英语词汇讲义

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1、难度系数不好界定 *$1*\oCtz  
2、考博要求有较大的词汇量 ad&Mk^p  
3、可以参考的单词书籍：《如鱼得水背单词》 S2*-Ulu G  
4、借助真题背单词  i/y+kL  
5、背单词的核心方法：词根、词缀 1Yz1/gFj  
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词形相近类 =3a`NO5!  
例如： 1;?b-FEq:  
        A .commerce,     B. commence,    C. comment,     D. commend (=)+as"u9*  
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commerce     商业 qu sgX;)  
comment      评论 dGQy=T:  
commend      赞美 .Uh-Wi[  
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例如：并发症 Ts}5Nk8%  
        A .compensation    B. complication    C .contamination   D. contemplation {1#5\t>9yD  
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complication          并发症 Q'7o_[o/  
compensation        补偿或弥补（经济学） 0 -=onX  
contamination        污染（放射性、化学性） XFG]%y=/6  
contemplation        冥思苦想 K%2,z3ps  
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例如： ~ Y4H)r  
        A. emit    B. emerge     C. submit     D. submerge z]gxkol\  
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emit               发射、发送 1Q#hanh_`  
emerge          突然出现 i._d^lR\t  
submerge      沉入、下沉 O<L/m[]  
submit           提交、递交、屈服、让步 p%xo@v(  
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四选项有三项为近义词类 u32wS$*8  
例如： : b $ M  
        A. fresh    B. evident    C. obvious     D. apparent ENA8o}n  
同一场景类 Af5In9WB5  
例如： 9oKRu6]D-  
       A. parole      B. penalty      C. prosecute      D. charge 4JU#3  
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parole               假释、保释 V=3NIw18  
penalty             死刑或严重的惩罚 5c'rnMW4+p  
prosecute（for）= charge （with） 控告 B&-;w_K  
固定搭配类 x03GJy5  
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例句：
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      (1) Look, look, who is coming back? Theapple of my eye. V0wK.^]+}/  
      (2)Speaker A: Hey, Marry, how have youbeen lately? I haven’t heard from SDA +XnmH  
                            you for ten years.I heard that you still did the same job as ten r/:9j(y xr  
                            years ago. Whathappened to you? '9{H(DA  
          Speaker B: While, you know, I likewhat I am now. I am not the kind of d!Y,i!l!  
                            person who wants topolish my boss' apple to get ahead。 FRs5 Pb1  
1．The day was breaking and people began togo to work so the murderer was unable to ______ of the body. l]oGhM;  
A．dispense          B．dispose          C．discard          D．discharge ;,Lq*x2s  
2．Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract.That′s ______ . Of course I didn′t agree. I would take legal action. FZjtQ{M  
A．fraud          B．blackmail          C．bribery          D．compensation ;d?4phl-.  
3．Her remarks ______ a complete disregardfor human rights. Z|'tw^0e5  
A．magnified          B．maintained          C．manipulated          D．manifested axXAy5  
4．The unfortunate death of the genius poetcaused ______ loss to this country. .6e5w1r63  
A．priceless          B．countless          C．incalculable          D．imaginable /vsQ <t;~  
5．Before the disastrous earthquake therewas ______ chaos. dYfVox;  
A．massive          B．ominous          C．suspending          D．imminent j%[|XfM  
6．On behalf of my company, I am ______ toyou and your colleagues for your generous help. )JeiTh^  
A．subjected          B．inclined          C．available          D．obliged v,Ep2$  
7．The appearance of the used car is ______, it's much newer than it really is. ]%>;R^HY  
A．descriptive          B．indicative          C．deceptive          D．impressive R%7k<1d'`  
8．His office is ______ to the President′s;it usually takes him about three minutes to get there. ZiVTc/b  
A．related          B．adhesive          C．adherent          D．adjacent Rjm5{aa-  
9．The none of students in the class likesthe mistress, who is used to being ______ of everything they do. {{@3r5KGl  
A．emotional          B．optimistic          C．interested          D．critical ?B@iBOcu[  
10．I didn′t know it then, but this disruptiveway of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up. Xps MgJ/w  
A．harmful          B．persistent          C．interruptive          D．characteristic `P :-a7_  
11．The problem is that the loss ofconfidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious. }1X,~y]  
A．spreading          B．contemptible          C．contented          D．depressing EG<K[t  
12．The sales manager was so adamantabout her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out ofit. j&Z:|WniK  
A．adaptable          B．anxious          C．firm          D．talkative e:NzpzI"v  
13．Other non-dominant males were hyperactive;they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting eachother. -!w
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A．hardly active     B．relativelyactive     C．extremely inactive     D．pathologicallyactive E$smr\  
14．While he was not dumber than an ox, hewas not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helpedhim along. ]J_Dn\  
A．helpful          B．merciful          C．enthusiastic          D．intelligent X} 8rrC=  
15．Before the construction of the road, itwas prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across themountains. ;uR8pz e  
A．determinedly          B．incredibly          C．amazingly          D．forbiddingly D/@:wY  
16．At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in hisold armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of hisyouth romances. u)
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A．hopefully          B．reflectively          C．sympathetically          D．irresistibly LT2mwJl  
17．The prodigal son spent his money extravagantlyand soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar. fv<
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A．lavishly          B．economically          C．thriftily          D．extrovertly }IEYH&4!  
