过去分词与形容词的语义差： ' c]Pm,Ls
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things PsS.lhj0"
the destructive power of modern weapons W&[-QM8
Damaged: being in a bad state :QHh;TIG=<
emotionally damaged children x^ cJ~e2
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements Z Y5
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He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. <^W5UU#Pg
Respectful: feeling or showing respect T{N8 K K
They listened in respectful silence. Df]*S
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. E}#&2n8Y
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. xJFcW+
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. :o~ ]d
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. K!2%8Ej,J
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. myd:"u,}9
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. (B?Z UXM,
Lovable: a sweet lovable child hx4c `fOs
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. LW9F%?e!>
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. g; 7u-nP
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds R+=wSG ]
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. yb0Mn*X+
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虚拟语气 SO<9
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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 SDk^fT V8x
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 9oG )\M.6w
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 %u2",eHCB
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) $s 'n]]Wq
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) C 5e;U
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 A5_r(Z-5
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 .Sv/0&O
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Dz8aJ6g
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) Q-1 Xgw!
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 _N0N #L4M
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. <|w(Sn
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 1y,/|
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(1)不定式作表语 EG3u)}vI
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 Q\btl/?
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 ,R-aO= %
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 iJCv+p_f
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 2^f7GP
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 < Pi#-r.,
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 0s RcA -9
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 J93xxj
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 r\)bN4-g
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. 9}H]4"f7
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． Q X-n l~
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 pbw{EzM
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 {<?8Y
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 'S:$4j
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 xErb11
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 'g3T'2"`5
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． 1I)oT -~
(3)分词作表语 ,i8%qm8
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： 6 Rmdf>
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interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
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exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 UM<s#t`\ 3
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 p<,`l)o}~
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 q alrG2
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 \O\q1
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 z,4 D' F&
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 S4' <kF0z
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 5$+ssR_?k
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 0/9]T Ic
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 T[#q0bv
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 _A] )q
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 z^z`{B
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 ${e V3LSC
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 \4^rb?B
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 py+\e" s
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： Kf*Dy:e
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 l;L_A@B<
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 {]Hv*{ ]
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 RjVmHhX
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 3 yy5 l!fv
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 B4wRwrVI>
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 / of K 7/
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 @NqwJ .%g
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 K +3=gBU*w
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 4=MjyH|[Jx
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 8/BM FR
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swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 XclTyUGoK+
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 RZ xw r
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 T9H*]LxK
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 >M YDwH
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 e)g &q'O
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 %&|
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choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 G9 O6Fi
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 f$ xp74hw3
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 4n@lrcq(
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 *_o(~5w-K
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 v# d\YV{I
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 ]f0'YLG
