考博英语语法重点总结 Na]IT CVR
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 y s)
独立主格特征 EAh|$ ~X
1. 充当句子的状语。 O*2{V]Y
@
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 3 p -SpUvp
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 )-XD=
]
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） )4o k@^.
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. JFu.o8[Q
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
!#1UTa
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). hey/#GC*
真题剖析 Mu.t q~b >
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. $Q|6W &?[;
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because SA"4|#3>7
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. }WR@%)7ay
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be zzC{I@b
虚拟语气 +pv..\
虚拟语气（2） 1JS5 LS
1. （should）+动词原形 ](+u'8
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 E)'T;%
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 C:!&g~{cKi
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 (h&=N a~
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 v&])D/ a
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
1[Q~&Q
C
would rather +动词过去式 f'j<v
真题剖析 `)i4ZmE|
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …
* P12d
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ;%AY#b4m
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. U
d+6 =Us{
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded O/l/$pe
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. - ADb5-
px
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Bgs U:eKe
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Z1\=d =
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) &61h*
s
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should B I >r'
非谓语动词 :9|CpC`.
动名词、分词、不定式。 I_`$$-|
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) m.yt?`
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)
SG)|4$"
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。
6(B[(Af
真题剖析 7$kTeKiP
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. tY`%vI [
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops r#mH[|@W~
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. .UUT@
w?
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative
\uOR1z
主谓一致 _y9NDLRs8
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 hIo ^/_K
How you got there doesn’t concern me. )5<c8lzp
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ZY)&Fam}
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Ye\ &_w"
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. :W[d&e
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 U5;Y o+z
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 9,wU[=. 0
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). j2%M-y4E
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 m>^#:JK
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. s WMY
Lo
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) _lZWy$rm%
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） KD8,a+GL
He no less than John is interested in literature. TxmK mZ u
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) !@f!4n.e|I
Either my father or my brothers are coming. :w26d-QR(
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 + {&++^(}a
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. g$9s} \6B
真题剖析 cD 9axlJ
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. `;3fnTI:1
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some PLQLGb4f_;
倒装 2 ~! +EH
全部倒装 O`'r:&#W
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” % g=SkQ&d
There stand big buildings in this district. b,-qy JW6
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. gP>`DPgb^
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)
mI3
\
n
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. >WYradLUi
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ]"-c?%L
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. vUgMfy&
4. 表语位于句首 y[I)hSD =
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. o_on/{qz
Not far from here is a famous university. vjO@"2YEw
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 GGkU $qp2~
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. (2p <I)t
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. H +F>#
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） VL| q `n
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. RP ~ hi%A
部分倒装 Ig"Qw vR
1. 疑问句 <~R{U> zO
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） m}o4Vr;"
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. h SF4-Vvb
3. “only+状语”位于句首 ;A;FR3=)
Only when he comes back can be leave. l"1at eM3
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 }q D0-
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. VVDd39q
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) "=3bL>\ <
By no means should you break the rules. IH$ZPux
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Eu1t*>ZL
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) & ( i_s
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” \9`76*X6
c
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 0m
7_#g4$L
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. m9 D' yXZ
IA zi:ct
dxK3462