18．The chimney vomited a cloud ofsmoke. }ndH |,  
A．ignited          B．immersed          C．emitted          D．hugged '<4OA!,^)  
19．The rear section of the brain doesnot contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual oremotional faculties. y~
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A．advanced          B．growing          C．front          D．back pwU]r  
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zebra   斑马 |Q.?<T:wt=  
doze    打盹 F N(&3Ull  
yearling  一岁家畜 R1J"QU  
duckling   小鸭子 B^{bXhDp  
yield屈服,生产 .^P^lQT]>  
unyielding  不屈不挠的 6Y\9h)1Jo  
eggshell  蛋壳 .eq-i>  
eggwhite  蛋清 *C's7O{O  
yolk  蛋黄 V,|9$A;  
yeast  酵母,发酵粉 SZvw>=)a  
x=acec uc oc icien    生产，制造，做 +z(" 'Cv  
defect  毛病，缺陷 - [Zau$;J<  
sunsea seed earth bKG:_mWe w  
sense理智 LF*3Iw|v  
sensibility  情感 Kq6m5A]z  
constitute  组成，构成 Jg;Hg[  
constitution宪法 *%uv7G@%N  
prostitute妓女，糟蹋 G?>~w[#mQR  
destitute   困穷的 2tn%/gf'm  
semen  精子 Fk=_Q LI  
insemination  受精 [J-r*t"!  
dissemination  传播 a[Txd=b  
sol  唯一的 rv|k8  
solo独奏，独唱 ,FS iE\  
insulin胰岛素 _[XEL+.  
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Section A #8nF8J<4  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, markedA, B, C, and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. EB@!?=0x  
Section A a
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Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. ?:n{GK  
1．we are all overwhelmed with morefacts and information than we can possibly ______ PMXnupt  
A．feed           B．maintain        C．absorb        D．consume {fIH9+v  
2．pleasure, or joy, is vital to ______health. 5:n&G[Md  
A．optimistic     B．optional         C．optimal       D．operational %qja:'k  
3．A ______ effort is required toachieve health. )2rI/=R  
A．committed     B．restricted       C．composed  D．sophisticated &\!-d%||)  
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4．A person's belief ______ and colorshis experience. +H="5uO<  
A．contradicts    B．shapes           C．summarizes    D．exchanges E8NIH!dI  
5．Many professors encourage studentsto question and ______ their ideas :nZ*x=aq  
A．convey         B．voice             C．challenge       D．conform o/=K:
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6．You are healthy when are ______your outer and inner environments. Txoc  
A．in relation to                       B．with regard to O8dD
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C．in contrast with                     D．in harmony with q &jW{  
7．Good health is a spirited ______ ofenergy ,smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a positive joy in life. JmN;v|wF:c  
A．texture       B．mix               C．burst          D．peak *j<;;z-  
8．The ______ of emotional andpsychiatric disorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide. kN>d5q9b%X  
A．formula        B．coverage          C．interval        D．spectrum 6e~+ @S  
9．Work is a ______ of satisfaction. ?cg+RNI  
A．measure        B．terminal         C．source         D．resource wu 3uu1J  
10．If you ______ a heart-attack orstroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to staycalm and urge bystanders to call for an ambulance. o_\b{<^I  
A．find out      B．go into           C．pass by        D．come across dHOz;4_  
11．Today people still don't makehealth a(n) ______ because they have no time. ?0_i{BvN  
A．privilege      B．issue             C．principle       D．priority ?hDEFW9&^x  
12．Mental exercise can favorably ______the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one's bodilyproportions. &BE[=& |  
A．modify       B．adjust            C．develop        D．contrast aG=Y 6j G  
13．The distinctions between thedifferent schools and approaches are often very ______ \nxt\KD  
A．subtle        B．sufficient         C．superficial.     D．superior x!"!oJG^k  
14．Despite the limitations of astandard CT, it does a ______ job of picture the internal anatomy of the body. |: nuT$(  
A．supreme      B．superb           C．sufficient       D．superfluous 1bj75/i<6  
15．The city government is getting itsresidents to properly ______ their garbage. 2'pxA:  
A．break up     B．dispose of        C．check out      D．hand out IOmIkx&`GP  
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Part B @H{$,\\  
Directions:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are fourother words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase thatwould best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted forthe underlined part. Mark your answer of the ANSWER SHEET. RbrvY  
16．The recent deterioration inthe economy is of great concern to the government. 5'z&kl0"S  
