2016考博英语作文范文大全

自学与教学 lBP?7`U  
Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay. or-k~1D  
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　　Whether we need a teacher or not depends on circumstances. The relationship between a teacher and a new subject is somewhat similar to that between a tour guide and an unknown city. \J:+Wl.9A  
　　When we come to an unknown city for the first time, we definitely need a tour guide. We might have a detailed map, but it is unlikely functional – it isn't surprised that we can hardly interpret those mysterious symbols. Likewise, when we are beginners, it is wise to learn with teachers. They can tell us where to begin with, what we should do, and which reference we should choose. When we confront difficulties, we can ask them for help, and their advices will always be tremendously helpful. With teachers' assistance, we might learn easier, faster, and more interestingly. tGOJ4 =  
　　After a period of time, we have learned a lot. We now know the city pretty well, even though there still are many places we haven't been. It doesn't matter. Now that we are able to recognize those mysterious symbols on the map, what we need perhaps is not a tour guide but a more detailed map. Similarly, we need richer references for learning. Yes, there are still many fields unexplored; they are, nevertheless, no longer puzzling. The task is simple: we will explore them one by one, little by little. If we are working on a certain skill, practice more; if we are preparing a test, practice more; whatever we are learning, just remember, like people always say, practice makes perfect. s(_z1  
　　After another period of time, we might have become others' tour guide, but we still want to know more. We want to know which restaurant is the most decent, which bookstore is the most professional, which coffee shop is the most classical. Even the most comprehensive map doesn't have adequate information. We again need experts. In learning, it's much the same. We need experts to consult for specific problems. Furthermore, the most beneficial merit of consulting experts is that we can not merely refer to them but even discuss with them in depth. As is often the case, a solution for a complex matter is not waiting for us right there and then, sometimes it comes out of inspirations of discussion. 1F.._5_"]  
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　　In short, having a good teacher is always better than having none, but the importance of a teacher varies from period to period, from stage to stage. fBX@ MedC  

衣服影响人们的行为举止 f)vnm*&-  
　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behave differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer. aVr(*s;/  
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　　It seems that people do sometimes behave differently when they wear different clothes. For example, a well-dressed man seldom spits at random, a woman in glorious dresses is more likely to talk in a gentle tone, and a clean dressed child seems quiet than others. It might be explained that different dresses give people different self-images, and most people subconsciously behave according to their own self-images. Equally sensible is another factor, that is, all too often people regard a person differently according to her dresses. Therefore, people might behave differently when they wear different clothes because they are treated differently. / 8O=3  
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　　Also, appropriate dresses do help a lot in certain circumstances. It is not difficult to imagine that a doctor with a casual suit instead of his formal one will certainly make her patients nervous, for doctors in working hours are always supposed to be in white suits. An applicant in her first interview will be naturally accompanied with great mental tension. If she was well-dressed, by “well” we do not mean expensively or gloriously, we mean “neatly”, she would appear more self-confident and or even be self-confident in deed. N/>:})dav  
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　　Yet merely a suit itself can contribute little. In fact, people’s behaviors inevitably reflect their very nature. A poor gentleman dressed in rags is still a gentleman. He knows the essential principles that a civilized individual must observe, he knows fundamental moral disciplines which an educated individual must follow. A parvenu on the other hand, will finally find out the fact that his exorbitantly dear dresses is of no use to make him a gentleman, and he even eventually fail to make him look like a gentleman. Maybe those are right who said it takes at least three generations to cultivate a gentleman. jhRr!  
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　　In a word, I do not believe that clothes can essentially make people different, even though they might sometimes seemingly do. iB99.,o-&  

