长难句 y&UsSS
第一节：非谓语动词 y@F{pr+dA
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe 4XRVluD%W.
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. RJ`F2b sYN
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. O %OeYO69
第二节：名词性从句 `U (FdT
一 主语从句 KcHW>IBxdv
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. :V&#Oo
A," u~6Bn
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. q%nWBmPZ~y
二 宾语从句 Z \n
nVM=
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. _k&vW(O=:
H?PaN)_6-+
2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. 3qP!
(*
三 表语从句 ZjWI~"]
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. # }o*1
J%{>I
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. r+>gIX+Fl
四 同位语从句 NbH;@ R)L
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. H>% K}Fh
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. nw
f(`=TC
第三节：定语从句 ;tlvf?0!
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina 6YNd;,it>p
}get e'I
^8OK .iC
country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. .r 4 *?>
F P3{Rp
2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. ;r y~x:7L7
第四节：状语从句 XkDIP4v%
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. \(C6|-:GY
a[I
: ^S
2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. e w?4;
第五节：并列结构 k..AP<hH
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. f?W_/daP
3N257]
2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. \xG_q>1_
第六节：强调结构 f\xmv|8
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 VkFMr8@|
52ExRG S
1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 $O
3.ex V
祈使句，不适用于"be"动词 "zj[v1K9-A
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 [ n4nnmM
3 强调部分提前 [4w* <({*
DQ<4`wE M
1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. BMug 7 xl"
&+ "<ia(
2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. =WT&unw}
,.Lwtp,n
ulE5lG0c
第七节：比较结构 [;H-HpBaa
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 \HXq~Y
一、as…as…句型 ,p{naT%R
（一）as…as…句型 KRz~3yH{ c
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… .' }jd#
和….一样”。 ?r 0rY?
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 DkX^b: D*f
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 Q3Pu<j}Y
（三）notsomuch…as…句型 yDfH`]i)U
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 >"8;8Ev
（四）notsomuch as…句型 !B 4z U:d
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 Z#.1p'3qm1
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 9}%$j
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 t L3R<'
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 6@TU9AZS `
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. ,A'| Z
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 ~P#mvQE)
9w- )??
三、more…than…句型 =* G3Khz!
（一）more Athan B句型 ,VS(4
A比B多 FY^2 Y
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 eT+i &
是B而不是A ulxfxfd
与其说A不如说B OKAU*}_
（二）morethan…句型 +@=V}IO
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 s> m2qSu
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 ( I
BT|K
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 )O" E#%
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 T[ZmD{6l
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。
xRe`Duy :
（三）nomore…than…句型 &EqL F
1. nomore Athan B ])wdd> '
notAanymorethan B `p &[b]b
/kY9z~l
[
N|X
A不是B也不是 rz@q W 2
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 ID43s9
I )rO|
1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. }:m /@LKB
=SXdO)%2
2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. 0n{.96r0R
sq!$+
=1-X
第八节：否定结构 1Z ) Et,
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 x " {aO6M
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… `G qe]ZE#"
may (might)aswell… -B;# pTG
too…todo too…forn 6;Z -Y>\c
2 形式否定但意义肯定 5dm ~yQN/
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） ;cXw;$&D
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 cD0rU8x
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 } :0_%=)N<
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 K6kz{R%`
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. hZx&
j{
17
Ugz?
1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. ( zWBrCX
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. 6Ijt2c'A}
FJ_7<4ET
$fmTa02q>
第九节：倒装结构 (QDKw}O2b
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. ,U~A=bsa
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. lL}NiN-)t
第十节：分裂结构 )2&3 D"V
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. jE*{^+n
cUY-
2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. P_(8+)ud-
$aV62uNf