A．depression   B．deficiency        C．degeneration   D．deformity eY&UFe  
17．A substantial hike in the top rateof income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation'salready waning support. 9
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A．depreciating    B．warning          C．declining      D．startlingl /n"A%6S  
18．He was not conspicuouslyhairy nor shiny-bald, but his hair was graying and receding tactfully inkeeping with his age. T-5T`awf  
A．prominently.     B．warily            C．consciously    D．conventionally S?8q.59  
19．The water company is obliged tomaintain a supply of wholesome water ?W(wtp,o  
A．available      B．hydraulic.        C．balanced       D．hygienic. LI nN-b#  
20．Smoking makes one six times morelikely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaultsthe tissues that line the mouth and throat. nh E!Pk  
A．detects       B．contaminates     C．occupies       D．attacks wT.V3G  
21．Most organisms must fit in withtheir surroundings because their skills to alter their environment arerestricted and highly specialized. H=yD}!j  
A．attach themselves to               B．succumb to c6lEWC:  
C．lean on                             D．adapt themselves to mIr{Wocx  
22．Instead of being recycled, garbageis left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spreadinfectious diseases. `*N0 Lbl]  
A．innocuous    B．gathering         C．filthy          D．inflammable. f}+G;a9Nj  
23．The prevalence of highlyintelligent devices has eliminated the handicaps associated with mostdisabilities b1 KiO2 E  
A．disadvantages     B．dispositions     C．disappointment    D．discomforts -D(UbkPw  
24．In general, lasers operate bycreating an intense amount of light and energy which is then convertedinto heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue. o oS4F1ta  
A．developed     B．reduced           C．transformed    D．decoded v-Br
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25．Shyness, the most common form ofsocial anxiety, occurs when a person's apprehensions are so great that they inhibithis making an expected or desired social response. liU=5BL  
A．discharge     B．trigger            C．restrain        D．defer atN`w=6A`  
26．The secret to turning a dailystroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace. Cu|n?Uk  
A．dilate         B．multiply         C．accelerate      D．enlarge R=9j+74U  
27．How many people know that the term “arthritis”may refer to dozens of defferent types of joint involvement? -6H)GK14b  
A．disorder      B．knuckle          C．dislocation     D．therapy tHu8|JrH+  
28．Amokers are more prone toosteoporosis, a major cause of fractures in old people, particularly post-menopausewomen. 0[hl&7 Ab@  
A．reliable       B．liable            C．reasonable     D．compatible JT:9"lmJz,  
29．The project was hampered bya constant stream of visitors. z5i!GJB  
A．held up      B．cut off           C．carried out    D．given up "1[N;|xa  
30．During the summer sessionthere will be a revised schedule of services for the university community. G UcuD^Fe  
A．term         B．climate           C．heat           D．portion  6f{c  
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Section A x[>A'.m@)  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. 5-C6;7%:  
31．An enormous number of people in theworld's poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation ______ v =u|D $  
A．capacities       B．facilities       C．authorities       D．warranties h{h=',o1  
32．Family-planing clinics give out ______advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families. $h$+EE!  
A．. insensitive     B．interrogative   C．contraceptive     D．communicative D &oC1  
33．Caffeine is the ______ drug thatwill just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus. /`'50Cj  
A．miracle          B．myth           C．trick             D．legend r[?rwc^  
34．Today investigators are still farfrom ______ a master map of the vasculature of the heart. !W3Le$aL  
A．constituting     B．decoding      C．drafting          D．encoding @*_K#3  
35．I have never seen a more caring, ______group of piople in my life. iF 6

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A．emotional       B．impersonal     C．compulsory       D．compassionate $ &^ ,(z9  
36．By the time I reached my residency,I ______ treated the patient as a whole human being.  Cn_Mz#Z  
A．yearned for      B．broke into     C．pass for          D．made for. $>BP}V33  
37．We now obtain more than two-thirdsprotein from animal resources, while our grandparents ______ only one-half fromanimal resources. )pvZM?  