男孩和女孩应该上不同的学校吗？ %4` U' j  
In my country, China, people live in a culture where young boys and girls should never say love to each other. Moreover, it is absolutely a shame that such affairs happen in campus. To avoid alleged shames, some people assert that boys and girls should attend separate schools. %qsl<
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　　The point is, is there anything wrong when a little boy says 'I love you' to a little girl? Gone are the days when 'love' was a forbidden word in our culture, it has now, nevertheless, actually quite different connotations from that of the word in western society. People in Hollywood movies often say 'I love you' to almost every one naturally, readily and easily, including friends, family members, partners in work, even an unknown taxi driver! But in China, not surprisingly, many people have never said 'I love you' to their parents, even seldom to their mates or children. 'Love', in Chinese word, does today carry subtle connotations related to immoral affairs. It seems not a question of is there anything wrong, but a question of there must be something wrong if a teenager dares to say anything about 'love!' .~ uKr^%  
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　　Even if there must be something wrong when a teenager falls into love, is it something that so appalling even evil that we adults have to prevent or even fight? Did we ever discover any prudent evidence which clearly prove it really is something bad? Hardly. It is in fact quite natural that a little boy admires a beautiful girl or a little girl feels a smart boy appealing. And such emotions do not harm anything. Alleged 'premature love' simply is a nonexistent concept invented by ignorance. Girls and boys actually do not even know what love is! Perhaps they merely imitate behaviors of adults around them. What we adults should do is not to make them believe 'love' is evil, but is to teach them what true love really means. Regrettably, those adults never realize that they actually fail to assume their responsibility, but presumptuously believe they are capable of eliminating love among boys and girls by separating them into different school. It will never work. S/*\j7cj  
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　　Separate school once was an evil sign of discrimination of women, but today reemerges to prevent 'love affairs' among teenagers – a high school in Beijing recently announced that it has already separated girls from boys into different classes. I can hardly imagine any benefit that such a scheme could produce except for further distortions of teenagers' natures. M_+W5Gz<  

学习一门你从未有过学习机会的技能 DO{otn9<  
If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study, what would you choose? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details. m<#^c?u  
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　　Students graduating from colleges today are not fully prepared to deal with the "real world." It is my belief that college students need to be taught more skills and information to enable them to meet the challenges that face everyone in daily life. The areas in which student need training are playing the credit game, planning their personal financial strategy, and consumer awareness. >Mh\jt\  
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　　Learning how to obtain and use credit is probably the most valuable knowledge a young person can have. Credit is a dangerous tool that can be of tremendous help if it is handled with caution. Having credit can enable people to obtain material necessities before they have the money to purchase them outright. But unfortunately, many, many young people get carried away with their handy plastic credit cards and awake one day to find they are in serious financial debt. Learning how to use credit properly can be a very difficult and painful lesson indeed. /? d)01  
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　　Of equal importance is learning how to plan a personal budget. People have to know how to control money, otherwise, it can control them. Students should leave college knowing how to allocate their money for living expenses, insurance, savings, and so forth in order to avoid the "Oh, no! I'm flat broke and I don't get paid again for two weeks!" anxiety syndrome. -B/'ArOo]  
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　　Along with learning about credit and personal financial planning, graduating college students should be trained as consumers. The consumer market today is flooded with a variety of products and services of varying quality and prices. A young person entering the "real world" is suddenly faced with difficult decisions about which product to buy or whose services to engage. He is usually unaware of such things as return policies, guarantees, or repair procedures, information of this sort is vital knowledge to everyday living. /Q )I5sL@E  
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　　For a newly graduated college student, the "real world" can be a scary place to be when he or she is faced with such issues as handling credit, planning a budget, or knowing what to look for, when making a purchase and whom to purchase it from. Entering this "real world" could be made less painful if persons were educated in dealing with these areas of daily life. What better place to accomplish this than in college? Nw9:Gi  

考博英语作文类型基本分为六大类：劝说性议论文、评论性议论文、对比性议论文、批评性议论文、图画式论说文、图标数据式作文。 ?Bq^#i|m  
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危险运动为何会使人着迷 Xm|~1 k_3  
Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. F7j/Zuj  
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　　Among various motives that spur people to perform dangerous activities are money, pleasure, and ironically, nescience. i5Sya]FN  
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　　Perhaps the most direct drive might come from money, which every one would need in this world. People have enough wit to balance their certain choices, especially when they face with danger and money. Those stunt men or women in Hollywood movies, photographers who shoot sharks or crocodiles, or those who participate in stock car racing, are always sophisticated enough to calculate. If they are willing to take the risk, they must have evaluated well. They know exactly the rule: the more risks they take, the more they might get. e-v|  
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　　There also is another kind of people in this world. Money is of almost no importance to them. They perform dangerous activities just for their own pleasure. Perhaps the most appropriate example is sports. Actually every kind of sports is dangerous, and even can be deadly. Danger always exists, but people tend to simply ignore it. Take parachuting for example, who can refuse the fascination of flying in the sky like a bird? On the other hand, it seems that danger itself makes the activity so fascinating. To conquer is the very nature of human being from the very beginning. Pheidippides said seconds before dropping dead two thousand years ago, "Rejoice, we conquer!" And it seems perfectly logical for some people that celebration follows conquer. 7q;`~tbC  
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　　Ironically, sometimes blind brave comes out of nescience. Sometimes people simply don't know the activity is hazardous or how perilous it exactly is. It can be exemplified by a recent incident. Five students (among them three are master degree) lost their lives in a mountaineering expedition. Reporters say those students didn't make an adequate preparation before expedition, which made the tragedy ineluctable. People always praise alpinists with words such as strong, brave, courageous, but in this case none of these words is appropriate. Those young students traded their springtime with blind brave, and died in vain. sCt)Yp+8}B  

