英语词汇讲义

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1、难度系数不好界定 Btcy)LRk  
2、考博要求有较大的词汇量 ~b8]H|<'Y  
3、可以参考的单词书籍：《如鱼得水背单词》 YUk\Q%  
4、借助真题背单词 C;^X[x%h7$  
5、背单词的核心方法：词根、词缀 4'=y:v2  
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词形相近类 g[4WzDF*  
例如： wk_@R=*(\  
        A .commerce,     B. commence,    C. comment,     D. commend 7 B66]3v  
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commerce     商业 6.yu-xm
 
comment      评论 |P?*5xPB  
commend      赞美 uQKT  
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例如：并发症 Wmv#:U  
        A .compensation    B. complication    C .contamination   D. contemplation pOoEI+t  
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complication          并发症 \:LW(&[!  
compensation        补偿或弥补（经济学） 5]:U9ts#  
contamination        污染（放射性、化学性） NC6&x=!3  
contemplation        冥思苦想  N4TV  
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例如： gL /9/b4  
        A. emit    B. emerge     C. submit     D. submerge j8:\%|  
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emit               发射、发送 M x"\5i  
emerge          突然出现 {Ou1KDy#)  
submerge      沉入、下沉 aV0"~5  
submit           提交、递交、屈服、让步 b4Ekqas  
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四选项有三项为近义词类 >9Vn.S  
例如： ]7c=PC  
        A. fresh    B. evident    C. obvious     D. apparent AbW6x  
同一场景类 &_8947  
例如： &=mtc%mL  
       A. parole      B. penalty      C. prosecute      D. charge j3ls3H&  
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parole               假释、保释 %^6F_F_jS  
penalty             死刑或严重的惩罚 _+3::j~;m  
prosecute（for）= charge （with） 控告 #~=RyH  
固定搭配类 +&H4m=D-#a  
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例句： t sRdvFFq  
      (1) Look, look, who is coming back? Theapple of my eye. *lJxH8\  
      (2)Speaker A: Hey, Marry, how have youbeen lately? I haven’t heard from bpa?C  
                            you for ten years.I heard that you still did the same job as ten 'dc#F3  
                            years ago. Whathappened to you? 7_[L o4_  
          Speaker B: While, you know, I likewhat I am now. I am not the kind of 9+!hg'9Qn  
                            person who wants topolish my boss' apple to get ahead。 b|(:[nB  
1．The day was breaking and people began togo to work so the murderer was unable to ______ of the body. ]hV*r@d  
A．dispense          B．dispose          C．discard          D．discharge ;qV>L=a  
2．Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract.That′s ______ . Of course I didn′t agree. I would take legal action. 9W);rL |5  
A．fraud          B．blackmail          C．bribery          D．compensation F((4U"   
3．Her remarks ______ a complete disregardfor human rights. Vi|#@tC'  
A．magnified          B．maintained          C．manipulated          D．manifested 0PCGDLk8  
4．The unfortunate death of the genius poetcaused ______ loss to this country. m(P]k'ZH?  
