考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 \@\r`=WgB  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 OBnf5*eJ  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 OM>,1;UH]  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 Tasmbo^mAF  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) v|K,  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. )a7nr<)aU  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. {/)q=  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). B|f =hlY  
　　真题剖析 *dAQ{E(rO  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. =~DQX\  
　　45. A. For gTM*td(~^  
　　B. As +GYO<N7  
　　C. With !=3Ce3-  
　　D. Because 4\_~B{kzZ  
　　练习： XsEotW  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Ueb&<tS  
　　8. A. is /ucS*m:<x  
　　B. having n1Wo<$#  
　　C. being 5%jy7)8C  
　　D. be v;sWI"Fv!  
W; zzc1v  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 LTTMxiq[*  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 u_=^Bd  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 0F%/R^mw  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 bIXD(5y
 
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 >H,5MM!  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 W) ?s''WE;  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 2[CHiB*>  
　　would rather +动词过去式 pM-mZ/?  
　　真题剖析 &e3pmHp'  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 0O?\0k;o  
　　47. A. do HBm(l@#.  
　　B. did gbu*6&j9  
　　C. don’t 6~O;t'd  
　　D. didn’t K?u:-
QX^  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. v) aV(Oa  
　　53. A. ordered i(YR-vYK  
　　B. pleaded /jSb^1\  
　　C. decided b
lUS6"kV}  
　　D. demanded `('NH]^  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. xLP8*lvy  
　　15. A. took ; ?Q0mXr  
　　B. would take %reW/;)l{  
　　C. will take iV:\,<8d  
　　D. should take o\qeX|.70  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Z ZT2c0AK  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) }Qh%Z)  
　　54.A. shall &`_|[Y ]H  
　　B.will W+.?J 60  
　　C.would 7'5/T]Z  
　　D.should wKJK!P  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 0qBXL;sE  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) hG3RZN#ejq  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 TSsx^h8/  
　　真题剖析 |h:3BV_  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. !Tu.A@  
　　60. A. dropped 94XRf"^  
　　B. to drop qche7kg!a  
　　C. dropping [oH,FSuO!2  
　　D.drops s_,&"->  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. yAc}4*;T/  
　　59. A. destructive wSs78c=  
　　B. dissatisfied Os1y8ui  
　　C. damaged $w<~W1\:  
　　D. derivative W&^2Fb  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 9a_(_g>S  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. Th*mm3D6  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. FdJC@Y-#uA  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ]0: R^dHE  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. %x7l`.)N  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 }c,}+{q
 
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 IN]bAd8"  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ]QU52R@M  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ss3fq}  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 5cQBqH]   
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Xl*-A|:j  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) T}]Ao  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 0QIocha  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) J0p,P.G  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. y!!+IeReS  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 N<>dg  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. v V^GIWK  
　　真题剖析 D#t5*bwK  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. YJ16vb9  
　　53. A. none Z%OSW  
　　B. few =;/h{ t  
　　C. any My`%gP~%g  
　　D. some }\*Sf[EMD  
Rt:PW}rFf  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 4 z`5W,  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 7=AKQ7BB>b  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. q%vUEQLBp  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. I.<#t(io  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) mHMej@  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. yN o8R[M