考博英语语法重点总结 o'|B|oZ
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 i^"!"&tW#
独立主格特征 OzU
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1. 充当句子的状语。 }sW%i#CV
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 :HkX sZ
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 "WzD+<oL
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） Nyl)B7/w
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. CX#d9
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. !:M+7kmr7t
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 9i+`,r
真题剖析 QfRo`l/V9
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. d VyT `
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 1
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练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. %`} nP3
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be Cm;M;
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虚拟语气 9E}JtLg T
虚拟语气（2） $) m$ c5!
1. （should）+动词原形 d8K|uEHVz
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 z"f+;1
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 jGe% 'A N\
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 V E?Aa
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 moL3GV%]Gq
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 C!)ZRuRv
would rather +动词过去式 Ni
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真题剖析 H
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … i@mS8%|l
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 06] "{2
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 5}Z>N,4
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. wl gR = l
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take UjS+ Ddp
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. c2-oFLNP=
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) EVP{7 }K1
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should `R!Q (rePx
非谓语动词 ~ +h4i'
动名词、分词、不定式。 pfHfw ,[
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Q" r y@
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) U9 jdb9 |
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 HvmE' O8
真题剖析 u;+8Jg+xH/
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 8:[ l1d86
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops I51I(QF=
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. @saK:z
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative
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主谓一致 >Y(JC#M;
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ) ]DqK<-
How you got there doesn’t concern me. m^
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. <KfR)7I$0a
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 rgDl%X2B
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. MJk usR/
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 wY ??#pS
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 41P0)o
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 2qojU%fiH
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 6TTu[*0NT
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. (H"{r
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) g/}d> 6
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ~f"3Wa*\ B
He no less than John is interested in literature. {]dG 9
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) R !yh0y}Z
Either my father or my brothers are coming. Nu3gkIz5z-
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 V'tR
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. #%F-Xsk
真题剖析 #-PMREgO
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. _`gkYu3R+
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ^$}O?y7O
倒装 Z= Cw7 E
全部倒装 &-{%G=5~e%
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” :y
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There stand big buildings in this district. j}d):3!
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. SP/b 4
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) wVFa51a)yy
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 0|J9Btbp
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ij#v_~g3
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. F(zCvT
4. 表语位于句首 ;Z`a[\i':
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. UJQTArf
Not far from here is a famous university. [[]y Q
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 )P? F ni}
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. $y,KDR7^
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. :\'1x
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） f0Q! lMv
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. (gPB@hAv
部分倒装 lR7;{zlSf'
1. 疑问句 yUD@oOVC0
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 8{!|` b'f
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 1Az&BZU[
3. “only+状语”位于句首 \m}a %/
Only when he comes back can be leave. f*rub. y
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 p7Zeudmj
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. @(oY.PeS<z
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) PX_9i@ZG
By no means should you break the rules. -zMvpe-am&
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ;<[!; 8
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) &&52ji<3
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ,1B4FAR&
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. FN/l/OSb
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