A．priceless          B．countless          C．incalculable          D．imaginable b#o|6HkW  
5．Before the disastrous earthquake therewas ______ chaos. A]3k4DL YS  
A．massive          B．ominous          C．suspending          D．imminent f%8C!W]Dm  
6．On behalf of my company, I am ______ toyou and your colleagues for your generous help. zKK9r~ M  
A．subjected          B．inclined          C．available          D．obliged 43 :X,\~)  
7．The appearance of the used car is ______, it's much newer than it really is. !p/goqT~dY  
A．descriptive          B．indicative          C．deceptive          D．impressive ?&uu[y  
8．His office is ______ to the President′s;it usually takes him about three minutes to get there. EiaW1Cs  
A．related          B．adhesive          C．adherent          D．adjacent -I% 5$`z  
9．The none of students in the class likesthe mistress, who is used to being ______ of everything they do. 5Yndc)Z  
A．emotional          B．optimistic          C．interested          D．critical H%{+QwzZ[j  
10．I didn′t know it then, but this disruptiveway of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up. og>uj>H&  
A．harmful          B．persistent          C．interruptive          D．characteristic H6gSO(U  
11．The problem is that the loss ofconfidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious. OcO3v'&  
A．spreading          B．contemptible          C．contented          D．depressing fTX;.M/%   
12．The sales manager was so adamantabout her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out ofit. [.}oyz;}N  
A．adaptable          B．anxious          C．firm          D．talkative rW#T vUn  
13．Other non-dominant males were hyperactive;they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting eachother. IUct  
A．hardly active     B．relativelyactive     C．extremely inactive     D．pathologicallyactive bQ5\ ]5M  
14．While he was not dumber than an ox, hewas not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helpedhim along. LXCx~;{\  
A．helpful          B．merciful          C．enthusiastic          D．intelligent %xt^698&X  
15．Before the construction of the road, itwas prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across themountains. HLi%%"'  
A．determinedly          B．incredibly          C．amazingly          D．forbiddingly Yoll?_k +  
16．At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in hisold armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of hisyouth romances. W
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A．hopefully          B．reflectively          C．sympathetically          D．irresistibly "J3x_~,[4m  
17．The prodigal son spent his money extravagantlyand soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar. -D~%| ).
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A．lavishly          B．economically          C．thriftily          D．extrovertly h@wgd~X9  
18．The chimney vomited a cloud ofsmoke. QSf|nNT  
A．ignited          B．immersed          C．emitted          D．hugged PTV:IzoW  
19．The rear section of the brain doesnot contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual oremotional faculties. ~7Ux@Sx;  
A．advanced          B．growing          C．front          D．back =H]@n|$(  
pI<f) r  
zebra   斑马 a"u0Q5J  
doze    打盹 PeEj&4k  
yearling  一岁家畜 11;zNjD|  
duckling   小鸭子 oe~b}:  
yield屈服,生产 Y`wSv NU  
unyielding  不屈不挠的
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eggshell  蛋壳 Ny)X+2Ae  
eggwhite  蛋清 Eu04e N  
yolk  蛋黄 vs{s_T7Mz]  
yeast  酵母,发酵粉 KJZ4AWH`  
x=acec uc oc icien    生产，制造，做 A\5L 7  
defect  毛病，缺陷 Pj%|\kbNs  
sunsea seed earth koi^l`B$  
sense理智 )whA<lC  
sensibility  情感 RViuJ;  
constitute  组成，构成 "g8M
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constitution宪法 sCHJ&>m5-  
prostitute妓女，糟蹋 D.XvG_  
destitute   困穷的 K@hw.Xq"  
semen  精子 3sZ\0P}   
insemination  受精 u,4eCxYE$  
dissemination  传播 Ooy7*W';  
sol  唯一的 wq`Bd  
solo独奏，独唱 :*\Pn!r  
insulin胰岛素 5/Uy{Xt  
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Section A b ;UJ 88  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, markedA, B, C, and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. cExS7~*  
Section A  sLQ^F  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. ^J;bso`  
1．we are all overwhelmed with morefacts and information than we can possibly ______ @MCg%Afw  
A．feed           B．maintain        C．absorb        D．consume ~Jz6O U*z  
2．pleasure, or joy, is vital to ______health. @sC`!Rmy'-  
A．optimistic     B．optional         C．optimal       D．operational /I0%Z+`=  
3．A ______ effort is required toachieve health. {{p7 3 'u  
A．committed     B．restricted       C．composed  D．sophisticated emN*l]N  
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4．A person's belief ______ and colorshis experience. Y/zj[>  
A．contradicts    B．shapes           C．summarizes    D．exchanges WI-1)1t  
5．Many professors encourage studentsto question and ______ their ideas #4 pB

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A．convey         B．voice             C．challenge       D．conform R/z=p_6p7`  
6．You are healthy when are ______your outer and inner environments. ^$hH1H+V  
A．in relation to                       B．with regard to I&W
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C．in contrast with                     D．in harmony with .ctw2x5W  
7．Good health is a spirited ______ ofenergy ,smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a positive joy in life. nc|p)  
A．texture       B．mix               C．burst          D．peak ^3L0w
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8．The ______ of emotional andpsychiatric disorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide. wD'SPk5S?  
