考博英语翻译和
阅读中拦路虎就是考博生们头疼的长难句，freekaobo手把手教你攻克长难句，让
考博英语翻译和考博英语阅读变简单。
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rdg 考博英语长难句，其实不管句子多长，结构多么复杂，看起来多难，无外乎是由英语中的8种句子成分(即：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语)组合而成，或者说是在英语中的5种基本句型(即：主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主系表结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾宾补结构)的框架之上添加修饰成分扩展而来的，所以只要掌握了长难句拆分的方法，再长再难的句子就都迎刃而解了。怎么拆分呢？其实是有一些信号大家可以把握住的，下面考博论坛就谈谈这些拆分信号，并通过实例告诉大家如何拆分。
"-TIao# 考博英语长难句拆分信号： "I]% aK0 1、标点符号： #
1,( I 比如，2个逗号形成插入语，破折号表示解释说明，分号相当于“and”表示并列;
Em R#)c~(W 2、连词： =lG5Kc{B 并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等，从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;
'&}B "1 3、介词： '?k*wEu 介词引导介词短语，介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;
_, ;c2 4、不定式符号to： >g6:{-b^a 不定式符号to引导不定式短语，在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外，还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;
A_@#V)D2 5、分词： 8<uKzb(O: 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。
j=d@Ih* 下面我们就按照长难句拆分原则，依照这些拆分信号，结合考博英语阅读或翻译例题中的长难句进行实战演练一下吧! u U>Bun
1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
*, o)` (1)句子拆分 W$P)fPU' 拆分点：从属连词、介词、标点符号
pUr.<yc&u This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
W!z=AL{ (2)句子结构 I "9S 找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
A=|&N%lP' ↓
c0jC84*v 找连词(when, that, that)
mg*[,_3q33 ↓
KaHjL&! 前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词
Ohn d:8E ↓
fXBA
P10# 确定主从句
i%0Ml:Y 主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;
rRL:]%POT 从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
i}+K;,Da:8 (3)解析 D'#Wc#b during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
4 ?,N;Q (4)本句的参考译文 Z@ * ^4Ve 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
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ow =} 总之，只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解，弄清句子的各个成分，并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂，由复杂变得简单，这样句子结构分析技能提高了，长难句也就攻克了，对于考博英语阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。
>ZuWsA0q [ 此帖被nanafly在2019-08-22 23:03重新编辑 ]
