英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 h4? 'd+K
1. 充当句子的状语。 f(*^zga,
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 h@(S];.
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 kT{d pGU9
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) -$kA WP8P4
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Nc[u ?-
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 8|\?imOp\[
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). K<ok1g'0
真题剖析 \MFjb IL
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. dy2<b+ ..
45. A. For p EbyQ[
B. As xy1R_*.F^T
C. With %C(^v)"
D. Because l)(
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练习： -85W/%
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 0:4w@"Q
8. A. is ;R{ffS6
B. having :B] yreg
C. being 924a
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D. be q <Zza
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 \
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1. (should)+动词原形 u ~q6?*5
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 U/3 <p8
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ky-9I<Z,,
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 %T'<vw0
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 %?z8*G]M
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 EgT?Hvx:
would rather +动词过去式 g<$q#l~4xH
真题剖析 d/Y#oVI
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … p?
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47. A. do 6#DDMP8;I
B. did #1oyRD-
C. don’t XdxSi"+
D. didn’t _[t:Vm e}v
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. t
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53. A. ordered wY6m^g$h3
B. pleaded kx31g,cf]w
C. decided /@QPJ~%8Ud
D. demanded K
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. H^r;,Q$9
15. A. took g ?i0WS
B. would take 4(D/~OG-6
C. will take 3P2
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D. should take {7Q)2N C
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 2U.'5uA"L
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) e
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B.will ^2)<H7p
C.would +nU=)x?38
D.should s_}q
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 A} v;uNS]
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) _{&bm E
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) @<`P-+m
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 JpE7"Z"~MS
真题剖析 </]a`h]
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. / ?H q
60. A. dropped I_\?w SNGM
B. to drop A"i $.dR{
C. dropping W :8pmI
D.drops "DvhAEM
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. pc2;2 ^U_
59. A. destructive {R8)DK
B. dissatisfied 9 iV_
C. damaged R 4vf
D. derivative L(o#) I>j
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 |.;*,bb|3
How you got there doesn’t concern me. yb6gYN
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. QjOY1Xze
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 L$6W, D
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. TeRH@oI
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 089v;
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Ug )eyu
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). lYT_Y.%I
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 $ Y M( NC
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. tMH 2
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) >i"WKd=
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) $ 8}'h
He no less than John is interested in literature. ; )FmN[
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) KAgxIz!^-1
Either my father or my brothers are coming. !P3y+;S
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 N}nE?|N=5
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. k}C4:?AT
真题剖析 ;3X Ok+
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Mm;[f'{M)
53. A. none D$+g5u)
B. few |
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C. any <G'M/IR a
D. some =]S,p7* 7
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 l#
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
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There stand big buildings in this district. >pp#>{}
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 7'# _uA QR
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) $z`l{F4eMf
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 'uF75C