A．formula        B．coverage          C．interval        D．spectrum iqQD{SRt{  
9．Work is a ______ of satisfaction. %M|hA#04vZ  
A．measure        B．terminal         C．source         D．resource u 5f9Jw}  
10．If you ______ a heart-attack orstroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to staycalm and urge bystanders to call for an ambulance. UrEs4R1#  
A．find out      B．go into           C．pass by        D．come across O[JL+g4  
11．Today people still don't makehealth a(n) ______ because they have no time. `&ckZiq  
A．privilege      B．issue             C．principle       D．priority p 4 ^yVa  
12．Mental exercise can favorably ______the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one's bodilyproportions. X?qK0fS  
A．modify       B．adjust            C．develop        D．contrast mSh[}%swj  
13．The distinctions between thedifferent schools and approaches are often very ______ m`^q <sj  
A．subtle        B．sufficient         C．superficial.     D．superior fHd#u%63K  
14．Despite the limitations of astandard CT, it does a ______ job of picture the internal anatomy of the body. JO6)-U$7UG  
A．supreme      B．superb           C．sufficient       D．superfluous Q:d]imw!O  
15．The city government is getting itsresidents to properly ______ their garbage. 9N3o-=  
A．break up     B．dispose of        C．check out      D．hand out R|87%&6']
 
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Part B -Cc^d!::  
Directions:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are fourother words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase thatwould best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted forthe underlined part. Mark your answer of the ANSWER SHEET. _H7x9 y=  
16．The recent deterioration inthe economy is of great concern to the government. '$]97b7G  
A．depression   B．deficiency        C．degeneration   D．deformity ;RPx^X~  
17．A substantial hike in the top rateof income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation'salready waning support. eF-."1  
A．depreciating    B．warning          C．declining      D．startlingl -3Z,EaG^  
18．He was not conspicuouslyhairy nor shiny-bald, but his hair was graying and receding tactfully inkeeping with his age. YHygo#4=8  
A．prominently.     B．warily            C．consciously    D．conventionally R=2
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19．The water company is obliged tomaintain a supply of wholesome water lE(HFal0-(  
A．available      B．hydraulic.        C．balanced       D．hygienic. r1{@Ucw2  
20．Smoking makes one six times morelikely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaultsthe tissues that line the mouth and throat. ag;pN*z  
A．detects       B．contaminates     C．occupies       D．attacks FxWSV|Z  
21．Most organisms must fit in withtheir surroundings because their skills to alter their environment arerestricted and highly specialized. =ToyZm\  
A．attach themselves to               B．succumb to w4{<n/"  
C．lean on                             D．adapt themselves to 3J|F?M"N7  
22．Instead of being recycled, garbageis left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spreadinfectious diseases. qvKG-|j  
A．innocuous    B．gathering         C．filthy          D．inflammable. $AjHbU.I{  
23．The prevalence of highlyintelligent devices has eliminated the handicaps associated with mostdisabilities umH40rX+  
A．disadvantages     B．dispositions     C．disappointment    D．discomforts )e=D(qd  
24．In general, lasers operate bycreating an intense amount of light and energy which is then convertedinto heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue. ' ;FnIZ  
A．developed     B．reduced           C．transformed    D．decoded X Dm[Gc>(~  
25．Shyness, the most common form ofsocial anxiety, occurs when a person's apprehensions are so great that they inhibithis making an expected or desired social response. -4IE]'##  
A．discharge     B．trigger            C．restrain        D．defer SaAFz&WRl  
26．The secret to turning a dailystroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace. s %``H`  
A．dilate         B．multiply         C．accelerate      D．enlarge oC: {aK6\  
27．How many people know that the term “arthritis”may refer to dozens of defferent types of joint involvement? DIfaVo/"  
