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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳
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一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 a:}&v^v
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!a<}Mpeg sUEvL( %nY pXBlTZf v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 "F fIq; v 时间状语从句当中的时态： 6l|,J
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CLT 一般过去时 所有的过去 4(O;lVT} 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 1`z^Xk8vt 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 rW<sQ0 一．非谓语动词 uBXl ltU
一．不定式： t3b64J[A{
y %4G[Dz 一）不定式的常考形式： 5Dv ;-G;
{ :m%n- 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. qJ8@A}}8 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. Fs|aH-9\ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 SC 6cFyp2
ck"lX[d1 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. X;D"}X4(E 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. L
dyTB@ 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 !J@!P?0. C
vsU1Lzna6@ 二）不定式常考的考点： gBZ1We u-'
Ous_269cM 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 M] JD(
?-g/hXx; 2）不定式做状语----目的 Hve' Z,X
q\f Z Q 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. yS)73s/MrY
">LX>uYmX- 三)不定式的省略 .7"]/9o B
1dg y-$H~ 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel ;Uxr+, x~
yK #9)W- + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； (6*CORE
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 ,iQRf@#W_b I saw him work in the garden yesterday. e{<r<]/j
{xGM_vH1 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) v9t26>{~ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. rrSs Q q 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） ^=lh|C\# v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. Tf bB1 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to :E>" z6H
s? irT;= I ‘d like to have John do it. #9 a\Ab
*x;&fyR I have my package weighed. !FqJP
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K9*vWoP ' Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. i`Tp +e@a>
K>tubLYh 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do r ^m8kYezQ
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.E 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： / mM# nS
d=q& % gqN want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do R8*z}xy{ force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do E=-ed9({: be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do xn fMx$fD AO R{Xm 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 s?:&#
/{[Y l[{"< accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. _5nS!CN 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 Q=,6W:j
Vw^2TRU He needs (a lot of) encouraging. ~6)
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H8) 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词
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z^ai * 1)是名词 seeing is believing pdz_qj!Z 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. p>g5WebB
N 一)动名词的形式: _V jfH2Y
0bR)]"K 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. %`M IGi# 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. ,EE,W0/zzM 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. EO_:C9=d{ 二) 动名词常考的点 QgR3kc^7/
lBpy0lo# 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 xF#'+Y
XTibx;yd< 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 yobcAV`
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9(rI<' 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. ,w9:) B7
s U|\? pJ I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 5~pQ$- A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） pL&
Zcpx I regret not having taken your advice. 1? oX" 4)有些词后只能接动名词 K&\
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NrV E[Z# admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... At0ahy+ 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： 9GV1@'<Y] it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... j_ \?ampF kL7n`o ]UMt 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 9i=HZ\s3
WLy%| {/ remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 mRNA
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]U,c`?[7# I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) -PG81F&K
pef)c,U$ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) O-=~
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)Z" forgot与remember的用法类似。 oOAn 5t@ I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… 4#D<#!]^
+wHrS}I#g I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 *6` };ASK try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. moOc
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"8-;Dq' + try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. Cd 7imj
'Zket=Sm; I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 &Rp/y%9 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 WSKub n?7B prefer的用法： [Nw%fuB 我宁愿在这里等。 6SqS\ 8 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） '
O+)[D I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） ^aONuG9 I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） |nMg.t`8 QB"Tlw(
e a3f `z 3 分词： )s~szmJoVD
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 q(9S4F
现在分词的形式: f
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1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) ,vh $G 7D
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) Pea2ENe3
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) uz
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过去分词 8 t5o&8v
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. *mjPNp'3{m
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) kc7,F2=F
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 &`%J 1[dy
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