医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 UG2+Y']
一、肺 Lung Ac:`xk<
清晰 clear `<7\Zl
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows 6.
@.k
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings F9%_@n
钙化灶 calcified zL"e .
空洞 cavitation WVP?Ie8
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) dxeiN#(XT
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density UmR)L!QT8
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows 'uu*DgEr
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density
j7}mh
圆形致密影 a round density Y@FYo>0O
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening E !kN h
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle u?,>yf.;s
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement FLmD?nw
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion }&0LoW/
液气胸 hydropneumothorax &y?
|$p\;/
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement ex>7f%\
肺门模糊 hilar haze PQaTS*0SXJ
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density )1At/ mr
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) [ja^Bhu
阴影性状 shadow z^9oaoTl
淡的 haziness j@xIa-{*
云雾状 clouding ffP]U4
线装 streaky vu(
5s
絮状 patcky bB<S4@jF8z
结节状 nodular k$$SbStD
块状 massive )@!fLAT
粟粒状 miliary DuC#tDP
融合状 confluent 4)iP%%JH
均匀的 homogeneous 6FDj :~
二、心脏 Heart YP,,vcut
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement ! $JX3mP
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta C@a I*+@-"
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart .>W [
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment ;Z*rY?v
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery ,$`}Rf<
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow ?)9L($VVD
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement db 99S
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation |&K;*g|a
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart :2j`NyLI.
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta DOyO`TJi
心腰部 waist of heart M"*NV(".g
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart g=mKTk
三、腹部平片 KUB film X>$
Wf3
结石 calculus +E.
D:
钙化影 calcified shadow k2Cq9kQ q
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern 3>n&u,Xe
液气平面 gas-fluid level k2eKs*WLC
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air KKpM=MZ
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination +788aK,{#
胃肠造影 gastroenterography -aBhN~
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography _wXT9`|3
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign -`8@
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) 2<*"@Vj
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine z?13~e[D
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon }t#|+T2f
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time 9+ Mj$
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach B^9C}QB
充盈缺损 filling defect ^6# yL6E,~
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds K
'I6iCrD
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) 64b AWHv
球部激惹现象 irritable cap <Z t ]V`-
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) P'iX?+*
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis vE`;1UA}
蠕动消失 aperistalsis ^jL44?W}l
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation EwcFxLa!F
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon 7kD?xHpe
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold d_(;sW"I
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold XR8`,qH>
五、胆道 bile tract S7J.(;
82
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography y}FG5'5$13
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography zEQQ4)mA
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography 2.JrLBhN
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) _!|$ i
胆总管扩张dilated common duct dH0>lV
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily aPe*@py3T
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately iuqJPW^}
收缩功能 contractibility qm#?DSLap
六、骨骼skeleton b"@-9ke5I
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone \8*j"@ !H
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance Z 9cb
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction UCmJQJc
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction)
cMtUb
骨化 ossification >yenuqIKQv
畸形 deformity _ZWU~38PM
缩短 shortening $0{h Uex
移位 displacement =.J>'9 Q
脱位 luxation y]i}j,e0L
半脱位 subluxation @w%kOX
连接不正 malunion aFny
hu&W'
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture \2f?)id~
多发性骨折 multiple fracture 3?gfDJfE
病理性骨折 pathological fracture hYFi"ck
关节间隙 joint space !#5y%Bf
椎间隙 intervertebral space lZ"C~B}9:I
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage 5^qs>k[mN
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) :hB6-CZkqN
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis :[PA .Upi
死骨 sequestrum ,
P1m#
骨质坏死 bone necrosis 2c,w
4rK
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint IAmMO[9H
关节强直 ankyloses E-9>lb
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation Nb0T3\3W
对线良好 good alignment oY\;KPz
对位良好 good apposition (:+Wc^0
七、泌尿系统 urological system ,F'y :
px
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) )>rYp
)
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography tsB}'+!v#
萎缩 atrophy hR>`I0|p&
移位 deformity ye
{y[$#3
扭曲 distortion '7]9q#{su
充盈缺损 filling defect v49i.c9
狭窄 stricture xnZ
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone Ko0T[TNkh
八、X线检查位置 C0>)WVCK
前后位 anteroposterior projection WK SWOSJ
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection `1
Tg8
侧位 lateral projection _=qk.| p/
立位 upright position Vx n-
斜位 oblique projection &9n=!S'Md
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection >BMtR0
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection Ban"H~
前凸位 lordotic position projection ?zXlLud8
轴位 axial position NCx)zJ\S
头位 cranial projection y$|O
E%S
尾位 caudal projection KXo[;Db)k