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楼主发表于: 2015-11-30

正序阅读 ┊ 只看楼主 ┊ 小中大

2016考博英语改错模拟练习题及答案解析

The term biological clock is applied to the means which living __1__things adjust their activity patterns, without any obvious cue, the __2__　time of day, or the month, or the year. They are affected but little,if at all, by drugs, chemicals, or wide temperature differences—factors may alter substantially the rates of all ordinary processes of __3__the body.
　　The nature of the biological clocks mechanism is still a mystery __4__two quite different theories have been advanced to account to __5__them. According to the first of these theories, each individual have envolved, aided by natural selection, an adaptation to the rhythmic __6__environment. It has now become independent on the environment __7__according to this view, the clocks are not perfect timers.
　　They require regular corrections by the natural light and tide cycles and the changed lengths of the day throughout the year. __8__The other theory holds up living things react continuously to __9__their rhythmic physical environment. The setting of their biological clocks, therefore, involves a constant adjustment to subtle clocks which are potential perfect times. __10__

　　答案解析:
　　1.^which—by
　　by the means of 指“通过……方式”，如果吧means作为先行词，后面定语从句就要有by，这句话意思是“生物钟指的是生物调节其行为的方式”。
　　2.^the time – to
　　adjust A to B 指A适应B，这句指“在没有任何提示的情况下，是自己的行为方式适应外界的时间”。
　　3.factors^--which/ that
　　这是一个定语从句，修饰factors，which/that做主语不能省略。
　　4.clocks—clock’s
　　5.to(第二个)--for
　　account for意思是explain，为固定词组。
　　6.^an—as
　　这句话意思是“这些是由于对规律环境的适应进化而来的”。
　　7.on—of
　　be independent of 意思是“独立于……，不依赖……”
　　8.changed—changing
　　文章要表达的是“变化着的长度”，应该用现在分词。
　　9. up去掉或者将up改为that
　　hold本身就有“持……观点”的意思。
　　10. potential—potentially

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8楼发表于: 2015-11-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world it has two things in common with any infant, pro- __1__vided neither of them have been damaged in any way either be- __2__fore or during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, newborn children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing __3__the newborn child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from some other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive.

　　This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the capacity of many newborn animals to get on their feet __4__within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes __5__for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human infant they very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. __6__It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent on the others that is reveals the second fea- __7__ture which is shares with all other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason, biologists now suggest that language be “species-specific ” to the human race, that is __8__to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed __9__in such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies __10__that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color, and just as they are designed t stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as well-formed human beings.

　　答案解析：

　　1.and ^ infant 加入other。根据上下文，这里主要指的是与其他婴儿相比，不是与任何一个婴儿相比

　　2.have 改成has。Neither 后面跟单数形式。

　　3.pay attention改成draw/ attract/ call .这事一个用词不当的错误，应是引起别人注意的意思。

　　4.get on their feet on 改成to。 Get to their feet 指站立。

　　5.in risk 或 in risk 改成at或danger。这里可以有两种改法，改成at risk，或是in danger

　　6.fend for them 改成themselves。这里的主语与濒于同指young animals, 因此要用反身代词

　　7.on the others 删掉the ，这里指的是其他人，不是其他婴儿。

　　8.language be be改成is。这里suggest不指建议，他指的是提出(看法等)，因此不需要用动词原形

　　9.genetic 改成genetically。这里应该是个副词。

　　10.such ^ way 加入a。way 在这里是可数名词，因此要加入不定冠词。

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7楼发表于: 2015-11-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

Ismail Kadare, who was rewarded the Man Booker __1__international Prize for literature this year, is the first Alabanian writer to be taken notice in nearly 80 years. His classic novel, __2__The General of the Dead Army, is a meditation on the consequences of war, a hugely moved account of the meaning of duty and the __3__tragedy that blind obedience entails.It is early 1960s, nearly 20 years as the Second World War __4__ended. An Italian General, accompanied with a sinister priest __5__who is also Italian army colonel, is sent to Alabania to locate __6__

and collect the bones of his countrymen who had died during the War and return them for burial in their native land. They are armed with maps, lists, and other important informations such as __7__measurements, dental and other records of the missing personnel.The team tours the countryside, organizing digs and disinterment and, as they try to find the dead sons of forgotten families, they wonder at the sense and scale of their task. The General constantly talks to the priest who is accompanying them the futility of __8__war and the sheer meaningless of the whole enterprise.As they go deeper into the Alabanian countryside they find their footsteps follow, sometimes anticipated, by a fellow General __9__who is also looking for bodies—the bodies of German countrymen.

