca
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A. The speaker's salary is $250. tF<^9stM
B. The speaker's salary is $1000. `i=JjgG@
C. The speaker's salary is $1100. qo)Q}0
D. The speaker's salary is $ 275. 1]_?$)$T
Section B "3\oQvi.
Directions: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of #-}kG"
each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation x(rd$oZO
and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. txj wZ_p
During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide 6 #-6Bh)>4
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智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第23 页 y>>vGU;
which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with gTqeJWX9wP
a single line through the center. P{"WlJ
6. VV?]U$
A. Clean up her room caGML|DeI
B. Get her report back. kX@bv"i
C. Not wait for him past noon. ov?.:M
D. Not worry about her raincoat. )w
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7. _= o1?R
A. It was probably Mr. Brown's phone number that the woman wrote down. 1y},9ym
B. it was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown. >{j,+$%kp
C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number. _L?v6MTj
D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number. ;[;)P tFz\
8. U(rr vNt:t
A. Someone who is in charge of hunting. [LJ705t
B. A boss of a company. ^;0~6uBEJr
C. A job-seeking advisor. 9=Y,["br$_
D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for a company. pi^^L@@d
9. W2}%zux
A. The woman is not careful at all this time. i0,%}{`
B. No matter how careful one can be, it is not enough Am>_4
C. The woman is most careful this time. ExNj|*
D. The woman has never been careful. w^ixMn~nLF
10. <bEN8b
A. Ton: stayed in a room on the second floor for an hour. o>xxmyW|
B. Nobody but the woman noticed that Tom was absent. aDm-X r
C. Tom was absent when the discussion was held. "~ Fv?R\`52u
D. Tom stayed in Room 302 for an hour. gGtep*k
Section C k)H[XpM
Directions: In this section, you will hear an interview. Look at the five statements ke3HK9P;
for this part on your test paper and decide if you think each statement is true or Fy}MXe"f
false while you are listening to the interview. If you think the answer is true, mark Ck ~V5
A, if you think the answer is false, mark B on the e\NS\VER SHEET with a single line Y0/jH2 n
through the center. Z:\;R{D
11. Xiang zhen has lived in the United States since she was ten years old. ;whFaQi 4
12. In Korea, the American gesture for "come" is used :o call dogs. , aRJ!AZ
13. When talking to an older person or someone with a higher social position. *kX3sG$8
Koreans traditionally look at the person's feet. AJ;u&&c4C\
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智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第24 页 ?=;e.qK=71
14. Between males and females, direct eye contact is a sign of attraction, 2x<Qt2"
15. After many years in the United States. Xiangzhen's body language is still ,z?<7F1q=
completely Korean. }S~ysQwT
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II. Reading Comprehension (30 points) &;6|nl9;
Directions: Read the following passages carefully end then select the best answer ,?0-=o
from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on z:ru68
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 8!o{W=m^4
1 U}RS*7`
Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago, computed h}anTFKP
tomography or computed medical imagery, has become fairly widely used. Its rapid a'_MhJ zs
acceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks of ?l\gh1{C
conventional X-ray technology. p:[`%<j0
To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all of *O(/UVuD\
the information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at different depths c:h.J4mv
aresuper imposed, causing confusion to the viewer. Computed tomography can give c{m
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three-dimensional information. The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of the 5O;a/q8"
body's interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing through lJ2|jFY9
sections of the body from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are based on z
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series of thin "'slices". 0TuOY%+
In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone and )F%wwc^r
air, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variations yv
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in tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and certain other organs fncwe ';?
max only be rendered visible through the use of radio paque dye. Since computed ,IT)zCpaBP
tomography is much more sensitive, the soft tissues of the kidneys or the liver can 8aZey_Hw;+
be seen and clearly differentiated. This technique can also accurately measure o/x5
different degrees of X-ray absorption, facilitating the study of the nature of" !ulLGmUn
tissue. 48~m=mI
A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability Io measure j?f,~Y<k
quantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through which the /v
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X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded. This is -hG 9
not a problem with computed tomography. It can accurately locate a tumor and +%Bf
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subsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment, so that in addition to its wCq)w=,
diagnostic capabilities, it can play a significant role in therapy. 9s\i(/RxW
16. Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference between 3h
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A. bone and air B. liver and pancreas -;@5Ua1uf
C. muscle and other body tissues D. heart and lungs +
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智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第25 页 /K1
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17. What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the body? =qS^Wz.
A. Two-dimensional. B. Three-dimensional. LKqog%,c
C. Animated. D. Intensified. >
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18. It can be inferred form the passage that. compared to conventional X-ray ,3@15j
techniques, computed tomography is more zW"3K
A. compact B. rapid -EkDG]my
C. economical D. informative g]iy-,e
19. what is the author's attitude toward this new technique? 5>1Y="B
A. Cautious. B. Tolerant. T24#gF~
C. Enthusiastic. D. Critical. SbPjU50
20. According to the passage, computed tomography can be used for all of the
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following EXCEPT |{/O)3
A. monitoring a patient's disease B. diagnosing disorders '9p5UC
C. locating tumors D. reconstructing damaged tissues TNFm7}=
Passage 2 li_pM!dWU_
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing MY<!\4/
as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably, linked for centuries. :7DVc&0
This notion is apparent in the origin of our word "pharmacy," which comes X_s G6Q@
from the Greek pharmakon, meaning "purification through purging." t!=~5YgKs
By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had }PIGj} F/
developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They U*R~w5W.[
used gargles inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first Q!+{MsZ
drug catalog, or p harmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown g*AD$":
Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay' tablet are !K^kKP*l
the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today. i;'X}KW
The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers Papyrus. x{`<);CQ
a scroll d a t i n g f r o m 1 9 0 0 B . C . a n d n a m e d a f t e r t h e G e rman Egyptologist
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George Ebers. reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early UVBw;V
Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and %
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carbonates (known today. As antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of &CeF^
tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl iJKm27 ">
alcohol. D)~nAkVq
The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug ?nGf
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preparation. The "'chief of the preparers of drugs" was the equivalent of PN^1
a head pharmacist, who supervised the "'collectors of drugs." field workers, .'2gJ"?,
who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The "'preparers" aides" (technicians) I^\
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智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第26 页 m6Cd^'J9^
dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain `:BQ&T%UQR
formulas by' the "'preparers." 6k=Wt7C
And the "conservator of drugs" oversaw the storehouse where local and er7/BE&
imported mineral, herb, and animal-organ ingredients were kept. tG^ ?fc
By the seventh century B.C.. the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated q>.t~
mind-body view of medicine. They- believed that a physician must pursue the HYYx*CJ)
diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific |`;1p@w"
framework, as well as cure the supernatural components involved. Thus, the 7
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early, Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health, !#4HGjPI
even if the suspected "mental" causes of disease were not recognized as stress {f-/,g~
and depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities. SU}oKii
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The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century, ushered @P
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in by' the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how 2gR_1*|
chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would I;.E}k
eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine. :!YJ3:\
Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries "would pass OO+#KyU
before superstition was displaced by' scientific fact. One major reason was that .,K?\WZ
physicians. unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens ..such as |afK"N
bacteria and viruses, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils .And' / z?7ic0
though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating o^"3C1j
disease was still based largely on trial and error. rxI&;F#
Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this ${6
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trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human QV7c9)<]'}
biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of glX2L~
the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental XaS_3d
finds. -R
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21. The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the first $M<