医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 pOKeEW<q
一、肺 Lung Gp,
'kw"I
清晰 clear |Hfl&3
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows uNy!<u
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings E.9^&E}PG
钙化灶 calcified g*F~8+]Y
空洞 cavitation /,X7.t_-
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) g**5z'7
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density L$SMfx
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows .D!WO
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density aV#h5s
圆形致密影 a round density =6fB*bNk]
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening :WO{x g
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 1LX)4TCC
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement vbaC+AiX
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion z>p]/Sa
液气胸 hydropneumothorax 3
1k
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement 2qjyFTT
肺门模糊 hilar haze /S[?{Q A
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density A$:|Qd7F1
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) 5e8xKL
阴影性状 shadow u-:MVEm
淡的 haziness xj7vI&u.
云雾状 clouding c;^A)_/
线装 streaky W"t"X ~T3
絮状 patcky #2N_/J(U
结节状 nodular jqtVpNwM
块状 massive 6bUl>4
粟粒状 miliary 2lo:a{}j
融合状 confluent }^ ,q#'
均匀的 homogeneous gH'3 dS!{
二、心脏 Heart ^vM_kArA
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement QtlT&|$
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta hkF^?AJ
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart a'A s
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment d- kZt@DL=
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery lQ$+JX;n(y
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow 5k~\or 5_
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement @,e8t BL
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation B\0t&dai|'
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart 2vvh|?M
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta u(Rk'7k
心腰部 waist of heart uY]T:UVk
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart #g{Mne
三、腹部平片 KUB film LD_M 3
P
结石 calculus ,Z5Fea
钙化影 calcified shadow nALnB1
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern A Iv<f9*.:
液气平面 gas-fluid level 10O3Z9
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air --A&TV
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination Man^<T%F
胃肠造影 gastroenterography x=vK
EyS@
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography 5zVQ;;
9
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign /tzlbI]z
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) tUv3jq)n%
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine k}s+ca!B
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon <p/MyqZf
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time Ih3$
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach s-%J5_d f
充盈缺损 filling defect :P,2K5]y
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds %ZiK[e3G
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) F^miq^K=
球部激惹现象 irritable cap {(!)P
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) -O %[!&`
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis &rP~`4Mkp
蠕动消失 aperistalsis NnP.k7m)
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation 3A d*,>!
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon PLdf_/]-
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold bOe<\Y$
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold p7$3`t6u
五、胆道 bile tract RQ|?Ce",
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography oc:x&
`j
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography *#6|!%?g
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography cCk1'D|X[e
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) %UB
Poq
胆总管扩张dilated common duct m|mG;8}pI
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily tI'e ctn
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately w~]}acP
收缩功能 contractibility X~%IM1+L;
六、骨骼skeleton s<,"Hsh^CR
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone leR"j
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance t:disL&!E
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction GV=V^Fl .
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) j ~.u>4
骨化 ossification 5uzpTNAMM1
畸形 deformity 9'l.TcVm`,
缩短 shortening /lru"R D
移位 displacement Sw[=S '(l
脱位 luxation HaS[.&\S0
半脱位 subluxation 95VqaR,
连接不正 malunion uz8nRS s
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture UX?X]ZYVR
多发性骨折 multiple fracture RR8U
Cv
病理性骨折 pathological fracture aL{EkiR
关节间隙 joint space Gtf1}UJC
椎间隙 intervertebral space i;gw=Be
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage 2~+'vi
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) H#_}^cGPR=
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis (Jm(}X]sh[
死骨 sequestrum UX03"gX
骨质坏死 bone necrosis zv>ZrFl*
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint zp}yiE!bl
关节强直 ankyloses oVAOGHE
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation P^i6MZ?
对线良好 good alignment 9
<y
/Wv
对位良好 good apposition `>$gy/N
七、泌尿系统 urological system bwv/{3G,Ys
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) T
"ZQPLg
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography # r2$ZCo3o
萎缩 atrophy f'8B[&@L
移位 deformity Fa Qu$q
扭曲 distortion iG?w;
充盈缺损 filling defect `<.
7?
狭窄 stricture N4[B:n
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone d|D'&&&c
八、X线检查位置 v)v{QNQp^
前后位 anteroposterior projection #]N&6ngJ
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection 3\+[38 _
侧位 lateral projection f6(9wz$Trt
立位 upright position NoSqzJyh
斜位 oblique projection <Bob#Tf
~
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection P5ESrZ@f
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection *;ZW=%M
前凸位 lordotic position projection t6H2tP\AS
轴位 axial position lhW#IiX
头位 cranial projection nFf\tf%8
尾位 caudal projection \|b1s @c8