成功最重要的一项技能是什么 H I_uR$m  
What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. y9d"sqyh  
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　　People succeed not merely because they have one or more certain skills. However, if I have to choose one skill which is supposed to be useful to success, I think it should be the ability to convince or persuade others. IL An2W  
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　　By convincing or persuading we get what we want from others. When we were children, we always managed to persuade our parents to buy us sugar candies; when we were in the high school, we had to persuade our classmates to play with us; when we applied for a job after graduation, we had better be able to successfully convince the employer that we are qualified employees. Besides, some day, we will all have to convince a person whom we love that we are in deed outstanding husbands or excellent wives. i@5Fne  
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　　By convincing or persuading we become more and more sturdy and powerful. Nobody is capable of doing every thing perfect. By persuading others to cooperate with us, we can achieve much more than we could only by ourselves. Mr. Yu Min Hong, president of New Oriental School, had successful convincing his alumni including Mr. Wang Qiang and Mr. Xu XiaoPing to strive after an ideal – to build a most influential private university in China, and today, they have been so close. Mr. Yu, while answering a journalist, said that he once persuaded Chinese students to go abroad, his current work is to convince those students to return to their homeland with their enhanced intelligences. dTK0lgkUE  
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　　Ironically, it is ourselves who need us to persuade and convince most. We by nature are weak, yet have to be stronger to face up to tough surroundings. All too often we need encouraging. Amazingly, it is ourselves who can in deed encourage. When we are in trouble, we need convince ourselves not to give up, when we are in plain sailing, we need persuade ourselves no to be negligent. By convincing ourselves, we become more and more independent, and more and more robust, both of which are characteristics essential to success. eZU9L/w:  

　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. P][jB  

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　　We live in a world in which every one wants to be successful. Nothing is wrong about the desire to be No. 1, and there is no doubt that being successful is enjoyable. There really is something wrong, nevertheless, to think we could be finally successful by only doing things that we do enjoy doing. People often are amazed by the glorious appearance of a skyscraper, at the same time, they should be conscious of the fact that the skyscraper had taken a long time to construct, maybe much longer time to design, and possibly even several workers' lives during the constructing process! `wtso  
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　　We may categorize things into two groups, the enjoyable and the unenjoyable; at the same time, another category can be made: the necessary and the unnecessary. The point is, things that are necessary are not always enjoyable and things that are enjoyable sometimes may be unnecessary. Doing things that are necessary rather than those that are merely enjoyable is not only helpful but it might also be indispensable for individual success. We all admire even envy those who now have attained great achievements, such those famous stars as, Jacky Chen, Jet Li, for example. We should, however, be aware of the exorbitant prices they have paid for their present glories. Jacky Chen once told that when he was still a teenager, he and his partners were required to practice more than 12 hours a day; and it was said that Jet Li was sent to be an apprentice when he was hardly four years old! Apparently, those seemingly cruel hardships had turned out to be the best gifts years later. But for yesterday's struggle, today's glories could not exist. /o m++DxV  
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　　Things that are both enjoyable and necessary or both unenjoyable and unnecessary seldom exist. We may dislike some curriculums in university, such as mathematics or history, but they are necessary; we may prefer leisure times to work days, but the latter are necessary. The list will go on and may be an endless one. Pursuing a successful life is nothing more than making wise decisions, by “wise” we mean the choice of doing the necessary first. 9K`_P] l2z  

