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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 k_7m[o
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 Kv|
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[7vV#s3kJ 2．被动形式 q94;x |63
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,=m v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 _WZx].|A= v 时间状语从句当中的时态： L A Crg x {NBhq(4 =
2 HY]H 一般过去时 所有的过去 _mqU:?Q5 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 oLoc jj~T 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 tNY;wl:wp 一．非谓语动词 Y(Qb )>K
一．不定式： ` Q*`\-8J
-9dZT 一）不定式的常考形式： Xe);LhDC
d_,My lk 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. @}q, ';H7 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. *O$|,EsY 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 5ngs1ZF@
={B C0, 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. zbFy3-R P 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. xo@1((|z
语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 +<\LY(o
C|]c#X2t3 二）不定式常考的考点： :P-H8*n""
&0T.o,&y 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 /kGWd9ujF
% f;v$rsZ 2）不定式做状语----目的 \IQG%L{
"w"a0nv 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. XgxO:"B
Py*WHHO 三)不定式的省略 QuS=^,]
;jgf,fbM 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel 4Y? fbb<
~;oXLCL0}) + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； !
#Pn_e + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 <Ch9"1f3, I saw him work in the garden yesterday. }h1BAKg
LHtO|Utn( 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) D<v<
: I saw him working in the garden yesterday. &7'=t 6 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） -$!r+4|q v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. t5 >ma:^j 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to Pac ^=|h<q
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%#-y I ‘d like to have John do it. 6Zpa[,g m
PoZ$3V$(Lz I have my package weighed. G!`%.tH
\@PMj"p|: Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. hg12NzbK
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0K]/tn< 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do #U 0| j?!D
)T '?"guh` 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： jA8Bmwt;w
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=i want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do k4&adX@
Y force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do ,ng/T**@G be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 6&+dpr&c~= s
j-oaWt 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 3q'nO-KJ
L m$K R!z accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. Up-^km 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 % A
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CWZv />,% He needs (a lot of) encouraging. [)}
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O|m-[] 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 Q_/UC#I 8
X$%[%q8qg 1)是名词 seeing is believing 1OY
5tq 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. *W=1 yPP 一)动名词的形式: fZs}u<3Q)
?/3{gOgI$` 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. H(?+-72K X 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. !K.)Qr9 V 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. R74RJi& 二) 动名词常考的点 *ax&}AHK[/
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1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 2e,cE6r
G #$r)S 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 x;JC{d#
Kr<a6BEv5 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. |Ntretz`\
gf;B&MM6 I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． I Yr 4 A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） uMFV^&ZF I regret not having taken your advice. /jc;
2 4)有些词后只能接动名词 R,h wn2@B
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LVz "= admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 3 lKBwjW 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： )P W Zc?M it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... mnYzn[d3U H"JzTo8u (Ixmg=C6y 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 `g'9)Xf4KT
p ^I#9(PT remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 Cm6%wAzC
" V4ru&a I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) $=!_ !tr
/n9,XD&) I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) .Nd_p{
T;Ra/H forgot与remember的用法类似。 =.q8*7UY I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… fXx !_Z
pTcN8E&Unz I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 =@ed {~ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. tc<HA7vpt~
K1|xatx1V try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. `yua?n
R` >z>!) I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 II}3w#r4 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 @O&; %IZMY prefer的用法： N ._&\fHY 我宁愿在这里等。 wb ( quu I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） !Im{-t I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） W"H*Ad(V I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） uY$BZEuAZ ^ yVKW5x
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u 3 分词： KIHr%
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 >_LZD4v! <
现在分词的形式: m\ (crkN
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) g/e2t=qP
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) )2y#
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) Ld:U~M-
过去分词 Zdll}nO"E
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. ;*409 P
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) N3QDPQ
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 5Uha,Q9SA
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