A．originated       B．digested        C．deprived          D．derived @lJGdp  
38．Obesity carries an increased riskof ______. m?m,w$K  
A．mortality       B．mobility      C．longevity        D．maternity N7M^  
39．The best exercise should requirecontinuous ______, rather than frequent stops and starts. QUe.vb^O  
A．compassion     B．acceleration   C．frustration       D．exertion +g.WO5A  
40．Environmental officials insist thatsomething be done to ______ acid rain. cKxJeM07  
A．curb            B．sue            C．detoxify          D．condemn kNjbpCE\!  
Section B M9N|Ql  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. &=/.$i-w$  
41．It would be wildly optimistic tobelieve that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland. :J<S-d=  
A．take in         B．make up       C．cut down        D．bring about 6-JnT_  
42．To begin with, it is impossible to comeup with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappymarriage. x7*}4>|W,I  
A．explain         B．oppose        C．represent        D．propose iA< EJ  
43．Politicians often use emotionalrather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions andideas. d 6L(Q(:s  
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A．applicable       B．favorable       C．sensitive         D．reasonable 8=SNLO  
44．Tests are one way for a teacher to assesshow much a student has learned.  <Nw?9P  
A．observe          B．appraise        C．appreciate         D．induce #uH1!UQb  
45．Through live television, the worldis now able to witness historical events as they happen. #?-W.  
A．reserve          B．confirm         C．perceive           D．transmit y.~5n[W  
46．Most experts say that the new taxplan will have a negligible effect on the country's economic problems. jt]+(sx  
A．indefinite        B．indispensable      C．infinite           D．insignificant ~f@;.  
47．I don't know how you could have leftout the most important fact of all. ogPfz/ hw  
A．omitted          B．fabricated      C．pinpointed        D．embraced p"X\]g^jA>  
48．Family and cultural beliefs and normsare important predictors of health-seeking behavior. G%>[I6G  
A．formulations    B．standards      C．principles.       D．notions #._!.P  
49．There must be a systematic approachto retrieving notes and analyzing them. Npu;f>g0_  
A．regain            B．relieving        C．reversing         D．rectifying 7_{x '#7  
50．To study the distribution ofdisease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map. jK{C jfCNz  
A．mark            B．allocate       C．erase             D．pose ~{N|("nB  
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Part ⅡVocabulary(10%) 1'g?B `  
Section A N-NwGD{  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. &B3kzs  
31．Sometimes you can get quite ______when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. z1"UF4x*  
A．frustrated         B．depressed         C．approved         D．distracted vCi:cIp/  
32．The company has ______ itself to apolicy of equal opportunity for all. GY4yZa  
A．promised          B．committed         C．attributed        D．converted ZHB'^#b  
33．I haven't met anyone ______ the newtax plan. jb*#!m.l  
A．in honor of        B．in search of        C．in place of        D．in favor of vWgh?h/ot  
34．Salk won ______ as the scientistwho developed the world's first effective vaccine against polio. n_w,Ew,>5  
A．accomplishment                         B．qualification M r&]RTEE  
C．eminence                                D．patent U?}Maf  
35．This software can be ______ to theneeds of each customer. 69L s"e  
A．tailored           B．administrated      C．entailed          D．accustomed T^Z#x-Q  
36．The average commercial business canshut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn't dare, for lives are ______ p3Gj=G  
A．in circulation      B．under consideration C．on hand          D．at stake w}E?FEe.  
37．As we need plain, ______ food forthe body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. )WzCUYE1/  
A．wholesome       B．diet              C．tasteful          D．edible H37Z\x
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38．He never gave much thought to the additionalkilorams he had ______ lately. bM!`C|,[s  
A．shown up         B．piled up          C．put on           D．taken on |W::\yu6  
39．The teacher tried hard to read ______handwriting in her students's test papers. (+>n/I6  
A．irregular          B．illiterate         C．illegible          D．irrational A+dY~@*a  
40．A coronary disease is thewidely-used term ______ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart. GC{Ys |s  
A．denoting          B．donating          C．relating          D．resorting bb<Vh2b>R  
Section B 5<S1,u5  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. AfY(+w6!K  
41．Humans are using up the world'snatural riches at an alarming rate. 'IgtBd|K>  
A．appalling         B．appealing         C．alert             D．abnormal ,`w
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42．Dring water in many areas of thedeveloping world is contaminated with bacteria． g>Z1ZK0;M  
A．purified           B．multiplied         C．tainted           D．blended QO%LSRw  
43．One of the most noticeable featuresof U. S society is the diversity of its people. ]A\n>Z!;  
A．liberty             B．democracy        C．variety           D．origin WRnUF[y+)  
44．The controversy aboutabortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twentyyears. !l&lb]Vcz  
A．resentment        B．consensus          C．notion            D．dispute aCTVY1  
45．As human settlement advance, thetropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. Z
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A．retrieving         B．sprawling         C．consuming       D．withdrawing q8p 'bibY  
46．The war's impact on the populationof the country was catastrophic. (Hsf
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A．influential        B．disastrous         C．apparent         D．criticala 6$zUFIk  
47．His physican told him that not totake much of the drug because it was very potent. N Lo>"<Xb  
A．bitter             B．irritant            C．effective         D．powerful ''(T3;^ +  
48．Certain drugs can cause transientside effects, such as sleepiness. 'dg OE  
A．permanent         B．residual.      C．irreversible       D．fleeting (O&b:D/Y  
49．Nervous illness may stem frombeing treated inconsiderately in childhood. ~p8!
