过去分词与形容词的语义差： ashar&'
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things #xT!E:W '
the destructive power of modern weapons h@1!T
Damaged: being in a bad state =Op+v "
emotionally damaged children I ~$1Lu`~
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements |"]PCb)!
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Vn|1v4U!
Respectful: feeling or showing respect Vrkf(E3_V
They listened in respectful silence.
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3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. k'3Wt*i
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. L'Q<>{;Ig
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. "r'ozf2 \
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. OW@\./nM
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.
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5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. j/!H$0PN
Lovable: a sweet lovable child ;zH
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Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. `{ Tk@A_yd
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. > BVoHt~;
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds jZ*WN|FK?
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. u bW]- U=T
虚拟语气 W!L+(!&H
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 g(E"4M@t!
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 m#7*:i&@Y
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 8|^CK|m6*
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) Af(W V>'
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) K9Hqq7"%
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 yd_
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不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 w3T ]H _V
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) K }$&:nao
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) U9hS<}<Ki
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 p
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It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 4,p;Km&
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 {R6HG{"IS6
(1)不定式作表语 muON> ^MbC
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 ]; $] G-
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 ay
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 }iB|sl2J
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 8hanzwoJ:
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 `{v?6:G:Q
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 8jlLUG:g
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 @C_KV0i
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 I^\&y(LJF
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. Hh;:`;}
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． 7r # ymQ
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 DL^o_6 1
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 He GY u?&
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 h B;VCg8
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 t&q N:
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People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. #S
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His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． . 5y"38e
(3)分词作表语 y
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分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： X!hIwi A,t
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 VZka}
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exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 8LkP)]4^sO
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 WUc#)EEM)
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 Yj| eji7y
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 AI vXb\wL
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 6DT TV66
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 g:l.MJT
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 J q.lT(E8D
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 &.13d q
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 j1 q [2'
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 ]Y>h3T~
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 -ezY= 0Q&
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 WF&[HKOy/
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 BcjP+$k4_
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 8b.u 'r174
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： Jf)bHjC_V
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 yq-=],h
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 /M~!sPW&?
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 'TC/vnM
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 /v|"0
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 LH 3}d<{
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 3nZ9m
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 W!blAkM%i
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 PjT=$ ]
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 v8gdU7Ll,
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 "vCM}F
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 4H5pr
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 do-ahl,
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 ,:fl?x.X
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 w;}@'GgL
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 b `2|I {
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 EV #MQM
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 I EjP<pLe
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 6iE hsL&K
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 I1X /Lj=
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 &1l=X]%
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 {e|*01hE
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 o-xDh7v
