加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解1
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解1

高分语法讲解 A_2lG!! 6  
5Fq+^  
第一章 名词 *#@{&Q(Qh  
wsc=6/#u  
正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容 4X}TG  
U_E t  
第一节 可数名词 %rEP.T\i  
o"A? Aq  
考点一 单复数 %N\8!aXnf  
可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。 qNMYZ0,  
TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数, 这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。 X76rme  
例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式) {W%XS E  
R?}%rP+^e  
下面我们会讲一下复数形式。 \Il?$Kb/  
复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则: Wkr31Du\K  
1.结尾是s, o, x, ch, sh 的词, 加-es, 如:buses, tomatoes, faxes, matches, brushes 1:u~T@;" `  
2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词, 去掉y加-ies, 如: factory-factories &b-&0 rTqz  
3.结尾是f, fe的词, 去掉f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves, knife-knives \`-xxhb?e  
4.结尾是o, f 的词也有一些加-s, 如: photos, beliefs, chiefs {7 ](-  
R[m+s=+  
例题: , 0?_? GO  
^.*zBrFx  
(1) Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance. UA4MtTp`  
   A         B           C       D c s:E^  
答案:A |f$gQI!XW  
应改为:Flowers *fLVzYpo  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数 >]Dn,*R  
3S%/>)k  
M`)3(|4  
(2) Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronic f/m0,EERk  
   A               B   C          D fEGnI\  
pain. PM QlJ&  
答案:A  KcpQ[6\  
应改为:Doctors V%`\x\Xat  
解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数 &,\my-4c>  
考点二 复数形式特例 y6H`FFqK  
]v+yeGIKS  
这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意 :*t5?  
1.单复数词形相同 `<hMrhfh  
如: people, fish, Chinese(某国人), aircraft, means, series, species,sheep, deer, aircraft等 Q4g69IE  
=t.T9'{  
2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式, 这一点需要重点掌握, 如: ih : XC  
basis-bases                   analysis-analyses             crisis-crises [88PCA:  
medium(媒体)-media       datum(数据)-data             curriculum(课程)-curricula ;RMevVw|  
larva(幼虫)-larvae             criterion(标准)-criteria       phenomenon(现象)-phenomena ^bLFY9hSC  
m<J:6^H@  
3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如: f7;<jj;w7  
clothes       trousers       compasses(圆规)       scales(天平)       savings(储蓄),  EQ>@K-R  
statistics(统计数据),             headquarters(总部), m@",Zr `f=  
4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语, 如: , hp8b$  
goods(货物), manners(礼貌), troops(军队), authorities(当局) &#!1 Y[e^  
RP k'1nD  
5 不规则的名词复数 gN]\#s@[  
child - children             mouse - mice                   louse - lice q RRvZhf  
tooth - teeth             foot       - feet O .jCDAP  
1I40N[PE)  
6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词, 但是要当作单数看待, 如: physics, politics, mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词  hV fANbs  
HI,  `O  
例题: #K!"/,d@>J  
Q 87'zf  
(1) With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leading FbXur-et^  
       A            B           C ?. Ip(g  
jazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities. vx}BT H  
            D _ER. AKY  
U/_hH*N"!  
