北京师范大学 2007 年博士生入学考试英语试题 8s<^]sFP
I. Listening Comprehension (15 points) ovo/!YJ2
Section A -^yXLa;D
Directions: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken N*Yy&[
only' once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the $K})Q3FNi
one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking the K]X`sH:
corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on the ANSVER SHEET with a single line through ^pj>9%
the center. ,I ZqLA
1. a.?v*U@z@#
A. He is in a drug store.
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B. He is at a department store. fmFzW*,E
C. He is at home.
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D. He is at his doctor's office. (_K_`5d;QI
2. kae2 73"
A. I missed in3' train because you stopped me. 5X0QxnnV
B. You made me forget what I was saving r?pZ72q
C. You looked so deep in thought that I didn't want to bother you. ll%G!VR
D. You told me never to interrupt you. P[FV2R~
3. /YFa
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A Sally drove back and forth to work twice today it)ZP H
B. Sally took long time to do her work. _8^0!,j
C. Sally took her lunch with her to work. F}'wH-qp
D. Sally usually gets to work in much less time. D,Lp|V
4. MU1E_"Z)
A. If you audit a course, you don't have to take the tests. -IU4#s
B. You have to take a test if you want to add another course. BxdX WO
C. Of course you need to buy some textbooks. eLV.qLBUs
D. It is not necessary to order a textbook. s]Gd-j
5. j0x5@1`6G
A. The speaker's salary is $250. >aG= T{
B. The speaker's salary is $1000. PO o%^'(
C. The speaker's salary is $1100. 2n)gpLIJ
D. The speaker's salary is $ 275. Q
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Section B )3%@9
Directions: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of N*_"8LIfi_
each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation 8eJE>g1J
and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. l^W uS|G[
During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. YJ,*(A18
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A. Clean up her room NiA4JgM]v
B. Get her report back. &94W-zh
C. Not wait for him past noon. R0wf#%97
D. Not worry about her raincoat. {DwIjy31T
7. ,Dp0fauJ
A. It was probably Mr. Brown's phone number that the woman wrote down. q]FBl}nwl%
B. it was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown. =6\LIbO
C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number. UpfZi9v?W
D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number. W5SN I>|E
8. `PlOwj@u0`
A. Someone who is in charge of hunting. ER^QV(IvP8
B. A boss of a company. n]y EdL/1
C. A job-seeking advisor. $1Z6\G O
D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for a company. cyQBqG
9. }k7'"`#?"
A. The woman is not careful at all this time. vzX
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B. No matter how careful one can be, it is not enough {(tHk_q
C. The woman is most careful this time. S3Y2O
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D. The woman has never been careful. |"]PCb)!
10. tR)H~l7q
A. Ton: stayed in a room on the second floor for an hour. FTf<c0
B. Nobody but the woman noticed that Tom was absent. jc:s` 4
C. Tom was absent when the discussion was held. "~ ?*u*de[,
D. Tom stayed in Room 302 for an hour. +L%IG
Section C rv7{Ow_Y
Directions: In this section, you will hear an interview. Look at the five statements rHz||jjU
for this part on your test paper and decide if you think each statement is true or yI3kvh
false while you are listening to the interview. If you think the answer is true, mark d@ Ja}`
A, if you think the answer is false, mark B on the e\NS\VER SHEET with a single line M.[rLJZ4
through the center. "%6/a7S
11. Xiang zhen has lived in the United States since she was ten years old. L'Q<>{;Ig
12. In Korea, the American gesture for "come" is used :o call dogs. v=?2S
13. When talking to an older person or someone with a higher social position. -e]7n*}H$
Koreans traditionally look at the person's feet. IV `%V+
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14. Between males and females, direct eye contact is a sign of attraction, ytAWOt}`
15. After many years in the United States. Xiangzhen's body language is still A1i!F?X
completely Korean. ]!
