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主题 : 主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子
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楼主  发表于: 2015-05-08   

主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子

主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all",他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。 IApT'QNM  
引导主语从句的连词主要有: /DFV$+9  
从属代词:that whether O l@ _(U  
连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever u?H 2%hD  
连接副词:when where how why ]N)DS+V/  
Z|m`7xeCy  
主语从句例句图片 ]7YNI S  
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中文名:主语从句 iz^qR={bW  
外文名:Subject clause yW7'?  
解释:合句中充当主语成分的句子 3'I^lc  
从属代词:that  whether \Ad7 Gi~  
  ](0mjE04<d  
dot主语从句 %5'6Tj  
定义 hlbvt-C?}"  
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 J5p8nmb  
第一部分 .TB"eUy  
常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 $W 8Cf[a  
主语从句是名词性从句,所以它的时态受主句的影响。 ~2 *9 {  
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.  #@.-B,]  
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. S/A1RUt  
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. ixfdO\nU  
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. B|Wk?w.{r\  
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown.  ;/O#4]2*  
(6)Whatever you did is right. qv2!grp]*W  
(7)Who the watch belongs to is unknown. a$11PBi[9  
(8)What we need is time. [3/VCYje  
(9)What we need are good doctors. A$/\1282  
名词性从句的时态规则: XFwLz  
1)、主句谓语动词是现在或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何需要的时态。 ~eh0[mF^]  
  I wonder what he is doing now. ,I.WX,OR  
  Do you know when and where he was born? W#w.h33)#6  
  I'll write to tell him where I 'll meet him. JgRYljQi2  
2)、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时。 O~Wt600{E  
(1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。 n]Li->1  
  I thought that he studied hard. G%l u28}D  
  He told me his son was watching TV. W !}{$  
(2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。 1=}qBR#scY  
  He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao. cQj-+Tmu  
(3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。 &K+0xnUH  
  They told me they had waited for me half an hour. !c#]?b%  
(4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。 kJ:F *34e=  
  She told me her brother died in 1945. w(d>HHg  
/'.=sH  
  3)客观的条件,从句时态不受丝毫影响。 N 5zlT  
(1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。 [/ M^[p  
  The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east. {No L  
  He said Asia is the largest continent. &[mZ D,  
It was true that water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. :aLT0q!K  
(2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。 u"xJjS  
  She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning. y@V_g'  
  He asked me when the train usually starts. ^D^JzEy'?C  
(3)当从句是用来表达解释科技内容时时态不变。 z&8un% Jt  
  ..... QnouBrhO  
  (4)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。 az;Q"V'6  
  He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time. =DbY?Q<Q  
  She told me the other day that she is only 10. Z;Rp+ X  
(5)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。 HmmS(fU  
  He said he will wait for me this evening. 3uu~ p!2  
小结: &QX`NO 6  
(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 zh I#f 0c  
(2)连词位于句首不能省略 2aA`f7  
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(9)  _?vo U  
注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。 .9[45][FK  
Pl=]Srw  
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第二部分 S{Hx]\  
为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 p{)5k  
(1)It is certain that he will win the match. #%@*p,xh  
(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. nR>r2wMk@  
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.  ,B<l  
(4)It is strange that he should do that. q@5K6yE  
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting. HBE.F&C88  
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. e(F42;$$  
(7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. V ==z"  
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. I:V0Xxz5t  
(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) ~9\WFF/  
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. h0Z{,s}  
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. Syp"L;H8Em  
(12)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) +z9@:L  
小结: Hy"x  
(1)为避免头重脚轻,常以形式主语it引导从句。 It+形式主语谓语+从句。 ^taBG3P  
(2)由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式,形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式. HpEQEIvt  
dot用法 9~rUkHD  
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。 ajRSMcKb7i  
kPBV6 +d~  
一.主语从句 Y!q!5Crfi  
主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 g[>\4B9t  
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 _qqr5NU  
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 depYqYK7G  
①主语从句常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如: BG^C9*ZuP  
It is still a question whether she will come or not. x6afI<dm  
It is strange that you should like him. +bK.NcS  
It is still unknown which team will win the match. GSoZx0  
另外,还有一些比较多见的结构: 49Df?sx  
It turned out that……; 6<,dRn  
It has been proved that……; U`Jy!x2m  
It happened/occurred that……; )4?x5#  
It is well-known that……等等 ``,k5!a66\  
②而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 BYW^/B Y)  
强调主语:It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 Dlo xrdOY&  
强调宾语:It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us. VN0mDh?E  
强调状语:It was in shanghai that I saw the film. OX%MP!#KU  
判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。 o 47r<>t  
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 m|=Ecu  
(1) It is +名词+that从句 .*$OQA  
It is a fact that … 事实是…… _UE)*l m+  
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 q1y/x@  
It is common knowledge that …是常识 7:]Pl=:X  
(2) it is +形容词+that从句 q'oMAMf}  
It is natural that… 很自然…… 8,O33qw H  
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… j` E +qk  
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句 S~qZr  
It seems that… 似乎…… s%iOUL2/  
It happened that… 碰巧…… Z3 ;!l  
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句 (vR 9H(#  
It is reported that… 据报道…… r4x3$M c  
It has been proved that… 已证实…… L.xZ_ 6  
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 =S [yE]v^  
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 ?::NO Dg  
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: =O _ z(  
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. 3$vRW.c\q  
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: @4%L36k  
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. x?x`oirh  
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: S1n3(U:m  
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.. }],Z;:  
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: *BD=O@  
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? : "6q,W  
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 $d+DDm1o  
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: %CZ-r"A  
What you said yesterday is right. TUL _TR  
.*=]gZ$IE  
二:宾语从句用以区分主语从句的几个特征: < `qRA]  
1、引导词:what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where EG'[`<*h  
2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。(名词性从句都是陈述语序) )oo~m\`  
如:I think that you must work harder. _FbC{yI8;  
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。 |eoid?=  
补充:从句的语序永远是陈述句。 Zn:R PMk*  
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