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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 1 Wb_>`;
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 HB9|AQ4K
a1g aB:w5n 2．被动形式 ]B3f$
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3@ v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 c]68$;Z7 v 时间状语从句当中的时态： "P a y2 11?d,6Jl =[LUOOR*] 一般过去时 所有的过去 4(&sw<k 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 !OV+=Rwdx 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 -+y3~^EYm, 一．非谓语动词 zKfY0A R
一．不定式： Wo{4*~f
z[W dJN{ 一）不定式的常考形式： B7( bNr
H1r8n$h 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. b}!
T!IP} 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. `]F#j ]" 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 <=]:ED $V@
95sK ;`rE+ 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. (BGflb 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. oZ> 2Tt% 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 a xz-H`oq4
#6@4c5{2=4 二）不定式常考的考点： ^00C"58A
vngn^2 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 w%$J<Z^-?
$Y[ C A.F 2）不定式做状语----目的 H3 +P;2 {
P52qt N< 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. VjJ}q*/3e
oj[<{/,C9 三)不定式的省略 {J-Ojw|Y b
a1z*Z/!5 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel /L=Y8tDt
@ b{$s + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； @4Lol2 + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 g/gaPc*86 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. B1TWOl?d{
] {18-= 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) Jhv T+"~ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. c]NZG n* 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） xn anca
v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. !ezy
v` 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to KgXu x-q
2:&L|; I ‘d like to have John do it. rW+}3] !D/
`:W }yo<F I have my package weighed. :(;ho.zz
3g5D[>J' Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. FY
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" : V@AT 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do IGo+O*dMw
5 Q ,j+ 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： ;#=
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OV`li#H want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do BOv ^L?)*Z force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do UQjYWXvi be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do S2EV[K8 # 3e1%G#fu 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 /!U( /
O;.DQ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. M-(,*6Q 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 f;!L\$yKy
eF?jNO3 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. G<Urj+3/Xo O~Svk'.)
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P. 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 *r
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m?=J;r"Re 1)是名词 seeing is believing qA t#0 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. K{XE|g 一)动名词的形式: oo1h"[
'tt4"z2 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. A(z
m 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. Wr 8}=\/ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. ]2_=(N\Kt 二) 动名词常考的点 z }V
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CDT;AdR w7 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 [buLo*C4:
fFXnD 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 }/jWa |)f
z~/e \ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. "O_)~u
xEufbFAN? I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． <:!:7 A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） ADA} _|O I regret not having taken your advice. #!P>." . 4)有些词后只能接动名词 Ged } qXn
bd2QQ1[1vh admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... >uFFTik 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： /)sP<WPQ 6 it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... r x@2Dmt6
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wK HrUE?Sq 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 `chD*@76I
I/u>Gt remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 c sV3mzP
z6|kEc"{ I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) CtZOIx.;|
v`U;.W I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) gw$ ?&[wY
\uZ1Sl forgot与remember的用法类似。 u"8KH
u5C@ I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… MjbgAH-
'=J|IN7WT I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 # k,.xMJ~ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. Z:diM$Z? 7
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@. try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. *;Z a))
O\h%ZLjfO I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 8!MVDp[|" To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 gU YTVp Vf prefer的用法： V(Cxd.u 我宁愿在这里等。 o\fPZ`p-m~ I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） 3N4kW[J2i I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） y( UWh4?t I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） 4\j1+&W
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W,:j >v g 3 分词： r4fd@<=g
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 @c
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现在分词的形式: Y oZd,} i
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) -s ^cy+jd
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) #A:^XAU1Z@
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) }4Q3S1|U
过去分词 @KJmNM1]V
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. s !I I}'Je
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) F*Ul#yX
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 SCjVzvG$yg
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