Like this Italian counterpart, the German too struggles in the remote countryside, against the cold and rain and the hostile terrain. It is a thankless job looking for the remains of dead “souls” merely to take them back home for a decent burial. Is it worthy the exercise? Isn’t __10__this a mistaken sense of national honor?

　　答案解析：

　　1. rewarded—awarded

　　award是“颁发;授予”之意，而reward做动词讲时是“给……报酬或者奖赏”

　　2. ^in—of

　　take notice of 给固定搭配，不可省略

　　3. moved—moving

　　动人的，用moving

　　4. as—since

　　“自从……起”应该用since

　　5.with—by

　　be accompanied by “由……陪伴”为固定搭配

　　6.^Italian—an

　　colonel 是可数名词单数，又在Italian之前，所以应该加上不定冠词an

　　7. informations—information

　　8.them^--about

　　talk about意思是谈论，为固定搭配

　　9.follow—followed

　　这里应该用过去分词，表被动

　　10. worthy—worth

　　worth 是“值;相等于……”而worthy和of 连用是“值得……的;足以……的”之意

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6楼发表于: 2015-11-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

Excessive calories from sugar can contribute to weight problems,and sugar is also well known for its ability to promote teeth __1__decay.Too many calories from fat have also taken their toll from the __2__public's health. In 1988, the U.S surgeon general issued a report linking high level of fat intake to an increased risk for obesity.Obesity is a risk factor for high bloody pressure, stroke, and __3__diabetes. Research has also shown a relationship between high levels of fat in the diet and cancer. In addiction, scientists have linked some types of fat to high blood cholesterol level,which must lead to heart disease. Such reports have prompted __4__health experts and nutritionists to recommend that adults and

children over age 2 not only watch their sugar intake but also to limit their fat intake to a maximum of 30% of their __5__complete calories. This has encouraged many people to turn __6__to products made with fat and sugar substitutes.Low-calorie sugar substitutes have been around for decades, but the recent trend in eating "light" has created a boom in this branch of food-technology research. Today, food chemists are seeking for better substitutes by modifying existing foods, __7__searching for new compounds in nature, and concoct entirely __8__new substances. But the research process is complicated by our

incomplete understanding of how the human body interacts with the chemicals we eat.For example, scientists do not already know exactly why some __9__substances taste sweet. Other questions involve the safe and __10__usefulness of artificial fats and sweeteners.

　　答案：

　　1.teeth--tooth

　　名词直接作前置修饰语的时候，应该用单数形式。

　　2.(toll)from--on

　　take one's toll on somebody/ something 的意思是“使得……受损失、对……产生不良影响”，如The terrible weather took its toll on my health。恶劣的天气对我的健康产生(不良)影响。

　　3.bloody--blood

　　bloody和blood都可以作为定语修饰名词，但是bloody的意思是“血腥的”。

　　4.must--may/can

　　这里上下文并没有必然的联系，所以用must是不恰当的，应该用比较弱的推测语气。

　　5.to(limit)--/

　　but also和前面的not only 构成并列结构，所以动词应该是不带to的不定式。

　　6.complete--total

　　原文的意思是“摄入的卡路里的总量”，表示数量上的总数应该用total，complete侧重表示程度，组成部分的完整性。

　　7.for--/

　　seek是及物动词，直接跟宾语，要和look for 区分开来。

　　8. concoct--concocting

　　动词concoct通过连词and和前面的modifying、searching并列，所以应该是-ing分词。

　　9.already--yet

　　这是一个否定句，所以应该用yet。

　　10.safe--safety

　　safe是形容词，它作为名词的意思是“保险箱”，所以应该改成safety。

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5楼发表于: 2015-11-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

