医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 ?W^c4NtP
一、肺 Lung ZOCDA2e(j
清晰 clear Ez|oN,
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows 2'EUy@0
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings ?=m?jNa;nC
钙化灶 calcified 26&'X+n&
空洞 cavitation ;s`sn$@
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) ;r_F[E2z
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density #]nx!*JNZ
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows W`\R%>$H
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density :8CvRO*<
圆形致密影 a round density
wr[,
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening AC>`'Gx
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle [0"'T[ok
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement \jOA+FU[
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion N"nd*?
液气胸 hydropneumothorax JSW
^dw&
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement O8B\{T1
肺门模糊 hilar haze \"X!2
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density T:5fc2Ngv
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) UrqRx?#
阴影性状 shadow S H!
淡的 haziness .Fdgb4>BXX
云雾状 clouding -$\+'
\
线装 streaky {q"OM*L(
絮状 patcky i_j[?.?X}
结节状 nodular 1v71rf&w
块状 massive <YdE1{fm
粟粒状 miliary Pi]19boM.
融合状 confluent L*YynF
均匀的 homogeneous "
wNJ
二、心脏 Heart ,6-:VIHQ
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement u6AA4(
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta ~ _/(t'9
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart 8fl`r~bqZ
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment LDPUD'
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery uG,5BV .M
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow 0yD9SJn
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement H{Wu]C<@p
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation %5(I/zB
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart Dfmjw
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta Gefne[
心腰部 waist of heart ,J+}rPe"sf
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart 'Gj3:-xqL
三、腹部平片 KUB film ]n6#VTz*
结石 calculus t'n pG}`tE
钙化影 calcified shadow \NPmym_6J
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern 4h|c<-`>t
液气平面 gas-fluid level HiZ*+T.B
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air *\
R ]NV
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination UtoT
胃肠造影 gastroenterography u_oaebOrpP
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography g6j?,c|y
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign H#,W5EJzM
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) l+KY)6o
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine ;U/&I3dzV
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon
akp-zn&je
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time :CG`t?N9M
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach )_HA>o_?C:
充盈缺损 filling defect 75T%g!c#
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds 5_GYrR2
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) 3lrT3a3vV
球部激惹现象 irritable cap Ag-(5:
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) fK>L!=Q
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis Cio
1E-4
蠕动消失 aperistalsis 0q()|y?}
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation !|S(Ms
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon 8{^kQ/]'|
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold $*^7iT4q_t
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold 6AAz
五、胆道 bile tract Ri<u/ ]oR"
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography f z'@_4hg
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography ^9v4O UG
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography 5'OrHk;u
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) %z=le7
胆总管扩张dilated common duct uy>q7C
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily }7b%HTF=
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately OIGY`
收缩功能 contractibility m+=] m_
六、骨骼skeleton '{cIAw/"n
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone tH!]Z4}u
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance /2&c$9=1
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction u+
9hL4
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) y6g&Y.:o
骨化 ossification M[NV)q/)
畸形 deformity tj' \tW+s'
缩短 shortening mVj9 ,q0
移位 displacement z0d.J1VW
脱位 luxation &)QX7*H
半脱位 subluxation xB@ T|EP
连接不正 malunion Sh/08+@+L:
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture 0HZ{Y9]
多发性骨折 multiple fracture ]}V<*f
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 8=!D$t\3
关节间隙 joint space 9=s<Ld
椎间隙 intervertebral space kXViWOXU^
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage N"Z{5A
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) irZ])a
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis Q3 ea{!r
死骨 sequestrum R7%#U`Q^A
骨质坏死 bone necrosis \UA[
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint ."g`3tVK
关节强直 ankyloses ::`HQ@^
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation HVRZ[Y<^
对线良好 good alignment d z|or9&
对位良好 good apposition &bS,hbD t
七、泌尿系统 urological system h0EEpL|\
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP)
a,,ex i
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography
_O?`@g?i
萎缩 atrophy 0S"mVZ*P
移位 deformity [+Iz@0q
扭曲 distortion Cp\6W[2+B
充盈缺损 filling defect ~g91Pr
狭窄 stricture p%ki>p )E|
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone ,~U>'&M
;
八、X线检查位置 4Z3su^XR
前后位 anteroposterior projection 9
ql~q
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection X0HZH?V+
侧位 lateral projection 70?\ugxA
立位 upright position ic:zsuEm
斜位 oblique projection ScOK)nL"
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection 4>
K42m
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection )_90UwWpj
前凸位 lordotic position projection u,ho7ht3(
轴位 axial position ~ah~cwmpS
头位 cranial projection >58YjLXb
尾位 caudal projection >NV@R&