中国海洋大学2005年考博英语真题 "}Kvx{L8
PARTⅠ Cloze (15) )tR5JK} AV
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Blacken the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen on your Answer Sheet. @?iLz7SPk
At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As <h|XB}s+
a result, cultural scripts about marriage have Undergone change. One of the more obvious 1 t+Kxww
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has occurred in the roles that women 2 Women have moved into the world of work and have Af1izS3
become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 3 maintaining their family roles .of O-Hu:KuIf
nurturing and creating a (n) 4 that is a haven for all family members. 5 many women r|4jR6%<'m
experience strain from trying to "do it all," they often enjoy .the increased 6 that can result j)ZvlRi,
from playing multiple roles. As women's roles have changed, changing expectations about ,!t1( H
men's roles have become more 7 . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 8 J9S9rir&
the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is in the :khl}|
emotional 9 of family life. Men are increasingly 10 to meet the emotional needs of their :0IxnK(r&
families, 11 their wives. zy`4]w$Lj+
In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Researeh on 12 marriage has changed over recent aecades points to the increasing, importance of the emotional side of-the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the e emotion work" 13 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 14 both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men's and women's roles are becoming increasingly more 15 . "Pi\I9M3
1. A. incidents B. changes C. results D. effects jC+>^=J(
2. A. take B. do C. play D. show ~K% ]9
3. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus 9+@"DuYc6
4. A. home B. garden C. arena D. paradise @QI]P{
5. A. When B: Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless !+Z"7e
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6. A. rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes |t CD@M
7. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent MuB8gSu
8. A. as B. of C. from D. for hj64ES#x
9. A. section B constituent: C. domain D. point {:m5<6?x)
10. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted G~_5E]8
11. A. not to mention B. as well as z"o;|T:
Cincluding D. especially . |57KTiiNLI
12. A. how B. what C. why D. if (y|{^@
13 A. but B. only. C. enough D. necessary zf$&+E-
14. A. unless B. although C. where D. because d='z^vHK
15. A. pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable BL0WI9
PART Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30) ,{ CgOz+Ul
Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. I9*o[Jp5
Passage 1 8~RUYsg
The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The fast lighthouse was put tip by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid forand maintained by "light dues" levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonic. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses. d=WC1"
The first eight erected on the West Coast in the 1850's featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though., lighthouses reflected a Variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were built.on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others "of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts: some were fastened to rock with iron rods. "Farther south, from Marylandthreugh the Florida Keys, thecoast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there -- massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras. North Carolina. lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country. 6nt$o)[
NOt withstanding differences in appearance and construction, mostAmerican lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters, and sometimes a bell ( or, later; a foghorn). They also had something else in common: a keeper and, usually, the keeper's family. The keeper's essential task was trimming the lantern (freekaobo.com)wick in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life --- they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands -- and appoint ments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of. the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional. L`FsK64@
16 What is the best tide for the passage? -aG( Yx
A. The Lighthouse on Little Brewster Island hor ok:{
B: The Life of a Lighthouse Keeper hJ4==ILx
C.Early Lighthouses .in the United States %_u*5,w
D. The Modem Profession of Lighthouse-Keeping U@yrqT@;AU
17. Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony? I'"*#QOX
A. It was. the headquarters of the Untied States Lighthouse Board. G39H@@ *O0
B. Many of the tauest.lighthouses were built there.
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C. The first lantern wicks were developed there. mhJ>5z
D. The first lighthouse in North America was built there. #@BM1BpQ
18. It can be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need high towers because . :d/Z&LXD
A. ship there had high masts GW'=/
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B. coastal waters were safe V)R-w`
C. the coast was straight and unobstructed H:U1#bQQ:
D. the lighthouse were built on high places M<7<L
19. According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States be found? x)G/YUv76
A, Little Brewster Island Bd
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B. The Florida Keys *-Lnsi^7v
C. Cape Hatteras i3: sV 5
D. Cape cod .)|jBC8|}
20. In the second sentence of paragraph 3 , which of the following does the word "They" refer to? ~FZLA}
A. Lighthouses =%Ut&6}sQ
B.Differences $f1L<euH
C. Quarters g%j z,|
D. Features }
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Passage 2 K!|=)G3.`
Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological dock b_V)]>v+
tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to Aplqxvth
leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It H=X>o.iVqi
controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams.these natural daily ~l6e&J
events are circadian rhythms.
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Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of q>Px
Circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer. Jean-Jacques >z^T~@m7l
d'Ortous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every 'U1r}.+b>
morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept z@~1
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it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms .in humans. 2d.I3z:[
They learned that man's biological clock actually keeps time with-a day of-a litde less than 25 G#dpSNV3|
hours instead of the 24 hours On a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, bL0+v@(r
Eliot. Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in s\7|b:y&
his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their /cI]Z^&
circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for Y%=A>~s*c:
common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is S^x9 2&!
in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in JH)&Ca>S
each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or X
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television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, @
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one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area; The Ccc6 ko_
instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in xVl90ak
the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control l}O`cC
room 24 hours a day during an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not Zfb:>J@h6
permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the H}U&=w'
first four years of research, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the V 9<[v?.\
ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, (|6q
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a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to p:4vjh=1h
tare part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. x_@ev-
Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the hM8G"b
Newspaper. [ B (lJz
21. The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in -%t0'cKn,
A. the regulation of body temperature sdO;vp^:b
B. the secretion of hormones Z].>U!7W
C. animal reproduction -8pHjry'
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D. many aspects of plant and animal physiology , lO9>?y8.y
22 In his observation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained d3{Zhn@
its opening-and-closing cycles "QlCcH`g
A. even when it was kept in a murky place all day K^w9@&