医学博士英语写作总结 +l.|kkZ?
Ym:
{Mm=ud
一、原则与要求:不直译原文,抓主要论点,果断舍弃次要内容,突出新点,论点清晰,主要写中长句子!!2-5个长句!不写或少写短句!!一般真题范例在10-15句左右。 I)rGOda{
&8wa ih(|
二、现场写作技巧 4XD)E&
y 3IA '
①划线,划出实质性,实词性句子。②翻译标题,有标题就译,没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题,首尾呼应。 s{cKBau
AX8gij
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 @7 )Z
| yS5[?.`
1.下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall;上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase; 2q/nAQ+
=p5?+3"@
2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; .B6`OX&k
yS+(<
3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; j=FMYd8$y
0n\^$WY
4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; \Oz,Qzr|
xJN |w\&
5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system kpl~/i`4
xnT3^ #-h
6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care,服务体系service system; T.J`S
(oI
y#&$f
7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene;个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene uXjoGcW
FPvuzBJ
8.lite清淡的;protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食; lt{lH
at1
BXNI(7xi
9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 +
:fqL
C2CYIok$&
10.人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病, (D0C#<4P
'`9%'f)
11.虫媒insect pollination;虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease: fS5GICx8R
>_&~!Y.Z=
12.肾病综合征:nephrotic/renal syndrome; :a#
F
AQB1gzE
13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热; zhuyePn
rny@n^F
14.爆发流行:break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion D/gd
.Ln;m8
15.传染:infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable; J"/JRn
7bA4P*
communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; $?[1#%
Ko1AaX(I'+
communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 #=`FM:WH
bc
`UA
16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 2=igS#h
8FxcI!A@
17.传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation /d{glOk
=#OHxM
18.污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 'dmp4VT3
v9Z lNA7m!
19.福祉 well-being, happiness; 5u'TmLuKT
mgJShn8]
20.衰老grow old;aging;consenescence;senility;senile % MfGVx}nG
l84h%,
21.from bad to worse每况愈下;akin to=similar to 相似的;Purulent脓的,化脓的 j~+[uzW98
Z-
N-9E
22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension Fv?R\`52u
GOv92$e
23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon;亚健康 sub-health `U{o:
NWo7wVwc/c
24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork 1VhoJGH;C
(t]lP/
25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years '_q: vj
X
?;0nJf
26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health jw:4fb
JVJ1
Ay/be
27.分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. 6MLN>)t
w\"n!^ms
28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations; hRuo,FS#:
z;fd#N:
基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle; gFWEodx,9
dO 1-c`
29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 Pe+ 8~0o=R
;
McIxvj
30.民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people;合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; <F#*:Re_y
ooLnJY#
31.死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from +E q~X=x
3<zTkI
The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. D&z'tf5
_SBp66
r
There have been more deaths from drowning. #.\,y>`
LH3N}J({
How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少? ;+r) j"W
xY\*L:TwW
32.归结为 boil down to;come down to; gCk y(4
o-Q]Dk1W
归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; u/!mN2{Rd
YmO"EWb
归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 b2}QoJ@`
D<_,>{$gW
33.大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive;大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak 7/^TwNsv
LRCS)UBY(.
34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; 8CnI%_Su
}GoOE=rhY
因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; GqIvvnw@f
L6rs9su=7
孤立现象an isolated phenomenon; !dbA (
uwH)/BW)[
复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate; 0'q(XB`i=
?G>5 D`V
极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 9s\i(/RxW
H
z3 S^o7
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances; j quSR=
@KW+?maW
养老保险 endowment insurance; OO !S
w
:d%
-,v
退休养老金retirement pension; 6t7;}t]t
t5jhpPVf
Health Care Reform医疗改革 >Rki[SNb-b
hyvV%z Z
36.激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity; :WfB!4%!
}d~FTre
37.月经期menstrual period y9G 57D
O 44IH`SI
38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace >nIcFm
Sj{rvW
39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care 9Pob|UA
li_pM!dWU_
40.安乐死euthanasia; bhm~Ii
S~a:1
_Wl
41.得绝症的terminally ill; S4:\`L
o-;
E-U;8cOMv
42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care RkH oT^
W'2-3J
濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient ,?~UpsUx
SE}RP3dF!
43.Secondhand Smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ;AL@<,8
@#--dOWYR
d$pf[DJQo
]BQWA