医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 { Fawt:
一、肺 Lung "QWq_R
清晰 clear c2e
t
c8
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows |=$-Wu
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings 76Vl6cPu>
钙化灶 calcified @ ]/AjjLt
空洞 cavitation ,=|ZB4HA
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) ,B0_MDA +
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density \U[{z&]~
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows T)Y=zIQ1]7
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density D;_ MPN[
圆形致密影 a round density aEWWFN
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening h3Q21D'f
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle ~R&;v3
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement t$A%*JBKm
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion Wh
%ucX&
液气胸 hydropneumothorax 1f8GW
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement A _XhuQB;d
肺门模糊 hilar haze |"9 #bU
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density 7g(F#T?;'
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) H)>;/#!r-
阴影性状 shadow <F.Tx$s
淡的 haziness hweaGL t0
云雾状 clouding }GZ}Q5
线装 streaky ]
Wq?H-B{
絮状 patcky f4guz
结节状 nodular Q]w&N30
块状 massive Z t&6Ua[Y}
粟粒状 miliary K&U7H:
融合状 confluent acw4B5]
均匀的 homogeneous {M?vBgR\B
二、心脏 Heart B-T/V-c7
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement YNBHBK4;
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta fuB)qt!E
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart V86Xg:?7
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment F1Hh7
F
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery !QT'L,_
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow 60)iw4<wf
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement TcGoSj<Z
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation 5 XA=G
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart &V<W>Y>|l*
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta 1<<kA:d
心腰部 waist of heart Zxb_K
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart |P.6<
三、腹部平片 KUB film j}AFE
结石 calculus 9P<[7u
钙化影 calcified shadow 3J=Y9 }
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern 7 uarh!
液气平面 gas-fluid level QERU5|.wc
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air 5&f{1M6l>
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination 7HHysNB"w
胃肠造影 gastroenterography fof2
xcH!
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography C P3<1~
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign "z*:'8;E
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) q,2]5'
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine 5
eA8niq#
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon Do]*JO)(
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time j2Pn<0U
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach e62Dx#IY
充盈缺损 filling defect ) ){xlFA}
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds w~@-9<^K]v
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) V
>,Z-&.%
球部激惹现象 irritable cap ?QA\G6i4
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) RA jkH`
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis CWO=0_>2
蠕动消失 aperistalsis ?/JBt
/b
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation FhIqy %X
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon SjdZyJa
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold d3]hyTqbtm
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold ]/T-t1D
五、胆道 bile tract >x[`;O4
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography @S 6u9v
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography I|/'Ds:
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography (H?ZSeWx
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) ;:mY JV
胆总管扩张dilated common duct s~},y]YV
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily \nqo%5XL
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately )h^NR3N
收缩功能 contractibility :o"8MZp
六、骨骼skeleton T ^JuZG
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone 5%
nt0dc
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance s T3p>8n
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction :[M[(
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) O
Df4+& u
骨化 ossification YYRT.U'
畸形 deformity :G)<}j"sM
缩短 shortening `eRLc}aP2
移位 displacement AH.9A_dG
脱位 luxation v\ZBv zd
半脱位 subluxation AV @\ +0
连接不正 malunion jiIST^Zq#t
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture ^ua12f
多发性骨折 multiple fracture >Csbjf6
病理性骨折 pathological fracture dyQh:u
-
关节间隙 joint space DM3B]Yl
椎间隙 intervertebral space J-J3=JG
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage OoP@-D"e
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) rbk<z\pc
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis ~,}s(`~
死骨 sequestrum zj]b&In6;
骨质坏死 bone necrosis 7unA"9=[4V
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint \_oy$>;
关节强直 ankyloses xaXV^ZM3
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation lSc,AOXp
对线良好 good alignment DY><qk
对位良好 good apposition v`{:~q*
七、泌尿系统 urological system s!h5hwBY
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) 0&`}EXe<f
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography @;9(
)ad
萎缩 atrophy IYNMU\s
移位 deformity ez0 \bym
扭曲 distortion \:sk9k
充盈缺损 filling defect 6H;kJHn
狭窄 stricture N^@
\tg=
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone v_-ls"l
八、X线检查位置 /v&`!nKu
前后位 anteroposterior projection hCLk#_
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection ,cQ)cY[
侧位 lateral projection |'@[N,
立位 upright position K%<GU1]-]
斜位 oblique projection luF#OP C
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection t/Z!O
z6ZE
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection "4[<]pq
前凸位 lordotic position projection ocP*\NR
轴位 axial position Fhi5LhWe+.
头位 cranial projection ")\ *2d
尾位 caudal projection nB}e1
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