主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all",他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。 s;OGb{H7
引导主语从句的连词主要有: lK=Is
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从属代词:that whether ^:{8z;w!(
连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever *zrGrk:l
连接副词:when where how why .T9$O]:o
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主语从句例句图片 A4,{ep'Z!
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中文名:主语从句 HRyFjAR\?
外文名:Subject clause _HHvL=
解释:合句中充当主语成分的句子 MRt"
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从属代词:that whether
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dot主语从句 LRu,_2"
定义 $UH:r
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 2@ZVEN
第一部分 w/*G!o-<
常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 k5Cy/gR
主语从句是名词性从句,所以它的时态受主句的影响。 "Wg,]$IvU
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. $VHIU1JjZ
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. 2X\Pw
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. wPM>-F
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. >g{&Qx`&
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown. t<` As6}
(6)Whatever you did is right. v
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(7)Who the watch belongs to is unknown. 6U ! P8q
(8)What we need is time. vWoppt
(9)What we need are good doctors. @6'~RD.
名词性从句的时态规则: 5FR#CQ
1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。 `CVkjLiy
I wonder what he is doing now. hEB5=~A_
Do you know when and where he was born? Np+PUu>
I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him. P5?VrZy
2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。 BFW b0;+
(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。 }8 z:L<
I thought that he studied hard. /3aW 0/^o
He told me his son was watching TV. u$R5Q{H_
(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。 i=#`7pt%'a
He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao. <{cY2cx~3
(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。 o^~ZXF}
They told me they had waited for me half an hour. U&#`
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(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。 ikc1,o
She told me her brother died in 1945. P_5aHeiJ
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3)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。 `w
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(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。 `TJhH<z"%
The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east. {C5:as
He said Asia is the largest continent. 2%WeB/)9
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. Y|LL]@Lv
(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。 72Bc0Wg
She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning. cIw X sx
He asked me when the train usually starts. ,<L4tp+y0
(3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。 mj'~-$5T
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(4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。 f D
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He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time. ^rJTlh
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She told me the other day that she is only 10. I]eeV+U8W
(5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。 G K~A,Miqk
He said he will wait for me this evening. : 2%eh
小结: ouCh2Y/_
(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 sX6\AYF1M
(2)连词位于句首不能省略 p'LLzc##
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9) lknj/i5L
注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。 }'Ap@4
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第二部分 s7yKxg+`{
为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 JYNnzgd
(1)It is certain that he will win the match. ^
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(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. H%m^8yW1
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. VJ-t#q"
(4)It is strange that he should do that. z#RwgSPw6
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting. 5(#z)T
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. HAE$Np|>a
(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. w@2NXcmw
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. I;jH'._k#
(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) 2A
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. RQ|K?^k
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(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. ^Vth;!o
(12)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) o&q:b9T
小结: OkQ<
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(1)为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句。 It+形式主语谓语+从句。 d^?e*USh
(2)由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式,形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式. I@N/Y{y#
dot用法 .vmCKZ
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。 2|!jst
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一.主语从句 O:V.;q2]U
主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 S5m.oHJI*
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 @pvQci
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 BThrv$D}
①主语从句常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如: Y]&2E/oc
It is still a question whether she will come or not. 3KD:JKn^
It is strange that you should like him. ]$)};8;7W
It is still unknown which team will win the match. aQWg?,Ju6
另外,还有一些比较多见的结构: /$qB&OWJn
It turned out that……; "5,Cy3
It has been proved that……; o 8^!wGY
It happened/occurred that……; 9Z2a
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It is well-known that……等等 hNcEBSQ
②而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 ywjD.od"v
强调主语:It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 v{SYz<(
强调宾语:It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us. U z)G Y
强调状语:It was in shanghai that I saw the film. !M6Km(>
判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。 @MH/efW.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 tpV61L
(1) It is +名词+that从句 )Zyw^KN^
It is a fact that … 事实是…… %[?{H} y
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 I7#+B1t
It is common knowledge that …是常识 }N3Ur~X\
(2) it is +形容词+that从句 "y .(E7 6
It is natural that… 很自然…… hG/Z
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It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… vdulrnGqL
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句 y5V]uQSD
It seems that… 似乎…… Wf
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It happened that… 碰巧…… wGpw+O
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句 4
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It is reported that… 据报道…… g5~1uU$O
It has been proved that… 已证实…… !B*d,_9c
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 JA?P jo
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 WkY>--^
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: j0K}nS\ P
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. jDM^e4U.l
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: z9*7fT
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. Xn8r3Nb$A
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: \CE8S+Z%
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.. J3=^+/g
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: yu62$d
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? d\aU rsPn
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 X
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What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: Q2/ZO2
What you said yesterday is right. 7L&=z$U@m
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二:宾语从句用以区分主语从句的几个特征: 8CKI9
1、引导词:what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where e|ngnkf(G
2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。(名词性从句都是陈述语序) 3 aG?^z
如:I think that you must work harder. eu|cQ^>
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。 "(rG5z3P
补充:从句的语序永远是陈述句。 f#UT~/~bL2