A．disorder      B．knuckle          C．dislocation     D．therapy */^q{PsN  
28．Amokers are more prone toosteoporosis, a major cause of fractures in old people, particularly post-menopausewomen. g._]8{K  
A．reliable       B．liable            C．reasonable     D．compatible r|fL&dtr  
29．The project was hampered bya constant stream of visitors. gw3K+P  
A．held up      B．cut off           C．carried out    D．given up K6/Q}W
 
30．During the summer sessionthere will be a revised schedule of services for the university community. $m{:C;UH  
A．term         B．climate           C．heat           D．portion
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Section A n,V[eW#m'L  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. F^t DL:  
31．An enormous number of people in theworld's poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation ______ 2~1SQ.Q<RY  
A．capacities       B．facilities       C．authorities       D．warranties Hz1%x  
32．Family-planing clinics give out ______advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families. Sw8]EH6  
A．. insensitive     B．interrogative   C．contraceptive     D．communicative P}y +G|  
33．Caffeine is the ______ drug thatwill just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus. +`7i'ff  
A．miracle          B．myth           C．trick             D．legend ,]ma+(|  
34．Today investigators are still farfrom ______ a master map of the vasculature of the heart. 6xe*E[#k\  
A．constituting     B．decoding      C．drafting          D．encoding Pw7]r<Q  
35．I have never seen a more caring, ______group of piople in my life. z0p* Z&  
A．emotional       B．impersonal     C．compulsory       D．compassionate Pmr5S4Ka  
36．By the time I reached my residency,I ______ treated the patient as a whole human being. ?wiCQ6*$  
A．yearned for      B．broke into     C．pass for          D．made for. HZzDVCU  
37．We now obtain more than two-thirdsprotein from animal resources, while our grandparents ______ only one-half fromanimal resources. j ^j1  
A．originated       B．digested        C．deprived          D．derived szZr4y<8|1  
38．Obesity carries an increased riskof ______. w;[NH/A^a  
A．mortality       B．mobility      C．longevity        D．maternity 6y%qVx#!  
39．The best exercise should requirecontinuous ______, rather than frequent stops and starts. *v jmy/3  
A．compassion     B．acceleration   C．frustration       D．exertion KQaxvU)L  
40．Environmental officials insist thatsomething be done to ______ acid rain. ?*G|XnM&  
A．curb            B．sue            C．detoxify          D．condemn =r?hgGWe  
Section B Z58X5"  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. Xy|So|/bKd  
41．It would be wildly optimistic tobelieve that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland. V%7WUq  
A．take in         B．make up       C．cut down        D．bring about DbBc Q%  
42．To begin with, it is impossible to comeup with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappymarriage. v}}F,c(f  
A．explain         B．oppose        C．represent        D．propose U8s2|G;K  
43．Politicians often use emotionalrather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions andideas. sQUM~HD\a  
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A．applicable       B．favorable       C．sensitive         D．reasonable BM%e0n7  
44．Tests are one way for a teacher to assesshow much a student has learned. >Eyt17_H"n  
A．observe          B．appraise        C．appreciate         D．induce e8>})  
45．Through live television, the worldis now able to witness historical events as they happen. ,8S/t+H  
A．reserve          B．confirm         C．perceive           D．transmit 2@n{yYwy  
46．Most experts say that the new taxplan will have a negligible effect on the country's economic problems. z\\[S@>pt  
A．indefinite        B．indispensable      C．infinite           D．insignificant YiXk5B0Uh  
47．I don't know how you could have leftout the most important fact of all. {g'(~ qv  
A．omitted          B．fabricated      C．pinpointed        D．embraced vONasD9At  
48．Family and cultural beliefs and normsare important predictors of health-seeking behavior. +xh`Q=A  
A．formulations    B．standards      C．principles.       D．notions j2t7'bO_  
49．There must be a systematic approachto retrieving notes and analyzing them. 9@SC}AF.  