Mars has provoked much speculation on the possibilities of __1__life on Earth than any other planet in the Solar System. __2__The presence of water is a prerequisite for the existing of life. __3__Therefore, “follow the water” has been NASA’s chief guideline for the exploration of a red planet. Although Mars experiences __4__seasons like on Earth and as polar caps which composed __5__of carbon dioxide and water ice, today it is bone-dry and frigidly cold. But evidence is rapidly accumulating that Mars is once __6__much wetter, with a more clement climate.This evidence comes from orbiting satellites and from data collected by roving landers.

　　Since the 1970s, space probes of Mars have revealed __7__numerous features apparent craved by flowing water, such as winding, branched valleys resembling driedout streambeds and giant outflow channels gouged by catastrophic floods.Recent high-resolution imagery from the Mars Odyssey Themis reveal numerous examples of branched valleys that from __8__tightly-packed integrated drainage system. These channels origins at topographic high points; the valleys widen “downstream”, __9__some even displaying inner valleys. The valley networks densities,comparative to those of terrestrial drainage basins. __10__These features were most likely produced by rainfall, during wetter, warmer periods in the past.

　　答案：

　　1、much—more 或much后加more 句法错误，后半部分出现了than，前半部分用比较级

　　2、on---beyond 词汇错误，“地球以外的生命”不因该用on。

　　3、existing—existence 此行混淆，“生命的存在”应用existence。

　　4、a---the

　　5、which去掉或which后加are，句法错误。

　　6、is---was 句法错误，时态错误。虽然主句的时态是现在进行时，但是从句中有时间状语once，所以用过去时。

　　7、of-----to 词汇错误，probe与to，into搭配。

　　8、reveal---reveals 主谓不一致。

　　9、origins-----originates 词性混淆。Origin是名词意思是“起源，由来”，动词形式为originate意思是“引起，起源”

　　10、comparative---comparable词汇错误。句意为：谷地网络呈现变种度量特征，包括与陆地流域盆地相似的网状密度。应用可比较的comparable。

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地下室发表于: 2015-11-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

American scientist say that they believe trees can warn each other of danger releasing chemicals into the air.__1__The theory was announced by the National Science__2__Foundation is the result of studies carried out by scientist in the states of Washington and New Hampshire. The scientists said they found that when trees are against attack by disease or insects, nearby__3__trees take the same offensive actions as the trees__4__being attacked. And they said it appears that the trees being attacked may produce and send out chemicals to warn the other trees. A United Nations' report says Asian countries are faced major environ-__5__mental problems. The report released in Bangkok said that parts of China, India, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan were threatened by man-made and natural__6__events that turn productive land into deserts. I said the most serious threat against the area is the rapid expansion of Asia's rain forests, or woods, especially__7__in Malaysia, the Philippine and Thailand. The report
said the reduction in woods areas have already led to __8__increased flooding, water shortages in the dry seasons and the loss of farm lands. A top UN official said that as much as 70% of the woods in Asia would be gone in__9__20 years unless actions are taken now to save it.__10__
　　答案及解析：
　　1. 在releasing前加by
　　用by引导releasing chemical into the air，作方式状语
　　2. 删除was或在was之前加which/that
　　或过去分词announced或用which/that was announced 做定语修饰the theory。The theory的谓语动词为is
　　3.against—under
　　习语(be)under attack，受攻击
　　4. offensive—defensive
　　根据常识，当生物收到外界的威胁时，也会进行自卫
　　5. faced—facing或在faced之后加with
　　动词face作“面临、应对”解时，有两种结构：被动态“主语+be+faced with+宾语”，主动态“主语+face+宾语”
　　6. were—are
　　报告的发布是在过去的某个时候，所以主语中的谓语动词发生在过去时，但报告的内容陈述的是一个事实，谓语动词应该是一般现在时
　　7. expansion—shrinking
　　与上文“可耕地变成沙漠”一样，亚洲的雨林面临快速减缩，而不可能扩大，而且下文中有the reduction in woods areas
　　8. have—has
　　主语为the reduction in woods areas
　　9. would—will
　　UN官员陈述的是一个完全可预见的事实
　　10. it—them
　　them指代the woods

