长难句
Yn>zR I
第一节：非谓语动词 l,FoK76G
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe pG6-. F;
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. [ R >
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. P{eRDQ=
第二节：名词性从句 LDe VNVM
一 主语从句 %
eRwH
>
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. SWb5K0YRn
j*4S] !
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. =bWq 3aP)P
二 宾语从句 )`mF.87b&h
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. z|*6f FE
QV$dKjMS
2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. X.l"f'` l
三 表语从句 xm5FQ) T
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. tcEf
~|3
HF+fk*_Q
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. ?]D+H%3[$i
四 同位语从句 Z 4ov
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. %@93^q[\2
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. hX| UE
第三节：定语从句 {mnSTL`
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina 8/?u
U]#Q
F>kn:I"X)
RK:sQWG
country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. zMzf=~
1= 5'R/k
2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. GdeR#% z
第四节：状语从句 u|>U`[Zpj
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. :$Q]U2$mPS
V'f5-E0
2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. 1fhK {9#
第五节：并列结构 9hLmrYNM1
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. gc:p@<
oy2 d
A
2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. _B7?C:8Q-
第六节：强调结构 ? CW^*S o
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 2td|8 vDA
X.AWs=:-
1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 2N8sq( LK{
祈使句，不适用于"be"动词 V?V)&y] 4
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 {S"
3 强调部分提前
q'AnI$!
] V769B9
1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. 7- 3N
)
)6 9a
2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. GE8D3V;*V
CbH T #
uZ`d&CEh
第七节：比较结构 GKsL~;8"
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 =.f +}y
一、as…as…句型 >[%.h(h/%
（一）as…as…句型 CMxj X
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… #nf%ojh
和….一样”。 SL\y\G aV
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 rb}wv16?
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 77&^$JpM
（三）notsomuch…as…句型 pJ$N@I D
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 @F(3*5c_Y
（四）notsomuch as…句型 kG;eOp16R
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 pW3)Y5/D
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 "U5Ln2X{J
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 2 ) /k`Na
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 %X9:R'~ sP
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. \BbOljM=
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 ?;r8SowZ7
[`
zbf_RyO
三、more…than…句型
uR B)g
（一）more Athan B句型 8F` BJ6='
A比B多 w[,?- Xm
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 z7t'6Fy9'
是B而不是A ;*)fO? TG)
与其说A不如说B UP~ WP@0F
（二）morethan…句型 |? fW!y
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 /: Z~"Q*r
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 ;1R?9JN"
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 m_E[bDON
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 _,Rsl$Tk'
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 IB# iJ# ,
（三）nomore…than…句型 z3vs
z
1. nomore Athan B ) 4'x7Qg/
notAanymorethan B dxkRk#m f:
22a l
ax72e hL}
A不是B也不是 yS ixYt
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 >2| [EZ
!e:i B7<
1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. Z92iil;t
7|+ |\ 7l#
2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. V>FT~k_"
FU yB"-<
第八节：否定结构 |P ,zGy
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 WNn[L= f
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… .)"_Q/q
may (might)aswell… rP^TN^bd|
too…todo too…forn .pS&0gBo\
2 形式否定但意义肯定 -y&v9OC2-
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） k#axt
Sc
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 9 3W
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 W_[|X}lWP
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 KP[N uXA`
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. ?a'6EAErC
}}^,7n pU
1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. gk !E$NyE
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. B ~fSMB6h
YSR mt/
kz ZDtI)
第九节：倒装结构 h>}ax\h
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. K0w<[CO
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. A6Ghj{~
第十节：分裂结构 9R9__w;
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured.
f~w>v
NH7`5mF$
2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. aWyUu/g<A`
8F#osN
