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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 lk 1c 2
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 G5kM0vs6L
cx1U6 A+ 2．被动形式 Jj fNH
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w_KGn17 2<ef&?ljk 1 _5[5K^ v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 hZ2PP ^ v 时间状语从句当中的时态： ^jf$V #z0/ Y] P}7GZ ec=4L @V* 一般过去时 所有的过去 ]"/ *7NM 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 Q=^ }B}G 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 M\`6H8aLn 一．非谓语动词 ,ypx
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一．不定式： ARQ1H0_B
1d\K{ 7i# 一）不定式的常考形式： jDXmre?
+S/8{2%?DG 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. "K\ Rq+si 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. xHD!8 B) 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 A) `M*(~
vm4]KEyrX 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. ?nt6vqaV 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (qPZEZKx 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 $7BD~U
\H" (*["& 二）不定式常考的考点： u"|.]r
niA{L:4 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 ,9A[o`b
?^"S%Vb 2）不定式做状语----目的 P AKh v.7
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E\IqwM 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. *{ -XN
nZ%< 2 三)不定式的省略 fq F1 - %
eA+6-'qN 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel T
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"arbUX~d + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； yXEC@#?| + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 = j}00,WH I saw him work in the garden yesterday. T
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Ybok [5 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) G4=v2_] I saw him working in the garden yesterday. @|cas|U.r 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） YHAy+S v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. F-ijGGL# 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to .IYE
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QzV:^!0J I ‘d like to have John do it. 7pGlbdS
-Ol/r=/& I have my package weighed. IRcZyry
.IG(Y!cB Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. ?5
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^c-1w V` / 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do #|gt(p]C
yTmoEy. q 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： /r]IY.
N ]5-# want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do % +eZ U)N force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do 4wK!)P wq be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 'KXvn0 *xt3mv/< z 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 ) TV'eq
\5O4}sm$* accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. wLNO\JP' 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 Q;`#ujxL
!R4`ihi1 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. uZg Kex;c :uqsRFo&4
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二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 dRt]9gIsx
YB~}!F [( 1)是名词 seeing is believing \~U8<z 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. gNN{WFHQX: 一)动名词的形式: p]IF=~b
|WlWZ8] 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. kcI3pmgj 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. X8 p-VCkV 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. tec CU[O 二) 动名词常考的点 r#3(;N{=
# (T 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 Pf-k"7y
-AJe\ J 2 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 K`768 %q
"\)j=MI8u+ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. @9-z8P yF
>2,x#RQs I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． zT*EpIa+LS A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） (%YFcE)SRS I regret not having taken your advice. ab:
yH ') 4)有些词后只能接动名词 nYLq%7}k
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!v admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... ?ep93:j 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： F /IXqj it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 2X!O ' n GZZCsf < #ih(I7prH 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 #;#
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T1 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 ,|<2wn#q
y O; r]`j0 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) vT#zc
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g[! t@K I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) <,$(,RX
Mk Er|w' forgot与remember的用法类似。 y1G Vn o I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… oi^2Pvauh
i<@6f'Kir I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 PGF=q|j9K try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. ^I*</w 8
$1y 8gm try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. B"rnSui
D~E1hr&Vd> I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 7=(r k To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 CZe0kH^ :{ prefer的用法： bi;?)7p&ZY 我宁愿在这里等。 2oyTS*2u_& I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） >77N5 >]e I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） B8 ;jR Y I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） M0zJGIT~b ufyqfI
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#RT} -H 3 分词： (hWr!(>C4]
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 o=@ 0Bd8
现在分词的形式: qK NX^n ;
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) *y<Ru:D
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) 8|*#r[x
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) z(V?pHv+
过去分词 tl9=u-D13@
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. H EdOo~/~
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) 9 f$S4O5
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 &U q++f6
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