▶重译法 vg5;F[e
在考博英语翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。重译法有如下三大作用:一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。 {]w@s7E
We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. EJrn4QOs
译文:___________________________________________________ k )T;WCia
▶增译法 K2glkGK
为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语。 <e
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A new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless -is attracting increasing attention. ?Rj)x%fN
译文:___________________________________________________ {b^JH2,
▶减译法 Q!<b"8V]
和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增必有减。理解了增译法之后也就明白了减译法,它是增译法的反面。 x\
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These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. *h
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译文:___________________________________________________ |3?q L
▶词类转译法 9
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在翻译时,由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类,这就是词类转译法,这种方法不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。 jc
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(1)a.→v. m%-
The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions. 5X5 &(S\
译文:___________________________________________________
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(2)n.→a. h
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In all this great serenity of ocean it is seldom that we espy so much as another ship. 9:!<=rk
译文:___________________________________________________ D<zgs2Ex
还有其它词类转移的情况,这里将不再一一赘述,总之,词类转移要遵守忠实与通顺的原则。
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▶词序调整法 5__8+R
词序调整法的英语inversion一词,不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”或“颠倒词序”之类,否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆。inversion作为一种翻译技巧,其意思为:翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变,并不只是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。 at@B>Rb
It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. T=|oZ
译文:___________________________________________________ [WDtr8L
▶正义反译,反义正译 5sD\4 g)HK
negation在语法与翻译两个不同学科中含义不尽相同。作为一种翻译技巧,它主要指在翻译实践中,为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。 777N0,o(
(1) 需要正义反译的词和短语有:deny“否决,否定→不给予”;miss“错过→没赶上(交通工具);没听(看到)或没听(看懂)”;live up to one’s expectations“不(没)辜负……的希望”;divert attention from“将注意力从……移开→没有意识到”;be absent“未出席;没来”;far from“远非;完全不”;final“最终的→不可改变的”;idly“漫不经心地;无所事事地”;be at a loss “不知所措”;rather than/instead of“而不是”;absent-minded“心不在焉的”;but for“要不是;如果没有”等。 ^h
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The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying, “We’ll forever live up to what our Party expects of us.” H=OKm
译文:___________________________________________________ -,t2D/xK
(2)需要反义正译的词汇是含有no或not的一些短语,如:no less than“实在是;正如;不少于”;no less…than“和……一样;不亚于”;no other than“只有;正是”;none other than(用以加强语气)“正是;恰恰是;不是别人,正是……”;nothing but“只有(是);只不过”;no choice but“别无选择只(好)得”;以及一些带有词缀的词,如:unfold“展开;呈现”;disappear“消失;失踪”;carelessly“马马虎虎地;粗心地”等。 1'dL8Y
From the passage we learn that an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice. +SGM3tY
译文:____________________________________________________ SbmakNWJ}
▶分译法 yp=(wcJ
分译法主要用于长句的翻译。为了使译文忠实、易懂,有时不得不把一个长句译成两句或更多的句子。这是分译法的主要内容,此处所谓的句子不在于结尾处用句号,而在于有无主谓结构,一般说来,含有一个主谓结构的语言部分就是一个句子。这种句子大是含有定语从句的句子,在英汉互译时,尤其在英译汉中,如能将定语从句译成前置定语,则尽量避免其他译法;如译成前置定语不合适,一般是分译成另外一个独立的句子或另一种从句,如译成状语从句等。 )6# i>c-
It is obvious that his period in office was marked by steep rise in his country’s oil revenues and the beginning of a social-political crisis brought out by wide-scale misuse of the $25 billion a year earning from oil. rAK}rNxI
译文:_____________________________________________________ Zs
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▶语态变换法 Cf'O*RFD
这里所说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态,这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的,被动语态的使用是科技文章的主要特点之一,其用法十分广泛。在汉语中,我们可用“被、让、把、遭、换、使、由、受到,为……所”等词来表示被动。但在汉语中的被动语态使用频率比英文要低得多。因此,在遇到被动语态时,应遵循汉语的习惯,如译成被动语态不通,则译成主动语态。
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(1)保留其被动语 -MrEJ
Goodyear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-sticky, and yet elastic. s)dN.'5/
译文:_____________________________________________________ v:c_q]z#B
(2)将被动改为主动 ;6g &_6
① 翻译成汉语的无主语,如果被动句不含by的话。 Fa`/i v
If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. `wt*7~'=
译文:_____________________________________________________ KS($S(Fi
②将that引导的主语从句仍然译为宾语,但要加上表泛指的词语(如人们、大家、我们等)做主语。如: -I7"9}j3
It is hoped that… R=jIVw'
It is reported that… [bd fp
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It is said that… _{ z.Tu
It is supposed that… 6@`Y6>}$_
It must be admitted that… N>?
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It must be pointed out that… {8Jr.&Y2
It is asserted that… KD9Y
It is believed that… {64od0:T
It is well known that… hC@oyC(4
It will be said that… z}v6!u|iZu
It will be seen from this that… A+d&aE}3V
It was told that… %\8E{M:
I was told that… Zf~Em'g"3
It may be said… ;C=C`$Q
It may be argued that… ?9#}p
注意:如果被动结构既有过去分词又有by(或in, for)引导的介词短语,这时将动作的发出者译成主语。如:It is imagined by many that… $ qk2!