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地板发表于: 2015-11-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

There are far too many road accidents in this country,too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame, drivers and pedestrians.__1__Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly with considering the state of the roads and the whole __2__transport system. In such crowed cities London,__3__Birmingham or Manchester, road conditions are so chaotic that both driver and pedestrian often endanger lives through no fault of their own. Such sufficiency__4__as too many road signs, faulty traffic lights, suddenly narrowing of the streets, congested parking are all a sure indication of bad road conditions. On the other hand, many experts are convincing that the larger__5__part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons alone: Drivers who drive too fast and without any consideration for others; drivers who think they are safe at the wheel as though they have drunk too__6__much alcohol; drivers, who out of some curious sense of power, are incapable of understanding that their car is a lethal weapon if is improperly used. Pedestrians, __7__ikewise, must share the guilt-stepping off the pavement without first looking to the left or right,crossing roads when the traffic lights are for them,__8__jump off a moving bus. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers__9__and road conditions are all to blame. One looks forward to the day when the motor-car has been replaced by some more dangerous means of transport.__10__

　　答案及解析:

　　1. and—or

　　根据上下文One wonders who are most to blame这一疑问，drivers和pedestrians其中之一需负责任

　　2. with—without

　　without引导一个条件状语从句：“如果不考虑路况和整个交通体系的话”

　　3. 在London前加as

　　such...as结构

　　4.sufficiency—deficiencies

　　deficiencies意义为一些“不足，缺陷”，下文列举的too many road signs, faulty traffic lights, suddenly narrowing of the streets, congested parking都是路况的不足和缺陷

　　5. convincing—convinced

　　下文that从句后列举司机和行人种种的违规的行为不得不使人信服(convinced)the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons alone

　　6. as—even或删除as

　　as though引导条件状语从句;even though引导让步状语从句，意义为“即使”，此处是“有些司机即使喝了很多酒，他们仍然认为自己能够把握住方向盘”

　　7. 去掉is或在is前加it

　　根据语法规则，有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主语的主语一致，那么常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语部分，特别是动词be省略掉

　　8. for—against

　　步行者应该承担责任的原因之一为交通信号灯不让他们穿越马路时他们却穿马路了

　　9. jump—jumping

　　jumping与上文的stepping off，crossing 并列和一致，应该用动名词

　　10. more—less

　　从上下文逻辑和意义判断

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板凳发表于: 2015-11-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

The Big Ben is very famous throughout the world, but nobody really knows the reason why it is called Big Ben. However, there are two stories may explain the reason. Some people say that it was __1__named Benjamin Caunt, a boxer, who was called Big Ben. __2__More people believe the name comes from a Welshman,Sir Benjamin Hall. __3__He commissioned the work in 1859. A story arose that, during a debate in House of Commons on what to call the bell, Sir Benjamin was about __4__to give his ideas that someone who sat behind the front bench shouted, __5__"Let's call it Big Ben!"

　　The history of the bell tower, since the beginning of its design, is by no means smooth, however. Due to disagreements about the clock's design, it takes fifteen years to build. In 1857, the structure was __6__completed and tested on the ground, but a four-foot crack appeared,and the bell had to cast again. Finally, the clock started ticking __7__on May 31,1859, and stroke its first chime on July 11. Then, in __8__September, the bell cracked again. It was silent for four years

but was eventually turned a quarter of a revolution. As a result,the crack was not under the striking hammer. Craftsmen made a square above the crack to stop it to cracking further and it can __9__still be seen today.

