考博英语语法重点总结 eLORG(;h4
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 {nUmlP=mS
独立主格特征 U,v`md@PX
1. 充当句子的状语。 R=E4Sh
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 { >izfG, \
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 5 0-7L,
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） - bOtF%
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. qp6'n&^&
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ArAe=m!u
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). ~( XaXu
真题剖析 %po;ih$jr*
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. .u#Hg'o P
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because p19(>|$J
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. +[uh);vD`G
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be *v K~t|z
虚拟语气 p qpsa'
虚拟语气（2） > TCi t1yD
1. （should）+动词原形 l9eTghLi
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 !w%c= V]tV
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 fcF |
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 FO^6c
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 WR#h~N
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 W? 4:sLC#3
would rather +动词过去式 9H4"=!AAgD
真题剖析 O*?^a7Z)4
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … AU`z.Isf
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t I
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Y1sK sdV
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 0
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take XZ@+aG_%q
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. URm< Ji
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ",gVo\^
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should }6%\/d1~ 6
非谓语动词 ]Bf1p
动名词、分词、不定式。 VM<0_R24z
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ,D` jlY-1l
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ^znUf4N1
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 &glh >9:G
真题剖析 Y_y!$jd(N
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. %{r3"Q=;W
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops [Fag\/Y+
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 1:T"jsWw
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative yc7b%T*Y
主谓一致 '*Dp2Y {7
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 *(r9c(x a
How you got there doesn’t concern me. z0ufLxq
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 3A"TpR4f`
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ynMYf
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. hC<E 4+5.,
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ip'{@1L
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 NkGtZ.!pk
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Er@x
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 F)eP55C6
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. m !<FlEkN
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ^5~x*=_
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ='kCY}dkO
He no less than John is interested in literature. p%bMfi*T
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) &*O'qOO<2
Either my father or my brothers are coming. P;gd!Yl<-
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 a|t{1]^w`
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
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真题剖析 B !)9
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ! JDuVqW
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some .@ ;5"
倒装 q%A>q ;l:
全部倒装 Rd;t}E$
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ?@MY +r_G
There stand big buildings in this district. `]19}GK~xo
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. n3U|
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) JC Z &TK
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ,:-^O #
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 7bGt'gvv
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. (C`nBiL<
4. 表语位于句首 Mt{cX,DS
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. Eoo[H2=^H
Not far from here is a famous university. EX W?)_pg
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 J-
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. "<&o
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ib]<;t
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） i6;rh -M?.
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. T2|<YJ =
部分倒装 @\-*aS_8>
1. 疑问句 0f+]I=1\
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） ,gkWks l9
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. <A\g* ld
3. “only+状语”位于句首 = K`]cEL
Only when he comes back can be leave. GV9pet89yu
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 %2G3+T8*x
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. lY[1P |]
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) NY[48H
By no means should you break the rules. FY+@fy
At no time should we give in to difficulties. <P Vmr2Jp"
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) VF7H0XR/k5
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” l,b_'
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. n 2F*a
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. %a-fxV[
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