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II. Reading Comprehension (30 points) I5ZqB B
Directions: Read the following passages carefully end then select the best answer 9KuD(EJS
from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on t18$x"\4k
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. yxWO[ Z
1 ;2xO`[#
Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago, computed Af(WV>'
tomography or computed medical imagery, has become fairly widely used. Its rapid <wd]D@l7r
acceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks of Z u*K-ep"
conventional X-ray technology. s>n(`?@L
To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all of aM3gRp51cj
the information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at different depths 7:E!b=o#
aresuper imposed, causing confusion to the viewer. Computed tomography can give zZ-\a[F
three-dimensional information. The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of the ~FU@wV^
body's interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing through 4,p;Km&
sections of the body from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are based on DGESba\2+
series of thin "'slices". V^s0fWa
In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone and Xd
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air, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variations 5e8AmY
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in tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and certain other organs #'baPqdO
max only be rendered visible through the use of radio paque dye. Since computed YX*x&5]lq
tomography is much more sensitive, the soft tissues of the kidneys or the liver can !D^c3d
be seen and clearly differentiated. This technique can also accurately measure +j14Q$
different degrees of X-ray absorption, facilitating the study of the nature of" pKG<Nvgz&
tissue. kS5_
A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability Io measure B=f,QU
quantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through which the ,MPB/j^o5!
X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded. This is #]WqM1u
not a problem with computed tomography. It can accurately locate a tumor and I{'f|+1
subsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment, so that in addition to its HeGYu?&
diagnostic capabilities, it can play a significant role in therapy. 68fiG
16. Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference between .wA+S8}S
A. bone and air B. liver and pancreas jEdtJEPa
C. muscle and other body tissues D. heart and lungs SMr13%KN/
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17. What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the body? !|w
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A. Two-dimensional. B. Three-dimensional. ?tdd3ai>
C. Animated. D. Intensified. a3SlxsWW
18. It can be inferred form the passage that. compared to conventional X-ray e!-,PU9+
techniques, computed tomography is more WS8+7O'1\
A. compact B. rapid N;oQ^B'
C. economical D. informative AI vXb\wL
19. what is the author's attitude toward this new technique? }GMbBZ:nKK
A. Cautious. B. Tolerant. RrZM&lXY
C. Enthusiastic. D. Critical. ZIR0PQh\
20. According to the passage, computed tomography can be used for all of the gU^$Sx7'
following EXCEPT @!N-RQ&A
A. monitoring a patient's disease B. diagnosing disorders 2aZw[7s
C. locating tumors D. reconstructing damaged tissues
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Passage 2 gF=jf2{YX
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing W1Lr_z6
as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably, linked for centuries. 8(g:HR*;
This notion is apparent in the origin of our word "pharmacy," which comes [H\:pP8t
from the Greek pharmakon, meaning "purification through purging." 0kQP
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By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had >KLtY|o)
developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They b !@Sn/
used gargles inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first qSqI7ptA\
drug catalog, or p harmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown up3O|lj4
Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay' tablet are kd:$oS_*s
the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today. 1axQ)},o@p
The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers Papyrus. jCAC
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a scroll d a t i n g f r o m 1 9 0 0 B . C . a n d n a m e d a f t e r t h e G e rman Egyptologist r)9Dy,
George Ebers. reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early 87%*+n:?*
Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and jc[_I&Oc_
carbonates (known today. As antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of $8USyGi3J
tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl *%w69#D
alcohol. U-k+9f 0
The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug ,:fl?x.X
preparation. The "'chief of the preparers of drugs" was the equivalent of [3l*F
a head pharmacist, who supervised the "'collectors of drugs." field workers, g*)K/Z0pJ$
who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The "'preparers" aides" (technicians) cfox7FmW
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dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain zf4Ec-)
formulas by' the "'preparers." ^JZ^>E~
And the "conservator of drugs" oversaw the storehouse where local and 9YsR~SM
imported mineral, herb, and animal-organ ingredients were kept. IW8+_#d
By the seventh century B.C.. the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated Q$obOEr2(
mind-body view of medicine. They- believed that a physician must pursue the W3vi@kb]
diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific mNf8kwr
framework, as well as cure the supernatural components involved. Thus, the ZKQ hbNT
early, Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health, *19ax&|*S
even if the suspected "mental" causes of disease were not recognized as stress 4!asT;`'
and depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities. H/M
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The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century, ushered )eUW5
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in by' the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how p~ C.IG
chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would Y+4o B
eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine. ;!o]wHmA
Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries "would pass ) xbO6V
before superstition was displaced by' scientific fact. One major reason was that )!g{Sbl
physicians. unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens ..such as fgNU03jp^x
bacteria and viruses, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils .And' U.AjYez
though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating Qr1e@ =B
disease was still based largely on trial and error. ^8 ' sib
Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this Ggh.dZI4
trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human yCJ Fo
biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of Oz|K8p
the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental zkTp`>9R
finds. Ngb(F84H?