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A．complain of       B．give rise to       C．originate in       D．dominate over Qejzp/2  
50．Both a person's heredity and hissurroundings help to shape his chacter. 4ASc`w*0  
A．form              B．correct             C．modify           D．improve RS93_F8   
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Section A f{vnZ|WD  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. > vahj,CZZ  
31．All the characters in the play are ______. B.{yf4a#L  
A．imaginable      B．imaginary        C．imaginative       D．imagining }X`K3sk2/z  
32．The judge           all the charges against Smith. )i?wBxq'MA  
A．dismissed            B．eliminated      C．refused           D． discarded y
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33．The actress ______ the terms of hercontract and was prosecuted by the producer. 'tdjPdw  
A．ignored               B．ratified          C．drafted              D．violated `yf#(YP  
34．At this time of the year,university admission offices are ______ with inquires from anxious applicants. ?>w%Lg{L}  
A．annoyed            B．thrilled         C． trampled          D．reproached yNqrL?i  
35．When the former president ______her candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of being elected. v3[ 2!UXq  
A．enforced            B．endorsed          C．follow up          D．put forward 7y60-6r  
36．The country's highest medal was ______upon him for heroism. S |B7HS5  
A．earned            B．bestowed            C．credited            D．granted #]Cr zLe  
37．The local government leaders aremaking every effort to ______ the problem of poverty. !]"T`^5,Y  
A．tackle             B．taper            C．suppress           D．tangle :${Lm&J  
38．At the party we found that the shygirl ______ her mother all the time. Bp b_y;E  
A．harmonizing with                             B．clinging to K}*s^*X  
C．depending on                                 D．adjusting to z7GLpTa  
39．We managed to reach the top of themountain, and half an hour later we began to ______. 6.k2,C4dT<  
A．decline               B．ascend             C．descend              D．plunge ?{+}gS^  
40．Losing the job was bad, but evenworse was the feeling that I had ______ my dear wife and children. p{88v3b6  
A．let alone          B．let down        C．let off          D．let up -ERDWY  
Section B ;8ugI  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. O* 7"Q&  
41．The temperature of the atmospherebecomes colder as elevation increase. mH;\z;lyK  
A．altitude             B．aptitude          C．latitude          D．longitude 5Zh /D0!|  
42．She was so stubborn that shewouldn't change her opinions. []'BrG)!  
A．unwilling            B．talented           C．obstinate            D．determined 5I@< 6S&X  
43．On Christmas Eve, she spent twohours decorating the room with flower chains. pvcD 61,  
A．modifying            B．ornamenting        C．disposing             D．packing w%`7,du|  
4D0"Y#&G  
44．Nobody can stand for long agonyof a severe toothache. 8*lVO2  
A．sufferance      B．suppuration        C．plague                 D．torment HD$W\P  
45．When we recall a story of identicaloffspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged. `2}Mz9m k  
A．enlightened      B．calmed              C．provoked              D．moved l+R Be<Mq  
46．Only native-born citizens are eligiblefor the US.presidency. r IY_1  
A．obliged         B．intelligible          C．competent            D．qualified Ij4oH  
47．Tomorrow's match has been calledoff because of the foul weather. EW|bs#l  
A．prevented          B．delayed            C．cancelled            D．forbidden h>q&X4-  
48．Losing his job was a financial catastrophefor his family. L`tr7EEr  
A．calamity           B．accident          C．frustration          D．depression 8|HuxE  
49．Children were expected to be obedientand contribute to the well-being of the family. (xy/:i".V  
A．smart           B．efficient          C．painstaking         D．submissive zcy!Y B  
50．While many applaud the increasingindividualism and freedom of children within the family, others lamentthe loss of family responsibility and discipline. E& /#Ov  
A．mourn             B．delight           C．prosecute           D．condemn j0>Q:hn  
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