考博英语语法重点总结 kQ{pFFO
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 AP/5, M<
独立主格特征 3x 'BM AA+
1. 充当句子的状语。 "E 8-76n
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 K~v"%sG{`
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词
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4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） )} n`MRDB
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. &``;1/J*W
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ?s
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). h"]v+u`!SM
真题剖析 qK;n>BTe
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. :m^ eNS6:
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because RK" d Pr
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. FeLWQn/aV6
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be C37KvLQ
虚拟语气 O<."C=1~E
虚拟语气（2） Bb8lklQ
1. （should）+动词原形 1th|n
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 0@^YxU[YN
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 '1^\^)
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 9't d}S
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 +Rxf~m(pV
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 D3(|bSca
would rather +动词过去式 qmtV k
真题剖析 76mQ$z e
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … lNls8@
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t BLuILE:$
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ^xu`NE8;
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded a?M<r>
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. =>4>Z_ q
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. L8/o9N1
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) \SA5@
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54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should DZR k K3
非谓语动词 dkLc"$( O
动名词、分词、不定式。 .LN&EfMenF
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) zp
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 9 qq y( H
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 %Kd 8ZNv
真题剖析 \*v}IO>2})
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. aq0J }4U
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops %n=!H
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ` i,ZwnLh{
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative qs\
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主谓一致 Ajs<a(,6
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 q'hMf?_
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Lk4&&5q
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. t A\N$
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 f&7S ivS#
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. T,`'qZ>
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 aVO5zR./)
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 s~IOc%3
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). G0 ^ 23j
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 J=Ak+ J
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ?G* XZ0u~
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) [qIi_(%o
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） zi:GvTG
He no less than John is interested in literature. #-
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) `(_cR@\
Either my father or my brothers are coming. %+Z 0 $Q
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 C ])Q#!D|
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. V/"XC3/n*
真题剖析 ]6pxd \Q
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 0 { BPT>'
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some DcQ^V 4_
倒装 A0V"5syY
全部倒装 I{_St8
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” LJc
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There stand big buildings in this district. p27A#Uu2}
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. m{JiF-=u
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) PJAE~|a
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. _>dqz(8#
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 -E2[P
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. vk5pnCM^3
4. 表语位于句首 xGk@BA=0<
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. q&<#)#+
Not far from here is a famous university. <^~Xnstl
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ~BERs;4
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. $\81WsL '
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. p $?c>lim
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） cQ6[o"j.
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. yx{Ac| <mR
部分倒装 ,RCjfX a
1. 疑问句 x3PeU_9
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外）
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. %b\xRt[0v7
3. “only+状语”位于句首
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Only when he comes back can be leave. ~-']Q0Z
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 tborRi )
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ~q4DePVE
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) +FY -r[_~
By no means should you break the rules. 7 aD I6G
At no time should we give in to difficulties. d2.n^Q"?3
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) k`oXo%
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” _9!Ru!u~
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. M? [lpH3
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