21. The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the first h25G/`
paragraph in orderto f84:hXo6
A. show that ancient civilization had an advanced form of medical science \%
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B. point out that man}' of the beliefs of ancient civilizations are still held today \#68;)+=
C. illustrate that early man thought recovery from illness was linked to internal Q]rD}Ckv-
cleansing J$~<V
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D. emphasize the primitive nature of Greek medical science s>0Nr
22. According to the passage, the seventh-century Greeks' view of medicine differed 7_2kDDW0
from that of the Sumerians in that the Greeks Kj=b[e%
A. discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugs /-6S{hl9Ne
B. acknowledged both the mental and physical roots of illness tpy>OT$
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C. established a rigid hierarchy for the preparation of drugs OD Ur
D. attributed disease to psychological, rather than physical, causes 7bxA]s{m
23. In Paragraph 5, the word "holistic'" most nearly' means gyS+9)gY
A. integrated B. religious 2<mW\$
C. modern D. physiological I\qYkWg7
24. The passage indicates that advances in medical science during the modern era of y~IuP c
pharmacology may have been delayed by, n.hv!W0
A. a lack of understanding of he origins of disease FgL,k
B. a shortage of chemical treatments for disease Tz2-Bp]h
C. an inaccuracy in pharmaceutical preparation m]*Bx%-1c
D. an overemphasis on the psychological causes of disease 9dMrgz&'
25. In the final paragraph, the author makes which of the following observations about y8VpFa
scientific discovery? l{w#H|]
A. Human biochemistry is such a complex science that important discoveries are iYnEwAoN;
uncommon. h;5LgAY|v
B. Many cures for common diseases have yet to be discovered. uP\lCqK,
C. Trial and error is the best avenue to scientific discovery. v#=`%]mL
D. Chance events have led to the discovery of many modem drugs.
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Passage 3 ]d[ge6
When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists [OOS`N4<
in any' part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not R(j1n,c]
resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like tile only planet where 5>J=YLq
life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be miler kinds c:83
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of life based on other kinds of chemistry and they may multiply on Venus us or Jupiter. WWT",gio
At leas we cannot prove at present that they do not. XWJwJ
Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in &h*S
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a more advanced stage of ev0Iution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably ?=GXqbS"
temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, S'dV>m`
in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. crO@?m1
But man's societies are already sufficiently.' developed to have enormously more _WX#a|4h{
power and effectiveness than the individuals have. m~Ld~I"
It is no1 likely that this transitional situation wit! continue very tong or the )m3q2W
evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand ,years from now man's societies may have OdMO=Hy6d
become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. (><zsLs&
Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism UR(-q
and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years 1GEK:g2B
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further on man and his machines may' have merged as closely as the muscles of the $ _8g8r}
human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion. :hG
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The explorers~ of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they. 93[DAs
Arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by' no k\Q,h75
means impossible), they' may find it being inhabited by a single large organism HxK$ 4I`
composed of many closely cooperating units. \qsw"B*tv`
The units may be "'secondary,'" machines created millions of years ago by a VC5_v62&.
previous form of life and given the will and ability' to survive and reproduce. They U=bEA1*@0
may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials, if this is the case,
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they may be much more tolerant of their environment multiplying under conditions that v+6@cC
would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compound and dependent on the !gwjN_ZJ^
familiar carbon cycle. 4!`bZ`_Bw
Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when Hy{
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their planet was favorable to the origin of life or they might be immigrants from [fu!AIQs
a favored planet A5#y?Aq
26 What does the word "cheer" (Para. 1, Line 2) imply? XwM611
A. Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets. fpM#XFj
B. Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets. A`O <6
C. Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other _9:@Vl]Q@
planets. `,wu}F85
D. imaginative mea can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms <