考博英语语法重点总结 ZiaFByLy
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 8Qkwg]X
独立主格特征 o$ }$Z&LK
1. 充当句子的状语。 b.)jJLWv@
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 v <| iN#
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Ir5E*op7D
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） e&Z ?I2J
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. SkU9iW(k
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 81)i>]
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle).
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真题剖析 P|;f>*^Y
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 58o&Dv6?
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because }CrWm Ju0
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. +zl [C
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 5B
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虚拟语气 FbW$H ]C$
虚拟语气（2） ~/2 OK!M
1. （should）+动词原形 | j cIn[)=
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 G
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 iaRCV 6cl
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 r<Q0zKW!jN
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 7{NH;U
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 g q} c
would rather +动词过去式 gy"<[N
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真题剖析 C8}
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … nB4+*=$E+-
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t caV DV
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ?0lz!Nq'S
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded &{ZUY3
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. y-"QY[
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take }R_R w:W
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. BW"24JhF"
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) v'r)d-T
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should eAG)+b
非谓语动词 \(r$f!`
动名词、分词、不定式。 7&w |
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) #RHt;SFx
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ]oC"gWDYu
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 @R (Op|9
真题剖析 i4&V+h"
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. -x|!?u5F
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops f85~[3
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. #)O^aac29
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative z|\n^ZK=
主谓一致 |f(*R _R
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 dEW= V"W
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 3jHg9M23[^
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. d
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Oz
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. VCvf'$4(X
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 t]?{"O1rC
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 08! _B\
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). xC}' "``s
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 !T
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. [8%q@6[
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) eBY/Y6 R
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） n~tb z"&
He no less than John is interested in literature. $8SSu|O+ x
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) b~@+6 ?
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 0G2Y_A&e**
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 .tQ(q=#
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ]q4(%Q
真题剖析 }w-M .
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 16 \)C/*
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some q?@*
倒装 R.v
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全部倒装 %s^1 de
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 5)5yH bS
There stand big buildings in this district. yrl7
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. B<n[yiJ}
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Sw5:T
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 69apTx
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. {J,4g:4G
4. 表语位于句首 aAG']y
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. EuImj#Zl
Not far from here is a famous university. #f/4%|t:
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 (: ?bQA'Td
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. NJV kn~<
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. #
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6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 8eYEi
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. r/"^{0;F{W
部分倒装 kqxq'Aq)d
1. 疑问句 j+{cc: h"X
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） |5X59!
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. T?6<1nU)
3. “only+状语”位于句首 5 6.JB BZZ
Only when he comes back can be leave. O:pg+o&
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 z!18Jh
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. AXSip
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Un,'a8>V`
By no means should you break the rules. ^;.u }W
At no time should we give in to difficulties. D
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) $!y^t $u$@
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 4cM0f,nc+
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. O8_! !Qd
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. :FtV~^Z
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