家长是最好的老师 &R%'s1]o  
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. gk%@& TB/  
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　　你是否同意或不同意以下声明?家长是最好的老师。使用具体原因和例子来支持你的答案。 \4>,L_O  
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　　Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers.  L\PmT  
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　　显然，我们最早的老师，在大多数情况下，我们的生活是我们的父母，他们是最普遍的发展和子女教育工作。然而，也不是所有家长好老师，也不是那些好父母最好的老师。 e(?w h   
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　　First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. ;ItH2Lw<&  
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　　首先，并非所有家长都好老师。作为正常人，一些家长或多或少有坏习惯。尽管父母几乎本能地致力于培养他们的后代，其结果可能会变成失望而归，往往所有儿童都能自觉或不自觉从他们的父母复制每一件事。另一个家长缺乏的是，大部分家长对教育的共同感觉，缺乏教师。我们常常看到一些父母往往追求，迫使其子女在预先安排的发展方向，他们所珍惜的，但未能梦想。具有讽刺意味的，如果子女没有遵循指示，孩子就被视为不听话或据称反叛。事实上，这是家长，而不是他们的孩子， hWT jN  
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　　Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. 4KM-$h,4O  
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　　此外，一些家长有资格好老师，但不是所有这些都是最好的。当他们在初步学校的，这并不奇怪，父母是孩子的教学，几乎每一个问题甚至比在学校专业教师做得更好。但情况不会持续太久。我们在那里知识的增多，同时积累了生活的世界变得越来越专业化。因此，是在某一领域的专业今日需时较长的时间比以往任何时候。家长们能在所有领域的专业，虽然他们可能在一个或多个领域的专家。明智的家长往往释放，而不是他们的孩子负责尽早。他们都明白了家庭以外的可能性。 "Wwu Ty|  
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　　Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. V95o(c.p  
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　　家长仍可以帮助他们的孩子更比好老师。大部分地区的儿童教育几乎超出教师达到。这是家长的补充。心理学研究告诉我们，父母的爱，有时有惊人的神奇力量给子女。爱因斯坦的母亲和阿甘正传的母亲都是很好的例子。另一方面，家长可以做他们的孩子受到伤害比也差的教师。那些其父母已离婚儿童的性质往往严重扭曲。总之，这是十分肤浅的简单地说，家长是最好的老师。 +i&<`ov  

经验该从哪得来 [eX ]x  
It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? IfK~~XYG  
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　　有人说，“并不是所有的教训是在书本中。”比较和对比中取得的经验与知识，从书本上获得的经验。在您看来，这是更重要的来源?为什么? 4)S99|1  
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　　Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. $DL}jH^S  
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　　双方的经验和书籍是非常重要的资源，他们都有相关的优点。 &k:xr,N=  
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　　Experiences are the most direct resources we ever have. Almost our every basic skill came from experiences, such as walking, articulating, reading even thinking. Without experiences, some natural born abilities even might lose. Studies have shown that a baby who was robbed by animals into forest for 12 years lost his ability to talk in human language. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that each and every skill develops by experiences, and that's why people always say practice makes perfect. z'YWomfZm  
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　　经验是最直接的资源的时候都完备。几乎我们每个基本技能来自经验，如散步，阐明，阅读甚至思维。如果没有经验，有些天生的能力，甚至可能会丧失。研究表明，婴儿谁是动物抢劫到12年，森林失去了说话的能力，在人类语言。此外，人们普遍认为，每一个技术发展的经验，这就是为什么人们总是说熟能生巧。 :os8 "  
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　　Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day. Q{l,4P  
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　　书是有价值的当知识超出了我们的经验范围。或许最明显的例子是那些流利的作家。他们写远远超过任何个人的经历的各种故事，其中的范围中。为例乔伊斯卡罗尔欧茨，她已经惊人的生产力，积累了不到20年的近30冠军，其中包括小说，短篇故事和诗歌，戏剧和文学批评的集合。虽然其中一些看起来是来自她自己的直接观察，她的梦想，她的恐惧，更是清楚地从别人的经验。她虚构的世界仍然惊人地类似，真正的一个反映在报纸，电视新闻和访谈节目，和我们时代的流行杂志。 ^A$=6=CX  
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　　Yet either experiences or books may give us wrong information. Our direct observations always are subject to our beliefs, hopes, fears, expectations, and our bias, which might make observations unreliable. People vary in their powers of observation, and the reliability of our observations is no better than the reliability of our memories, which as we know can be deceptive. Information printed in papers sometimes is unreliable either, it may be misprinted, or even deliberately distorted. For example, Definitions such as Marxism, Capitalism, Zionism are totally different in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Current English between the original edition and the sanctioned Russian edition. e^y9Kmd  
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　　然而，无论经验或书籍，可以给我们错误的信息。我们直接观察总是受到我们的信仰，希望，恐惧，期望和我们的偏见，这可能使意见不可靠。不同的人在观察他们的权力，和我们的意见的可靠性并不比我们的记忆，作为我们知道是有欺骗性的可靠性。信息印在文件或者有时是不可靠的，它可能是错体，甚至故意歪曲。举例来说，如马克思主义，资本主义，犹太复国主义的定义，完全在牛津学习的英语词典不同的原版和俄文版的制裁。 Cj-
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　　In conclusion, both sources are important. Sometimes one is more important than the other in accordance with specific circumstances. For example, when we make a general survey about a certain subject, we may prefer rich references in library. On the other hand, if we want to know more specific details, we had better refer to experiences such as results of carefully designed experiments. Xw?DN*`L  
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　　最后，这两个来源是重要的。有时，一个更重要的是比具体情况为根据其他。例如，当我们做一个关于某一议题的一般性调查，我们可能更喜欢在图书馆丰富的参考资料。另一方面，如果我们想了解更多的具体细节，我们有更好的参考经验，如精心设计的实验结果。 TeHJj`rdAU  