(2) RrdLh z2N  
Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed $oPc,zS-gL  
  A      B           C           ARG8\qU  
feet. ?%n"{k?#  
 D %AmyT  
答案:D T2Yc` +  
应改为:foot &=XK:+  
解释:feet是foot的复数形式, 不定冠词a 之后应接可数名词的单数, 故将feet 改为单数 _hMFmI=r[  
词汇:sanderling: 三趾滨鹬 R iFUa $  
,5AEtoF  
第二节 限定词 ZZi|0dG4;  
名词究竟要用单数还是复数, 与名词之前的限定词有很大关系, 限定词通常分如下几类: PKQ.gPu6*@  
1.之后肯定接单数: ,H1K sN  
a /an, every, one, another, each, either, this, that, such a, many a, etc. L\V`ou  
例句: Each of them has two books. 0 ZSn r+  
You can read either book. (两本书你可以随便读一本) M+b?qw  
C>SO d]  
2.之后肯定接复数: 9'@G7*Yn  
these, those, many, such, other, !Uv>>MCr  
大于one的数词(ten, hundred, thousand, million…), JoZS p"R  
a few /few /fewer /fewest, a (great /good / large /small) number of, several cDK)zD  
one of, all (of), some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of N(2M  w:}  
#on ,;QN  
3.之后既可接单数又可接复数: the, no, his, her, their, my, etc \L`x![$~q  
注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用 9,JWi{l Iv  
*adznd  
_"*s x-  
)dh`aQ%N "  
考点一 否定限定词no Od:-fw  
 nF<xJs  
(1) no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前, 表示否定意义. 例如: 1 -C~C]&  
No flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花. +S`cUn7  
No one is here. <XtE |LG  
6> z{xYat  
(2) no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。 二者的区别在于: +\)Y,@cw  
no直接修饰名词, 不能与其他限定词同时出现; y7%SHYC p[  
not一般出现在be动词或助动词之后, a, an, any等限定词之前, 它是否定式的组成要素, 而不是名词的限定词 ~sPXkLqK  
es~1@Jb  
例题: =8%*Rrj^  
(1) 29VX-45  
The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ---- clearly understood. *'-t_F';  
(A) none  K+XUC  
(B) no 1uCF9P ai  
(C) not x5V))~Ou  
(D) nor xUCq%r_  
jzGK(%sw"  
答案: C EWgJ"WT F  
解释: 此句主谓完整, 据选项可知空白处需填入合适的词使原句变为否定, 只有否定副词not可以和is配合构成否定句, A、B、D 之后都需要名词词组, 不符题意 s{8=Q0^  
4y?n62N8$  
(2) /f Q}Ls\  
Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when B]: |;d  
A                B           C Zq<j}vVJ  
Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. Uzc p  
        D G2?#MO  
>]xW{71F@  
答案: A 4Orq;8!BW  
应改为: No oP%5ymL%J  
解释: Not是否定副词应置于be动词或助动词之后, 且它与单数名词间需加冠词, 而no是形容词, 可以直接修饰后面的名词 / o I 4&W  
19c_=$mV  
考点二 their等物主代词 M  \  
2f@Cy+W'[  
1.物主代词是常见的名词限定词, 其后既可接可数名词的单复数(his pen, his pens)又可接不可数名词(his time), 但不可与其他的限定词同时出现(部分数词除外),例如:不能说no my car, my no car,但是可以说 My two red cars nqo1+OR  
) \TH'  
2.英语中许多习惯用法在表示特指时都用物主代词而不用the, 为的是更突出所属关系,这在TOEFL中是一个常考的点 9H/R@i[E  
例如:Manufacutrers of consumer goods often change the styles of their products. ~:o$}`mW  
这里用their 而不用 the PREGQ0  
*PV"&cx  
例题: sxph#E%  
(1) ]1Wxa?  
A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten G.~ Q2O#T  
              A      B        C R=D}([pi  
the lives. f!R7v|j P  
 D "aCB}  
b @0= &4  
答案: D o:W*#dt  
应改为: their @KU;' th  
解释: 定冠词the指代不清, 用物主代词their作名词lives的限定语更符合英语习惯, 还可突出lives 与people之间的所属关系 ~jzLw@"~$^  
Ky,upU  
(2) N>"L2E=z$|  
A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any ZvT,HJ0?  
