考博英语语法重点总结 Z#jZRNU%ox
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ITQA0PI SL
独立主格特征 "!P3R1 ;%
1. 充当句子的状语。 Ty\R=y}}
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 (# c*M?g3
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 V-P#1Kkh
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） NYUL :Tp
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. YqD=>P[ O
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. |i*37r6]=
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). h&iC;yj=
真题剖析 \7eUw,~Q>
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. c]<5zyl"j1
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ]m q|w
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. w m@@$
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be
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虚拟语气 s^TZXCyF o
虚拟语气（2） @{e}4s?7od
1. （should）+动词原形 i"FtcP^
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 {z|)Njhg
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 1~FOgk1;
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 kazzVK5x
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 rXq.DvQ
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 3`?7 <YJ
would rather +动词过去式 E=Bf1/c\
真题剖析 B mb0cF Q
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ~=LE0. 3[
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t V GN5<?PrN
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. hfB%`x#akQ
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded $wa{~'
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. nF
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take @1j
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. #X$\&,Yn"
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) KF}hV9IU
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should Nx;~@
非谓语动词 1GRCV8 "Z^
动名词、分词、不定式。 G_JA-@i%
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) TX/Xt7#R:
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 3}1u\(Mf
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 BlO<PMmhT&
真题剖析 T::85
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. V0 YZp
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops Izc
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 0+ '&`Q!u
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative q2j{tP#
主谓一致 Or+U@vAnk
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 +sA2WK]
How you got there doesn’t concern me. xo&_bMO
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. V!=,0zy~Z
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 A)!*]o >U
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. c?-H>u
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Llo"MO*sr
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 e !Y~Qy
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). \\qZl)P_
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 O/C rd/
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Lq ^)R
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ~
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） " 8MF_Gu):
He no less than John is interested in literature. 0S~r gq|O
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Gef TdO.&
Either my father or my brothers are coming. RrB &\9=
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 (A#^l=su
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. eauF ~md,
真题剖析 T8g$uFo
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 5 ;EvNu
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some /4Gt{yg Sr
倒装 R/YqyT\SM
全部倒装 iBa A9
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” e"<OELA
There stand big buildings in this district. ":ue-=&M
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. { < KVx9
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) [W&T(%(W-
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ?@86P|19
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 g 7H(PF?
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. M= (u ]%\
4. 表语位于句首 "y}5;9#,
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. bt?5*ETA
Not far from here is a famous university. QXK{bxwC
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 eR>oq,
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. > (<f 0
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. _[BP 0\dPW
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） E1
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. F== p<lrs
部分倒装 PKz' :_|
1. 疑问句 }SZd
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） P%n>Tg80M
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. SpBy3wd
3. “only+状语”位于句首 -9?]IIVb
Only when he comes back can be leave. HzsdHH(J
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 t uX |\X
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. yHaGkm
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) !4!~L k=
By no means should you break the rules. -{vD: Il=6
At no time should we give in to difficulties. |7~<Is~
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) dO \"?aiD
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” P+}h$ _x
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. WIGi51yC.x
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
