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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 Fl{~#]
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 2bw.mp &v1
V$Oj@vI 2．被动形式 Gs04)KJm<
/~+Fzz |F q\%y# IZd~Am3f v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 FEV Ya#S v 时间状语从句当中的时态： lg^Lk\Y+re -KqMSf&9 FIQHs"#T 一般过去时 所有的过去 _m%Ab3iT~ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 d%p{
l)Hd 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 i&)OJy 一．非谓语动词 1ZvXRJ)%
一．不定式： T[J 8zL O
0rAuK 7 一）不定式的常考形式： $bZ5@)E
}|znQ3A2\l 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. iU# "G" & 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. @CC
6 ` D 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 }rWg ']
t^~itlE{ 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. g}*p(Tp9: 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. ?H8dyQ5" 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 *nV"X0&
bP uO~#iN~ 二）不定式常考的考点： `SS[[FT$>
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shqo 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 | j cIn[)=
QEF$Jx 2）不定式做状语----目的 _k(&<1i
*mW 2vJ/B 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. x,GLGGi}_x
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t 三)不定式的省略 g q} c
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.?c 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel JX#0<U|L
cPg{k}9Tvy + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； BUyKiMW 49 + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 9H+Q/Q*-a I saw him work in the garden yesterday. X-psao0tI`
6Q]JY,+ 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) WDt 6{5T I saw him working in the garden yesterday. Epm8S}6K 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） |ZOdfr4uW v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. z A/Fh(uX 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to MXDUKh7v3
r^ABu_u(`I I ‘d like to have John do it. Sar1NkD#
.-Dc%ap] I have my package weighed. NB-%Tp*d
>oC{YYcK Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. #G=AD
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3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do )RQ QhB
[. &n,.k 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： [\ &2&
c6SX z%'k want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do Q 2F20b force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do s-~`Ao'
< be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do RF~G{wz 6{yn;D4 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 q$Ms 7 ` a
U]g9t<jD accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. N 7YCg 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 [8%q@6[
0Gu?;]GSv He needs (a lot of) encouraging. NQqNBI?cr M }q;\}
($W%&(:/ 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 MH 0wpHz
$xcZ{C 1)是名词 seeing is believing u7j,Vc' ~ 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. /XU=l0 u 一)动名词的形式: 7PBE( d%m
.?L Rt 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. o2q-x2uB 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. IM5[O}aq 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. oXN(S:ZF 二) 动名词常考的点 <K,X5ctM}
?<Lm58p8 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 k 8%@PC$
(U_HX2f 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 P ?n k>
1LAd5X 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. %r*,m3d
oe0YxSauL I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． }^ j8< A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） 96J]g*o(uU I regret not having taken your advice. c\ &;Xr 4)有些词后只能接动名词 Q
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, eC&X45 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... p
. P#S 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： /e*fsQ>M: it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... K2e *AE* !
Vlx C=v+e%)x@ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 mH4u@aQ}
X( rXRP# remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 TW70z]B
DuD t' ^] I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) ^;.u }W
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.LR-Z I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) ~K 99DK.
H$ g* forgot与remember的用法类似。 v+`'%E I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… z,7;+6*= L
(Z[c7 I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 ?!/8~'xA6 try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. &=$f\O1Ty
A9u>bWIE7 try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. |G$-5
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jw { B8<@s I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 d;wq@ e To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 e*PUs prefer的用法： VwZ~ntk 我宁愿在这里等。 gO "G/ I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） G/ ~gF7 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） Ak('4j!*}^ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） ?eX/vqk As,e.V5!
rxyeix 3 分词： HiU) q
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 3o?eUwI}
现在分词的形式: HF_86 61 g
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) PsXCpyY!s
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) {"{]S12 N
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 3Wv^{|^
过去分词 Hv^Bw{"/R
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. ,zHL8SiTX
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) ckY#oRQ1
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 bEQ- ? X%7
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