医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 Ag
J~6tK
一、肺 Lung J7vpCw2ni
清晰 clear R?s\0
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows ,[L$
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings Jo <6M'
钙化灶 calcified ,eCXT=6
空洞 cavitation hh&y2#Io
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) EZBzQ""
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density aM!#
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows y@_?3m7B=
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density [CX?Tt
圆形致密影 a round density pSFWNWQ'B
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening k)Wz b
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle 2Zip8f!
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement IIiN1
Lu,5
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion \'*`te:{
液气胸 hydropneumothorax [rU8
#4.
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement Uiw7Y\Im|
肺门模糊 hilar haze &Sa~Wtm|*
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density BwD1}1jp
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) sb.SpF>
阴影性状 shadow
5AU3s
淡的 haziness }4%)m
云雾状 clouding HH@xnd
线装 streaky 8-YrmP2k
絮状 patcky QPE.b-S
结节状 nodular W[<":NX2
块状 massive _!p3M3"$B
粟粒状 miliary _\PoZ|G4y
融合状 confluent ^I?y\:.
均匀的 homogeneous 1G.gPx[
二、心脏 Heart
m]q!y3
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement ;@~*z4U
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta QC,(rB
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart Qp&ySU8
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment 1
R9?[RE
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery Y_hRL&u3W
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow ER1mA:8>E
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement N==_'`O1Q0
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation h]$?~YE
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart IF}c*uGj}
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta $50"3g!Y
心腰部 waist of heart aZGDtzNG5h
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart 4 xzJql
三、腹部平片 KUB film [c[MQA0
结石 calculus
}
_l
-'t
钙化影 calcified shadow #ic 2ofI
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern C-^%g[#
液气平面 gas-fluid level 'oQP:*Btl3
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air f<altz_\q
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination H-KwkH`L4
胃肠造影 gastroenterography @"Fp;Je\bN
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography P`IG9
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign l~!fQ$~
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) =C>`}%XT}
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine lc?mKW9
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon m
?% H<4X
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time tDHHQ
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach OK?3,<x
充盈缺损 filling defect {F+M&+``
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds (X_ ,*3Yxk
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) &}6ES{Nr8
球部激惹现象 irritable cap UtBlP+bE?y
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) 3s_k>cO=
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis 26#Jhb E+
蠕动消失 aperistalsis m9<%v0r
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation Lr}b,
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon ^A"lkV7
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold -wRyMY_D
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold 3ES[ N.V#
五、胆道 bile tract Q^MXiEO+
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography Op/79]$
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography 5hH6G
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography }L$Xb2^l
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) `f6)Q`n
胆总管扩张dilated common duct >4|c7z4
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily B=gsd0^]
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately "h;;.Y8e
收缩功能 contractibility Y=:KM~2hv
六、骨骼skeleton N;x<| %peL
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone 6_%]\37_Z
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance 5Q$r@&qp
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction GDHK.?GY
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) Z&dr0w8
骨化 ossification bB:r]*_
s]
畸形 deformity 2JiAd*WK
缩短 shortening QY~<~<d+G
移位 displacement $(@o$%d
脱位 luxation b W=.K>|
半脱位 subluxation 't|Un G
连接不正 malunion 11)/] ?/j
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture {Ax)
[<i
多发性骨折 multiple fracture v[{8G^Z}54
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 3XeXzPj
关节间隙 joint space L$+d.=]
椎间隙 intervertebral space (C`FicY
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage E0"10Qbi
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) $J QWfGwR
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis 0?lp/|K
死骨 sequestrum oA4D\rn8"
骨质坏死 bone necrosis +}_Pf{MW
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint 0jxO |N2)
关节强直 ankyloses 0U82f1ei
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation 1~}m.ER
对线良好 good alignment .:}.b"%m
对位良好 good apposition 7 I_1 #O
七、泌尿系统 urological system tg.|$n
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) J DLTOLG
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography 9[cp7 Rcb
萎缩 atrophy m7$8k@r
移位 deformity 0:Ar|to$m
扭曲 distortion J+Q+&-a
充盈缺损 filling defect 8 YNu<
狭窄 stricture $o]r]#B+
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone
pv$mZi4i
八、X线检查位置 Q*]$)D3n
前后位 anteroposterior projection ]JOephX2R
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection _|N}4a
侧位 lateral projection e
# t3u_
立位 upright position C\
tp
rnY
斜位 oblique projection FY$fV"s
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection XMGx^mn
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection Bd{4Ae\_+g
前凸位 lordotic position projection lWW+5
轴位 axial position dd]?9
头位 cranial projection MhNFW'_
尾位 caudal projection WvujcmOf