A．regain            B．relieving        C．reversing         D．rectifying yJ[0WY8<kC  
50．To study the distribution ofdisease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map. JinU
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A．mark            B．allocate       C．erase             D．pose lF<]8m%F  
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Part ⅡVocabulary(10%) q \9JgD)   
Section A AmUr.ofu  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. $!-yr7  
31．Sometimes you can get quite ______when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. I {SjlN}d  
A．frustrated         B．depressed         C．approved         D．distracted SJlr53  
32．The company has ______ itself to apolicy of equal opportunity for all. 0.Q Ujw  
A．promised          B．committed         C．attributed        D．converted 0gu_yg!R  
33．I haven't met anyone ______ the newtax plan. eFB5=)l
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A．in honor of        B．in search of        C．in place of        D．in favor of [@_Jj3`4  
34．Salk won ______ as the scientistwho developed the world's first effective vaccine against polio. }g@v`5  
A．accomplishment                         B．qualification IY1//9  
C．eminence                                D．patent h7
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35．This software can be ______ to theneeds of each customer. mn'A9er  
A．tailored           B．administrated      C．entailed          D．accustomed nd`1m[7MNu  
36．The average commercial business canshut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn't dare, for lives are ______ K$z2YJ%  
A．in circulation      B．under consideration C．on hand          D．at stake lPe&h]@ >  
37．As we need plain, ______ food forthe body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. 9V a}I
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A．wholesome       B．diet              C．tasteful          D．edible qRu~$K  
38．He never gave much thought to the additionalkilorams he had ______ lately. ~kV/!=  
A．shown up         B．piled up          C．put on           D．taken on t"sBPLU\  
39．The teacher tried hard to read ______handwriting in her students's test papers. . S EdY:  
A．irregular          B．illiterate         C．illegible          D．irrational ,S\CC{!  
40．A coronary disease is thewidely-used term ______ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart. 9FF0%*tGo  
A．denoting          B．donating          C．relating          D．resorting }f%}v  
Section B aNsBcov3O  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. 5; C|  
41．Humans are using up the world'snatural riches at an alarming rate. :x3QRF  
A．appalling         B．appealing         C．alert             D．abnormal _r#Z}HK  
42．Dring water in many areas of thedeveloping world is contaminated with bacteria．  =<C:d  
A．purified           B．multiplied         C．tainted           D．blended #I.+aV+2oQ  
43．One of the most noticeable featuresof U. S society is the diversity of its people. 3l]lwV  
A．liberty             B．democracy        C．variety           D．origin SZ7:u895E  
44．The controversy aboutabortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twentyyears. a"1t-x  
A．resentment        B．consensus          C．notion            D．dispute je\Ph5"  
45．As human settlement advance, thetropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. |o"?gB}Dh  
A．retrieving         B．sprawling         C．consuming       D．withdrawing ^^u5*n+5  
46．The war's impact on the populationof the country was catastrophic. O;Rqv  
A．influential        B．disastrous         C．apparent         D．criticala I@\lN&HC  
47．His physican told him that not totake much of the drug because it was very potent. U)TUOwF  
A．bitter             B．irritant            C．effective         D．powerful 5PCqYN(:B  
48．Certain drugs can cause transientside effects, such as sleepiness. -]Bq|qTH[(  
A．permanent         B．residual.      C．irreversible       D．fleeting |T /ZL!  