电影或电视影响人们的行为 4MgN
  
How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. N!+=5!  
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　　电影或电视影响人们的行为?使用原因和具体的例子来支持你的答案。 Z)@vJZ*7(  
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　　The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become even greater as the scope of mass media continues to grow, and as the relevant technologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages. dyQ7@K.E  
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　　在这样的电影或电视现代传媒已经在我们的日常生活产生的影响，和整个社会，是不可否认的。毫无疑问，它将成为甚至作为大众传媒的范围更大的继续增长，随着相关技术越来越先进，因此迷人，几乎没有人能够逃脱。已经，可以看到西方电影如何行使对青少年一代的影响：他们长大长头发，无论其性别，通常，其中一部分黄金染色，他们穿在每一个季节，通常是膝盖的牛仔裤故意褴褛，男孩的耳环吊坠或其他多喜欢和女孩的万宝路，怪诞的粗语言激烈。 pN9!  
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　　The major means that mass media influence the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling and of fascinating immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet On The Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to his country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values?
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　　大众媒体的公众影响力的主要手段，是创造了社会讨论的议题。大众媒体提供人(消费者)问题讨论和思考。泰坦尼克号带来了其迷人的赞美和不朽的爱全世界一片哗然，总理颜色和摇尾狗符合有关的权利和对美国总统职责的全国性辩论。如太阳泪和其他许多在西线无战事反战电影已经提出的问题是任何战争的真正的正义，还是很值得，个人作出的牺牲，他的国家，同时忽略他的家人或他的个人价值? @:N8V[*u  
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　　Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important (to know). The "important" issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper (/in the beginning of a television program). The "not important" stories are the ones that are not being told at all. The "not very important" stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages. In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole in deed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media. #C
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　　大众媒体也影响我们对什么是重要的理解，什么是不重要的(知道)。 “重要”的问题，必须对报纸的(/在一个电视节目的开始)第一页找到。 “不重大”的故事是那些不被告知所有的。在“不太重要”的故事可能很短，在过去的页面隐藏。事实上，目前包括censorships分发所有大众媒体，互联网等手段。由prearranging公共问题，大众传播媒体对我们的决定。即使是批判性思维在任何社会中的个人，他们是明确的少数人的批判性思维的言行缺乏技能整体上市，因此，他们往往被媒体领导。 (0{Dn5MH  
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　　In brief, mass media, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss “the important issues”, has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society, we have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source of information, experiences, entertainment, amusement and relaxation. f"Sp.'@