2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 /& c2y=/'C
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第一篇 f4F%\ "
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call X?&{<
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in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol ?UOaqcL
poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was =YfzB!ld
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, &
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and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that o~L(;A]yN
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Tr|PR t
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A 6%:~.ZfN
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of aSxDfYN=R
its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of >}2
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themselves and afraid of relationships. ;(;~yB|NZ5
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the mh`uvqY
insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a ^q0`eS
growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on 6K<o0=,jm2
most campuses. v0=v1G*rvJ
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be =1(7T.t
explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged .X"&kO>G
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has hx8pg,X
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the /"m#mhL
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — ],~
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are the primary architects. Bg zq
It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining yGrnzB6|
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have XP:fL
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been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on _3wK: T{:
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a e8oAGh"
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that ,O:p`"3`0=
they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. )'e1@CR
31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C f8=qnY2j
[A] it is easy to be a college president e{Vn{.i,5
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight Iw)m9h
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus rz-61A) _
[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol ;lrO?sm
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × ,{msJyacmR
正确答案为 C a}|<*!4zUQ
[A] inspiration o"L8n(\
[B] stimulation MtF0/aT
[C] escape j)@{_tv6;
[D] relaxation D+! S\~u
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 cXf/
答案为 D gW4fwE^
[A] artists #.fJ
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[B] experts ips)-1
[C] discoverers `'EG7
[D] designers V*(x@pF
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 \v<S:cTf
B i^Jw`eAmT
[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. s6(md<r
[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. q
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[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. `'3 De(
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. (a-Lx2 T
35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of ]GCw3r(!
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C !
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[A] They can't read or write well. |wQ3+WN|
[B] They can hardly find a good job. F`(;@LO
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. On!+7
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[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.
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第二篇 QfPw5
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Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little Bj><0
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conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to ePv`R'#
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark oTXIs4+G
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. #DJZ42
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the 5[)#
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optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple 8f)pf$v`
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. 7F~g A74h
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for #8M^;4N>[
not-for-profit organizations. <ME>#,
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied s?->2gxhx
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in 8@S]P0lk
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their 7,Z<PE
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be ?@FqlWz ,
achieved in the absence of conflict. 6biR5&Y5U&
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that dhJ=+Fz"w
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in /iQh'rp
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for ! os@G
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking a&)!zhVP
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial HUCJA-OZGL
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial |#yT]0L%pA
indicators. Mk973'K'
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined cwtlOg
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and B<qsa QG
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived Yjd/
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. v.>K
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31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. fB,eeT1v?h
A) wrong P7bb2"_9
B) oversimplified V,'_BUl+x
C) misleading N$C+le
D) unclear 34k>O
注:文章第一句 Yl"CIgt
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. zF{~Md1
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict BtKor6ba
B) the real value of conflict +_bxza(ma{
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict z#P`m,~t0
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict H8dS]N~[Y
注:文章第二段 $o\z4_I
33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________. zks7wt]A
A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization x{K"z4xbI
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations bqA`oRb\
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways `#8k Jt
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict ;bg]H >$U7
注:文章第三段 a8ouk7G
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. r@vt.t0#
A) there is no end of conflict Qo^(r$BD
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged =mPe
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C) decisions must be justifiable TBOg.y]
D) success lies in general agreement FkuD Gg~a
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 o,c}L9nvt
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. .QZjJ9pvK
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy 9%
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B) are free to express diverse opinions *x]*%
C) are less effective in making decisions "M /Cl|z
D) find it easier to reach agreement @|wU
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B C A D B ~OR^
第三篇 r<:d+5"
Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During G}+@C]
their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at I=<Qpd4
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, -vT{D$&1
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, |&W4Dkn
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and _Y]Oloo('
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, 4'*.3f'bp
much of which is said to be based on science. Do\j _
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become K?!W9lUq
functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well dhnX\/
as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for ~xsJML
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, esBv,b?*
tools, echoes, and rainbows. _,aFQ^]'9
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It ,Zb
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide jXALL8[
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practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the 0#8, (6
curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, :Rv+Bm
language arts, music, or art! Tsb}\
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific hE`d@
attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and c*E7nc)u
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh `5wiXsNjLY
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions YsVKdh
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against wEX<[#a-
hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this j
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approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with <a
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the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, k\T]*A
is needed. (293 words) "9aFA(H6w
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them u t4:LHF
will _____. XXA'B{@Y)
A. work in scientific research institutions ':_gYA
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters
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concerning science 5WRqeSGh
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration t g-(e=S4P
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. =FIZh}JD
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy
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subject for them to learn \I4Uj.'>\
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar |IzL4>m:;
with the process and spirit of science .-&
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38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. "a'I^B/
A. practicing communication skills -#/DK
B. studying geography #4LTUVH
C. taking art courses iiJT%Zq`#
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. %++:
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A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others lV4TFt,
B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty E)jd>"
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments dQ-g\]d|
D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the F^!O\8PFd
passage the writer seems to ______. mdrqX<x'~
A. prove that science is a successful course in school U*sQ5uq
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school AU%Yr6
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict h]z 8.k2n
that children who learn science will be good scientists )AdwA+-x
36-40 B A D D C