过去分词与形容词的语义差: !L(^(;$Kgr
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things pBHRa?Y5
the destructive power of modern weapons d{?LD?,)
Damaged: being in a bad state pi(m7Ci"
emotionally damaged children ^#pEPVkY
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements }bxs]?OW>
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. <'u'#E@"sl
Respectful: feeling or showing respect $Sq:q0
They listened in respectful silence. `Di{}/2
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. 7CysfBF0g
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. ES[G
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. itz,mrP
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. dysS9a,
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5P2K5,o|n~
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. cAw/I@jG
Lovable: a sweet lovable child [^iN}Lz
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 203s^K61
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. 5xiEPh
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds !
nx{
X
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. xT8?&Bx
虚拟语气 7V>M]
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ?,/ }`3Vw
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 &{:-]g\
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 vN $s|R'@
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) lE;!TQj:X
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 9r9NxKuAO
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 /
{%%"j
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 4H/OBR
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) [g,}gyeS(
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) z:O8Ls^\T
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 )oZ dj`
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. *p d@.|^)m
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 Gj*9~*xm(
(1)不定式作表语 2oW"'43
X
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 ~&O%N
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
?2a $*(
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 =Qq+4F)MD
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 hZ3bVi)L\
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 #$vEGY}1
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。 <3iMRe
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
)jj0^f1!j
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 )0MB9RMk1
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. $kgVa^
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. !k%#R4*>
(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。 t)
+310w
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 N [@?gFtT
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 b-y
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。 Ymgw-NJ;(
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 2:R+tn(F
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. |%wX*zaf
(3)分词作表语 GfG|&VNlz
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有: #g=XUZ/"
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 |o@%dH
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 "L1Zi.)
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 ':W[ A
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 P4?glh q#
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 BHw, 4#F1;
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 F
/Pep?'
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 1}37Q&2
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 6RM/GM
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 X.V~SeS
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 -hV*EPQ/
Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
Ah<+y\C
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。 K#xvu1U
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。 :
jx4{V
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。 iUwzs&frd
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 w*!aZ,P
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: !
+ njS
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 e%6QTg5#
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 H1T.(M/"
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 CJ%I51F`X
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 x :7IIvP
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算 8] ikygt"
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏 ?}7p"3j'z
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 or]IZ2^n
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 GF
WA>5n'
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 -![|}pX
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 %bfZn9_m
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 }`"6aM
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 <,(,jU)j
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划
FC*[*
bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 ipI
LG4
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 "\=U)CJ
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 TPY}C
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 2
FFD%O05
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 3,=6@U
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 frQ{iUx
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 ;GI&lpKK
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 j5ve2LiFV%
contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 ]7mt[2Cd