过去分词与形容词的语义差： & xB*Shp,B
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things D'u7"^=
the destructive power of modern weapons #<==7X#
Damaged: being in a bad state {H(l"KuL
emotionally damaged children B<L7`xL
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements ~n@rX=Y)]0
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. smfI+Z S "
Respectful: feeling or showing respect 8#JX#<HEo
They listened in respectful silence. 9s_^?q
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. @Q,Q"c2
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. ~I W{^u
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. g(tVghHxt$
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 5b/ ~]v
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. UJh ; Hp:
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 3 e'6A ^#
Lovable: a sweet lovable child Jn=;gtD- *
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 11"r FZ
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. Ws|`E `6O
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 6Ot~Q
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. aR6F%7gvz
虚拟语气 v]{UH {6
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 8 5E T$YV
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 f%.Ngf9
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 4zS0kk;+
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) 9x@|%4Zm"
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) l[:Aq&[o3
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 hm73Zy
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 i:aW
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Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) B
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) <$e|'}>A
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ecs 0iW-,
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 1X5g(B
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 GKo&?Tj)
(1)不定式作表语 #{|cSaX<
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 '+_>PBOc
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 At:8+S<?A
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 <r: AJ;
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 G~<UP(G
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 * $f`ouJl
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 2.z-&lFBZ
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 `?Q
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His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 RN(I}]] a
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. .^{%hc*w4
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． hNN[dj R
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 DSz[,AaR]
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 tsc `u>
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 d{4;
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(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 2;
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People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. Z#d#n!Lz
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． r+FEgSDa]
(3)分词作表语 #; ?3k uq(
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： E7A!,A&>
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 {Uw
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exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 "O jAhKfG
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 X@`a_XAfd
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 Q|AZv>'!
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 W r/-{Wt
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 |Ghk8
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puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 h+g\tYWGP
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 o & q>[c
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 p)IL(_X)
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 _B^zm-}8|B
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 .h
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The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 jn2=)KBa_
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 qE~_}4\Z9
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 3 xChik{
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 g
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英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： T`EV
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 Rg?6e N
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 sAkr-x?+M
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 ,S-h~x
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 W'[V$*
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 bKo %Ak,
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 1^\w7Rew 2
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 s*izhjjX
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 R?xb1yc7_
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 }|P3(* S
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 _Iy\,<
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 ~e{ @ 5.g
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 Zwmuc
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beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 %**f`L%jN
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 ]b4WfIu
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 ( eN7s_
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 {7NGfzwp;6
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 $83B10OQ&L
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 8|a./%gixs
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 F-yY(b]$
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 I.< c{4K5
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 JB_fS/I
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 a{5SOe;;
