北京师范大学 2007 年博士生入学考试英语试题 #czTX%+9(e
I. Listening Comprehension (15 points) ,c"J[$i
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Section A WzstO}?P(
Directions: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken 8#;=>m%
only' once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the ]y.V#,6
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one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking the O*v&CHd3
corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on the ANSVER SHEET with a single line through :pM8Q1:B
the center. pl%!AY'oE>
1. 4GP?t4][
A. He is in a drug store. "a].v 8l!
B. He is at a department store. rO>'QZ%
C. He is at home. |'-aR@xJ
D. He is at his doctor's office. Eu' ;f_s
2. +rU{-`dy9'
A. I missed in3' train because you stopped me. q;bw}4
B. You made me forget what I was saving F(n<:TvlK
C. You looked so deep in thought that I didn't want to bother you. _%R^8FjH*
D. You told me never to interrupt you. 3N$@K"qM#
3. P!Fykg
A Sally drove back and forth to work twice today ^7\kvW
B. Sally took long time to do her work. x)=l4A\
C. Sally took her lunch with her to work. {!D(3~MI
D. Sally usually gets to work in much less time. \{`^Q+<
4. s8&q8r7%
A. If you audit a course, you don't have to take the tests. +# 'w}
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B. You have to take a test if you want to add another course. 7P2n{zd,
C. Of course you need to buy some textbooks. p#jAEY p
D. It is not necessary to order a textbook. m6[
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5. `$Rgn3
A. The speaker's salary is $250. g
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B. The speaker's salary is $1000. mP\V.^
C. The speaker's salary is $1100. .x%w#
D. The speaker's salary is $ 275. 2c]"*Pb
Section B A0Nx?
Directions: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of :.ZWYze
each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation 0Qa0
and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. K7`6G[RMb
During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. #?w07/~L
6. l+@;f(8}
A. Clean up her room s 4_Dqm
B. Get her report back. " Bx@(
C. Not wait for him past noon. OU UV8K
D. Not worry about her raincoat. YA$YT8iMe
7. Q//
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A. It was probably Mr. Brown's phone number that the woman wrote down. A9b(P[!]T:
B. it was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown. ':pDlUA
C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number. k!x|oC0
D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number. xH\\#4/
8. 3[u-
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A. Someone who is in charge of hunting. 3eE=>E
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B. A boss of a company. c`;oV-
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C. A job-seeking advisor. Ztmh z_u7
D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for a company. ^nNY|
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9. :Q DkaA
A. The woman is not careful at all this time. Y:;_R=M
B. No matter how careful one can be, it is not enough ISC>]`
C. The woman is most careful this time. LHA^uuBN}
D. The woman has never been careful. vU,7Y|t`
10. Gt#r$.]W?o
A. Ton: stayed in a room on the second floor for an hour. HNS^:XR
B. Nobody but the woman noticed that Tom was absent. [T_[QU:A
C. Tom was absent when the discussion was held. "~ "}Om0rB}1
D. Tom stayed in Room 302 for an hour. )!27=R/
Section C uSR%6=$
Directions: In this section, you will hear an interview. Look at the five statements y[$UeE"0
for this part on your test paper and decide if you think each statement is true or %U{sn\V
false while you are listening to the interview. If you think the answer is true, mark :G 5p`;hGo
A, if you think the answer is false, mark B on the e\NS\VER SHEET with a single line *,G<X^
through the center. 'S6zk wC]
11. Xiang zhen has lived in the United States since she was ten years old. ]2m=lt1
12. In Korea, the American gesture for "come" is used :o call dogs. B0b|+5WhR
13. When talking to an older person or someone with a higher social position. .\oW@2,RA9
Koreans traditionally look at the person's feet. YaS!YrpI
14. Between males and females, direct eye contact is a sign of attraction, d[l8qaD
15. After many years in the United States. Xiangzhen's body language is still ]~]TZb
completely Korean. wqDf\k}'v
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II. Reading Comprehension (30 points) 7fypUQ:y
Directions: Read the following passages carefully end then select the best answer \"ogQnmz
from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on m&=Dy5
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Wy-_}wqHg
1 }5PC53q
Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago, computed %G(VYCeK
tomography or computed medical imagery, has become fairly widely used. Its rapid [O\)R[J
acceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks of k
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conventional X-ray technology. D,..gsg
To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all of rOLZiE T
the information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at different depths [H\0
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aresuper imposed, causing confusion to the viewer. Computed tomography can give =A,T:!}'
three-dimensional information. The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of the /
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body's interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing through }0<2n~3P
sections of the body from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are based on L %ac sb}
series of thin "'slices". vxf09v{-
In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone and b'^<0c
air, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variations W"s/8;
in tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and certain other organs ?i0u)<H
max only be rendered visible through the use of radio paque dye. Since computed PSAEW.L
tomography is much more sensitive, the soft tissues of the kidneys or the liver can x Y$x=)
be seen and clearly differentiated. This technique can also accurately measure MA9E??p3\
different degrees of X-ray absorption, facilitating the study of the nature of" 'S}3lsIE
tissue. &to~#.qc
A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability Io measure <J~6Q
quantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through which the L}Sb0 o.
X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded. This is 0ie)$fi
not a problem with computed tomography. It can accurately locate a tumor and eCJ
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subsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment, so that in addition to its Y[b08{/
diagnostic capabilities, it can play a significant role in therapy. A+Un(tU2(
16. Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference between 66B,Krz1n
A. bone and air B. liver and pancreas ci?\W
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C. muscle and other body tissues D. heart and lungs #Q_Scxf
zO9WqP_`iR
17. What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the body? 3LQu+EsS
A. Two-dimensional. B. Three-dimensional. $&,
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C. Animated. D. Intensified. ?Nt m5(R
18. It can be inferred form the passage that. compared to conventional X-ray OJydt; a
techniques, computed tomography is more sjLm-pn3
A. compact B. rapid 9^sz,auB
C. economical D. informative H_8PK$c;
19. what is the author's attitude toward this new technique? k;Qm%B
A. Cautious. B. Tolerant. Rbgy?8#9
C. Enthusiastic. D. Critical. {J)gS
20. According to the passage, computed tomography can be used for all of the o@$pyU8
following EXCEPT w?fq%-6f*
A. monitoring a patient's disease B. diagnosing disorders ze8 MFz'm
C. locating tumors D. reconstructing damaged tissues Z~w?Qm:/
Passage 2 n|.>41bJ
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing k^q~2
as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably, linked for centuries. {^:i}4ZRl
This notion is apparent in the origin of our word "pharmacy," which comes ?*q-u9s9
from the Greek pharmakon, meaning "purification through purging." 2xy{g&G
By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had /sB,)>X
developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They {9F}2
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used gargles inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first SrdCLT8
drug catalog, or p harmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown dqt}:^L*0g
Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay' tablet are C91'dM
the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.
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The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers Papyrus. *$t =Lh
a scroll d a t i n g f r o m 1 9 0 0 B . C . a n d n a m e d a f t e r t h e G e rman Egyptologist YpSK|(
George Ebers. reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early @, z4
{B
Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and 8fWIZ
carbonates (known today. As antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of cn_KHz=
tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl {4R;C~E8
alcohol. Ao9=TC'v$'
The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug |JUAR{
preparation. The "'chief of the preparers of drugs" was the equivalent of 90Z4saSUw
a head pharmacist, who supervised the "'collectors of drugs." field workers, }f] ~{^
who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The "'preparers" aides" (technicians) ?+{qmqN
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dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain !V0)eC50
formulas by' the "'preparers." g.Kyfs4`
And the "conservator of drugs" oversaw the storehouse where local and `=W#owAF
imported mineral, herb, and animal-organ ingredients were kept. S#ud<=@!9
By the seventh century B.C.. the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated Y]}>he1/
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mind-body view of medicine. They- believed that a physician must pursue the KJ6:ZTbW
diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific Wl>$<D4mO[
framework, as well as cure the supernatural components involved. Thus, the .|J-(J<>[.
early, Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health, IqjH
even if the suspected "mental" causes of disease were not recognized as stress ;u?H#\J,
and depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities. u*!/J R
The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century, ushered p~t5PU*(
in by' the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how ! lm0zR
chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would 5sF?0P;ln
eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine. ]0@
J)Z09
Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries "would pass X$$b :q
before superstition was displaced by' scientific fact. One major reason was that (L8z<id<z
physicians. unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens ..such as ^sZ,(sc{G
bacteria and viruses, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils .And' 0VlB7oF
though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating x5nw/''[2
disease was still based largely on trial and error. \}})U#
Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this [=KA5c<
trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human JNgl
biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of ;Quk%6;[N
the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental ]^@!ID$c
finds. }Dc?
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21. The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the first G~Mxh,aD$>
paragraph in orderto IgU65p
A. show that ancient civilization had an advanced form of medical science Lr`G. e
B. point out that man}' of the beliefs of ancient civilizations are still held today aJ}Cqk
C. illustrate that early man thought recovery from illness was linked to internal cv/
cleansing $X:r&7t+Q[
D. emphasize the primitive nature of Greek medical science
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22. According to the passage, the seventh-century Greeks' view of medicine differed O
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from that of the Sumerians in that the Greeks `(7HFq<N
A. discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugs Yy:Q/zwo
B. acknowledged both the mental and physical roots of illness 34\:1z+s M
]@MBE1M
C. established a rigid hierarchy for the preparation of drugs 8 m
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D. attributed disease to psychological, rather than physical, causes ;\Vi~2!8
23. In Paragraph 5, the word "holistic'" most nearly' means R@)L@M)u;
A. integrated B. religious w %sHA
C. modern D. physiological *q.qO )X}3
24. The passage indicates that advances in medical science during the modern era of 0
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pharmacology may have been delayed by, :{Crc
A. a lack of understanding of he origins of disease " %)zTH
B. a shortage of chemical treatments for disease N6BFs
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C. an inaccuracy in pharmaceutical preparation |P"p/iY
D. an overemphasis on the psychological causes of disease ]M;aVw<!
25. In the final paragraph, the author makes which of the following observations about ?!J{Mrdn
scientific discovery? c_xo6+:l
A. Human biochemistry is such a complex science that important discoveries are ,!RbFME&H
uncommon. W 6m
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B. Many cures for common diseases have yet to be discovered. HjO-6F#s
C. Trial and error is the best avenue to scientific discovery. Q'~2,%3<
D. Chance events have led to the discovery of many modem drugs. 0V&6"pF_Y'
Passage 3 \*V`w@
When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists mGmkeD'
in any' part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not k2xOu9ncEj
resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like tile only planet where uZ-yu|1
life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be miler kinds BQol>VRu
of life based on other kinds of chemistry and they may multiply on Venus us or Jupiter. Q`dzn=
At leas we cannot prove at present that they do not. #*[G,s#t^
Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in OI9V'W$
a more advanced stage of ev0Iution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably 'Zdjd]
temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, 8tM40/U$
in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. 6Y|jK<n?H
But man's societies are already sufficiently.' developed to have enormously more Q_bF^4gt
power and effectiveness than the individuals have. qd9CKd
It is no1 likely that this transitional situation wit! continue very tong or the szY=N7\S*
evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand ,years from now man's societies may have _z<y ]?q
become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. +@Oo)#V|.
Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism D|u! KH
and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years R(c:#KF#8
t$sL6|Ww}o
further on man and his machines may' have merged as closely as the muscles of the h]rF2 B
human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion. B*+3A!{s
The explorers~ of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they. ^ $M@yWX6
Arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by' no XCNfogl
means impossible), they' may find it being inhabited by a single large organism ?d*0-mhQ,
composed of many closely cooperating units. w7H.&7rF
The units may be "'secondary,'" machines created millions of years ago by a NzmVQ-4
previous form of life and given the will and ability' to survive and reproduce. They Zc"Vf]:
may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials, if this is the case, R6ynL([xh
they may be much more tolerant of their environment multiplying under conditions that YlW~
would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compound and dependent on the D@V1}/$UoN
familiar carbon cycle. bqwQi>^Cw
Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when 4
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their planet was favorable to the origin of life or they might be immigrants from
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a favored planet 7q&//*%yF
26 What does the word "cheer" (Para. 1, Line 2) imply? 3@ a
A. Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets. x&6SjlDb$K
B. Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets. i2ap]
C. Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other Lw
7,[?,Z
planets. r)P^CZm
D. imaginative mea can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms ?UC3ES
of life on other planets. %RE-_~G
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27. Humans on Earth are characterized by sh []OSM
A their existence as free and separate beings Y}_J
@&:
B. their capability of living under favorable conditions En:.U9?X
C. their great power and effectiveness SF.4["$
D. their strong desire for living in a close-knit society `6KTQk'
28. According to this passage, some people believe that eventually __ bI)ItC_wf!
A. human societies will be much more cooperative S^,1N4
B. man will live in a highly organized world N;cEf7+f
C. machines will take control over man U$[C>~ r
D. living beings will disappear from Earth \\80c65-
29. Even most imaginative people have to admit that __ <eU28M?\
A. human societies are as advanced as those on some other planets <szD"p|K
B. planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stay, 0GR\iw$[J
C. it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the yvxdl=s
human body Hl"qLrb4
i)nb^
D. organisms are more creative than machines ]:CU.M1
30. It seems that the writer [h
"*>J{
A. is interested in the imaginary life forms 808E)
B. is eager to find a different form of life G%
wVQ|1
C. is certain of the existence of a new life form %Z@+K_X9x
D. is critical of the imaginative people q\Cg2[nn2
Passage 4 J /3qJst
Education is one of the key, words of our time. A man without an education, many {HKd="%VG
of us believe, is at: unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of _3UH"9g{
one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of xaO9?{O
education, modern states ‘invest', in institutions of learning to get back +0U
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"interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are B .p&,K
potential leaders. Education. with its cycles of instruction so care fully worked #3@ Du(_n
out, punctuated by text-books--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would V eO$n*O
civilization be like without its benefits? 'P{0K?{H-4
So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and +TW9BU'a^
defendants, marriages and birth; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We wD|,G!8E2
would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied %,$Ms?,n`
psychology,, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If aY 8"Sw|4
our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most P( >*gp
democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages " , c1z\
all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member /C(lQs*l
of the tribe sc that in this respect everybody is equally, equipped for life. !@mV$nTA
It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive H.EgL@;mb
Forms of modern education try, to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to m+p}Qi8i)
seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no CW*Kdt
"illiterates"—if the term can be, applied to peoples without a script while our cU8Rm\?
own compulsory school attendance became law in necessary in 1642, in France in SH>L3@Za
1806, and in England in, 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" J2cqnwUV
nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure thin !mNXPqnN
all on knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. ;h[p "
Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled T^LpoN/T
to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers oTOr,Mn0\6
the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the K_/8MLJQ
ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know _DPWp,k<~
of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results hwF9LD~^
in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an SS?^-BI
education for his child. N3?hyR<T
C/Vs+aW
n
31. The best title for this passage is __ D<}z7W-
A. The Significance of Education ^Rr0)4ns
B. Educational Investment and Its Returns xWk:7 ,/
C. Education: A Comparison of Its Past and Its Present \_?A8F
D. Education in the Wilderness i#/,Q1yEn
32. The word "interest" in paragraph one means __ N@D]Q&;+(T
A. capital profit got back from the investment uC{qaMQ
B. the things young people are interested in :1h1+b@,
C. the well-educated and successful young men and women ^(<Ecdz(
D. the well-educated young people with leadership potential -#0(Jm'
33. The author seems }SL&Y `Y]
A. against the education in the very early historic times D$C
>ZF
B. positive about our present educational instruction kev|AU (WX
C. in favor of the educational practice in primitive cultures HUF],[N
D. quite happy to see an equal start for everyone p=F!)TnJN
34. The passage implies that __ 0k]$ he;h
A. some families now can hardly afford to send their children to school /Y=Cg%+
B. everyone today' has an equal opportunity in education
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C. every, country invests heavily in education &)UZ9r`z
D. we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not bI~ R6o
35. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? uTsxSkHb/
A. One without education today has no opportunities. &PY~m<F
B. We have not yet decided on our education models. { +d](+$
C. Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries now. XY1D<