49．Nervous illness may stem frombeing treated inconsiderately in childhood. 1dY}\Sp  
A．complain of       B．give rise to       C．originate in       D．dominate over MR7}s4o  
50．Both a person's heredity and hissurroundings help to shape his chacter. YpHg
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A．form              B．correct             C．modify           D．improve &<g|gsG`  
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Section A u]wZQl#-  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. Eh`7X=Z7E  
31．All the characters in the play are ______. m,28u3@r  
A．imaginable      B．imaginary        C．imaginative       D．imagining J(TkXNm  
32．The judge           all the charges against Smith. }v;V=%N+v  
A．dismissed            B．eliminated      C．refused           D． discarded .<?GS{6 N  
33．The actress ______ the terms of hercontract and was prosecuted by the producer. 0JS?;fk  
A．ignored               B．ratified          C．drafted              D．violated T"Y+m-<%  
34．At this time of the year,university admission offices are ______ with inquires from anxious applicants. @s>Czm5  
A．annoyed            B．thrilled         C． trampled          D．reproached `RT>}_
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35．When the former president ______her candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of being elected. &AMl:@p9  
A．enforced            B．endorsed          C．follow up          D．put forward ITQA0PISL  
36．The country's highest medal was ______upon him for heroism. "!P3R1;%  
A．earned            B．bestowed            C．credited            D．granted Ty\R=y}}  
37．The local government leaders aremaking every effort to ______ the problem of poverty. 4B;=kL_f  
A．tackle             B．taper            C．suppress           D．tangle \sixI;-2  
38．At the party we found that the shygirl ______ her mother all the time. \w>y`\6mX  
A．harmonizing with                             B．clinging to !TH) +zi  
C．depending on                                 D．adjusting to _ye |Y  
39．We managed to reach the top of themountain, and half an hour later we began to ______. @7c?xQVd$  
A．decline               B．ascend             C．descend              D．plunge 8nqG<!,q  
40．Losing the job was bad, but evenworse was the feeling that I had ______ my dear wife and children. ztY}5 A2`  
A．let alone          B．let down        C．let off          D．let up F<1fX7c  
Section B .LZ?S"z$w  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. z9Mfd#5?>P  
41．The temperature of the atmospherebecomes colder as elevation increase. Wi<m{.%\E  
A．altitude             B．aptitude          C．latitude          D．longitude ]q[D>6_  
42．She was so stubborn that shewouldn't change her opinions. C=xa5Y  
A．unwilling            B．talented           C．obstinate            D．determined ;1=1:S8  
43．On Christmas Eve, she spent twohours decorating the room with flower chains. R^fPIv`q  
A．modifying            B．ornamenting        C．disposing             D．packing 8d{0rqwNE  
Vt~{
Gu-Y  
44．Nobody can stand for long agonyof a severe toothache. Q\vpqE!9  
A．sufferance      B．suppuration        C．plague                 D．torment =%O6:YM   
45．When we recall a story of identicaloffspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged. w.o@7|B1N  
A．enlightened      B．calmed              C．provoked              D．moved Lb-OsKU  
46．Only native-born citizens are eligiblefor the US.presidency. H41?/U,{  
A．obliged         B．intelligible          C．competent            D．qualified (,2SXV  
47．Tomorrow's match has been calledoff because of the foul weather. _61gF[r4!Y  
A．prevented          B．delayed            C．cancelled            D．forbidden +=h:Vb8  
48．Losing his job was a financial catastrophefor his family. W@IQ^ }E  
A．calamity           B．accident          C．frustration          D．depression C): 1?@  
49．Children were expected to be obedientand contribute to the well-being of the family. Ix}sK"}[n  
A．smart           B．efficient          C．painstaking         D．submissive 8Fh)eha9f  
50．While many applaud the increasingindividualism and freedom of children within the family, others lamentthe loss of family responsibility and discipline. Y@iS_lR  
A．mourn             B．delight           C．prosecute           D．condemn v1JzP#  
h#*dI`>l-