　　The Big Ben is famous not only for its thirteen-ton weight, but also for its accuracy, that is a result of its presise mechanism. __10__Even one extra penny's weight on the balance would cause a gain of two fifths of a second in twenty hours. Although there have been several problems, the bell still chimes today.

　　答案及解析:

　　1.^may--that/which

　　two stories 后面添加that/which。此处缺少关系代词，关系代词作may explain the reason的主语不能省略。

　　2.named^--after

　　根据上下文意思，这里是说大本钟是根据一个拳击手GenjaminCaunt的名字命名的，所以用固定搭配be named after。

　　3.comes--came

　　根据上下文的时态综合看来，这里是说过去的情况，所以要用一般过去时。

　　4.^House--the

　　House of Commoms是专有名词，前面需要定冠词。

　　5.that--when

　　根据上下文意思，此处是说当Sir Benjamin正要书哦自己的看法时，坐着第一排座位后面的某个人喊道：“我们就叫它大本钟好了。”事实上，此处句中的was about to已经给了我们提示，让人不禁想到be about to do sth.when 的习惯用法。

　　6.takes--took

　　这里还是时态上前后一致的问题。

　　7.^cast--be

　　此处需要的是被动态，“大本钟不得不被再次浇铸”

　　8.stroke--struck

　　此处的意思是大本钟“敲响”了，struck是原型动词strike的过去式，而stroke是动词原形，意思是“抚摸，轻抚”。

　　9.to--from

　　这里需要的意思是“阻止……的发生”，所以用固定搭配“stop...from doing...”

　　10.that--which

　　此处是非限定性定语从句，that不可以使用，要用关系代词which。

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沙发发表于: 2015-11-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

Illegal aliens are people living in the U.S.A with proper__1__authorization. Many entered the country by sneaking across the border. Others came on temporary student or visitor visas and did not leave until their visas were expired.__2__Most illegal aliens want to stay in the U.S.A. because employment opportunities are so much great than in their native country. Since illegal aliens try hard not to be discovered by the government, it is possible to get an __3__accurate count of them. Recent estimates ranged from __4__2.5 million to as high as 12 million. In 1986, the United States government adopted a new law affected illegal aliens— __5__the Immigration Refrom and Control Act. This law

was designed to accomplish two main goals:1) to allow illegal aliens who have been living in the country since __6__January, 1982 to gain legal status if they applied by May 4,1988; and 2) to encourage others from coming into or __7__

staying in the country illegally by making difficult for__8__undocumented people to find employment. The law prohibits American employers from hiring illegals and

providing for severe penalties—fines and even imprisonment—__9__if they do so. This new law has helped large number of__10__formerly illegal aliens to become legal residents. But it also forces employers to check on all prospective employees who look or sound foreign to be sure that they have documents allowing them to work. This may discourage some employers from hiring any immigrants.

　　答案及解析：

　　1. with—without

　　根据illegal aliens的定义，应该是people living in the U.S.A without proper authorization

　　2. until—when

　　从逻辑意义上来分析，是Others....did not leave when their visas were expired(当签证到期时他们也不离开美国)

　　3. possible—impossible

　　从上下文的说明判断，要弄清楚到底有多少非法居住在美国的外国人，或得一个确切的数据是完全不可能的

　　4. ranged之前加have

　　因为是指did not leave until their visas were expired. Recent estimates而不是以往的estimates

　　5. affected—affecting

　　此处相当于(a new law)which/that affect illegal aliens

　　6. have—had

　　用过去完成时，因为整个句子讨论的是过去的事，并且此处具体指country since

　　January, 1982 to gain legal status if they applied by May 4,1988

　　7. encourage—discourage

　　如果为encourage则与全文的逻辑和意义矛盾

　　8. 在difficult之前加it

　　making it difficult for undocumented people to find employment，其中it为形式宾语，实际宾语为不定式短语(for undocumented people)to find employment

　　9. providing—provides

　　provides for severe penalties与prohibits American employers from hiring illegals 为并列谓语，而不是与hiring illegals并列

　　10. number—numbers或在large之前加a

　　习惯为numbers of或a number of

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