医学博士英语写作总结 x)X=s X.
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一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。 UMg*Y v%
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二、现场写作技巧 I2@pkVv3z
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①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。 P1f?'i ?J
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精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 C~4$A/&(
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1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; J% ?'Q{
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2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; \W<r`t4v
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3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to;
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4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; b"+ J8W
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5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system %N!2 _uk5
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6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； lGa'Y
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7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene o=`FGowF
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8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； e Mf+b; ~R
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9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 s a%2,e'
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10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病， 'l$<DcBj
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11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease： ~Tv
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12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； > m GO08X
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13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热； h<oQ9zW)
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14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion 1!RD
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15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；
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communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; q2}<n
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communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 .IYE+XzV
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16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission jcF/5u5e
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17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation b'fj
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18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate 'j];tO6GfC
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19.福祉 well-being, happiness； +x$;
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20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile `P9vZR;
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21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 =rS z>l
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22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension & v=2u,]T
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23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health `':$PUz,g
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24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork 5B| iBS l
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25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years /kyuL]6
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26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health rixNz@p'%
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27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. l"!.aIY"e
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28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations； {$ 4fRxj
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基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle; T<~NB5&f
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29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 K~AQ) ]pJI
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30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; Ln vC{#TFO
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31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from 95>(NwST4
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The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. "CBe$b4
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How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？ QRhR.:M\
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32.归结为 boil down to；come down to； B. 6g J2c
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归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; z%(m:/N70
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归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 w_q{C>- cR
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33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak ]re1$ W#*
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34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; l4u_Z:<w
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因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; Z\D!'FX
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孤立现象an isolated phenomenon； \ " {+J
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复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate； yt}Ve6 m
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极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 4\a K C%5
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35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances； x;dyF_*;
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养老保险 endowment insurance； "MQy>mD6
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退休养老金retirement pension； \/J>I1J
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Health Care Reform医疗改革 4<[,"<G~3
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36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity； k/o"E
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37.月经期menstrual period k=!lPIx
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38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 9"hH2jc
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39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care {~q"Y]?
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40.安乐死euthanasia； Y1fcp _]m
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41.得绝症的terminally ill； 9M P_#M7
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42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care =2v/f_
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濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient 9#(Nd, m})
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43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. R(p`H}^
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