级别: 初级博友
 
UID: 89031
精华:
0
发帖: 4
流量: 3 M
威望: 14 分
介绍博友: 0 个
人民币: 0 元
好评度: 0 点
注册时间: 2011-03-04
最后登录: 2011-03-05
|
 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 @ o L<Ioh
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 z tS'Dp}q<
xcYYo'U 2．被动形式 \sF}NBNT@
'UT 4x9&z `\q4z-<- h}z ^NX v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 cpFw]w%] v 时间状语从句当中的时态： RX =C)q2c nrwb6w
j e@Z(z^V 一般过去时 所有的过去 `8xe2=Ub 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 6g@j,iFy 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 Qgo0uu M 一．非谓语动词 c(ZkK
一．不定式： WSi Utf|g
ZaH<\`=% 一）不定式的常考形式： a`q">T% q
lsY5QE:Qrp 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. d@7
]=P : 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. s7(mNpo 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 #
T$^{/J
%:N5k +} 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. V. =! ^0'A 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. &P&M6v+ 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ~>k<I:BtrT
A%k@75V@ 二）不定式常考的考点： pu0I hDMn
i`FevAx;[m 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 fp.,MIS
Q\<C9%a 2）不定式做状语----目的 c] $X+
|
b QKymS 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 7!]$XGz
[
\v)Dy)Vhg2 三)不定式的省略 Z[)t34EY"
~-.}]N+([ 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel g"EvMv&
9s>q
4_ D + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； f-F+Y`P + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 Ur6UE 2 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. ^HgQ"dD
<
f=+|e"i #p 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 4/;hA
z
I saw him working in the garden yesterday. NoTEbFrV 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） [CL .X il= v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. V(I!HT5.W 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to }TY}s r
*1"xvle I ‘d like to have John do it. #?\$*@O
tS!Fn Qg4 I have my package weighed. U_i% @ {
Cuu yG8 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 5b> -t#N,
C))5,aX 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do , I6jfXI4
.1n=&d| 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： w0qrh\3du
I@Cq< :+(3 want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do p]h;M force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do Lzmdy0!' be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do ?*DM|hzOi O2i7w1t 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 ]oT8H?%*Y
[|iWLPO1&k accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. a ?D]]0% 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 &T.d"i
M3XG s |gw He needs (a lot of) encouraging. -e_91W I f^JiaU4 [
LZ#=Ks 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 (vX)
<Z
!
oW}nr<G{< 1)是名词 seeing is believing [^Z)f <l 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. #|PPkg%v< 一)动名词的形式: *wk?{ U
45.<eWH$*( 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 18^#:=Z 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. v)p'0F#6 A 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. &Fiesi!tET 二) 动名词常考的点 OV
G|WC
zq6)jH fq. 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 vjL +fH<0:
lw]uH<v 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 I4 |LD/b
o %b6"_~%3 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. $`A{-0=x\U
7|HIl= I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． yV~TfTJ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） 3PjX;U| I regret not having taken your advice. ~.tl7wKkR/ 4)有些词后只能接动名词 y6dQ4Whv&
0ij YE admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... soRY M 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： uHsLlfTn it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... nC%<BatQ 4ClSl
#X#i p+pu_T;~ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 0 h~{ K
M&jlUr&l remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 g[R4/]K^$
F [Lg,} I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) 33 S CHQ
2cO6' ?b I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) ' )}itS8
E] v]fy" forgot与remember的用法类似。 7 3 4t I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… ) "?eug}D
@( \R@`# I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 (t\U5-
w try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. > gs_Bzy]
Z wz co try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. a'`?kBK7`U
_R b2jq(&0 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 p!~1~q6 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 }JWkV1 prefer的用法： 1<fW .Q) 我宁愿在这里等。 -)B_o#2= 2 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） \@
yJbhk I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） 9gdK&/ulR I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） s*_fRf: ^iBIp#
TTFs|T6`q 3 分词： P $0c{B4I
i7 21(1
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 Z~QLjv&$/r
现在分词的形式: x~R,rb
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) d@1^U9sf
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) 4oH ,_sr
*Cf!p\7 !
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) dr}
PjwW%
过去分词 ;*t#:U*
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. T}=^D=
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) A]5 ];c
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 1=z[U|&R
|