      A        B              C %_4#WI  
specific way. .'_}:~  
    D Ao}<a1 f  
:i?6#_2IC  
答案: B {}ADsh@7d'  
应改为: its #&?ER]|3  
解释: has是动词, 不能修饰名词, 且与从句的谓语冲突, 依句意改为物主代词its作molecules的限定语 %A'mXatk  
YW&K,)L@  
考点三 只接复数名词的限定词 e1h7~ j  
@0 P4pt;(  
a (large /small /great /considerable /remarkable) number of, a variety of, a set of, a few, 等表示数的固定词组之后总是接复数名词 'G>XI;g  
LOcZadr  
例题: Gt*K:KT=L  
(1) DGb1_2ZQ  
In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or cxSHSv 1;  
        A        B        C @XM*N7  
relating those objects. L{&2 P  
 D [O&}Qk  
z{ V;bi;  
答案: B y.D+M$f  
应改为: is a set z=U+FHdh/-  
解释: a set of是固定词组, 表示一套、一组, 后面接可数名词的复数, 与题中objects吻合 \L~^c1s3r  
ZM-P  
(2) JFX}))7  
At birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response. T[1iZ  
A       B     C           D  EF\OM?R  
*w(n%f  
答案: D 3\j` g  
应改为: responses :FS5BT$=  
解释: 短语a number of 后面要求接可数名词的复数, number前可加某些形容词如great, considerable, remarkable, small 等表示a lot of 或 a few 9AhA"+?  
k6ry"W3  
注意 “the number of” 和 “a number of”的区别 :E6*m\X!3  
The number of boys in Class Five is 25. (五班男孩的数目是25, 后面谓语动词用单数) ^SG>VfgC  
A small number of families are able to afford an apartment. (少数家庭能够买得起一套住房, ) hDB(y4/  
b5=|1SjR  
第三节 冠词作限定词 [T =>QS@g  
E-C]<{`O  
冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。 K)>F03=uE  
F<p`)?  
考点一 不定冠词a / an m0ra  
) u{ ]rb[  
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是: vi^YtA  
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university jXf@JxQ  
an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour ZYWGP:Y  
BuRsz6n  
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen). B7'#8heDh  
F*J1w|)F0  
例题: q&>fKSnKs  
(1)       KZ[TW,Gw  
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever lmHQ"z 3G  
   A                 B           C [XI:Yf  
  been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it. Za!KM  
                 D auAz>6L  
答案: B有错 TPBQfp%HU  
应改为: puzzle. AYY(<b  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名    词puzzle [Lje?M* r  
(2) lG0CCOdQ  
Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a KPz0;2}  
   A        B       C          D ${z#{c1  
question of physiology and of culture. 5&p}^hS5  
答案: D有错 ~ 2Hw\fx  
应改为: day !Ltx2CB2]  
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day AcnY6:3Y|  
(3) H[?S*/n,<  
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the {'+{ASpO!  
  A      B       C $s}w23nB  
nonprofessional metal worker. "ADI .  
    D 9O&gR46.  
答案: C ylczM^@  
应改为: still a practical C1_0 9Vc  
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词 VOr: G85*s  
a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型 8 vq-|p  
例题: bnkZWw'9  
(1) rZ(#t{]=!  
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. }[|9vF"g.y  
   A     B    C           D 1ED7 .#g  
答案: A Z}0{FwW"4  
应改为: An emotion iTdamu`L  
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an `,~'T [  
(2) |) ~-Wy  
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine ^bP pcm=  
   A    B                       C NGi)Lh|  
chemically with other atoms. i^:#*Q-co  
         D g?xXX /Qe  
答案: A xC9?rLUZ  
应改为: an atom e%ro7~  
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an I__b$  
7P2 (q  
考点二 定冠词the 0s//&'*Q  
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: .?APDr"QQH  
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: tR9iFv_  
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower 0@{bpc rc  
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: Kp7)my  
the first woman, the nineteenth century a"Iu!$&N  
但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby C[Q4OAFG  
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: /YPG_,lRA  
the largest city, the most advanced technology ]Q.S Is  
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: on8$Kc  
the development of the watch, Ux^ue9  
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如: zobFUFx  
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun i4>M  
在下列情况下,一般不用the: ; m |N 9'  
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: X xwcvE  
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国) XD6Kp[s  
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the so.}WU  
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) 6IK>v*<  
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: )L "Dt_t  
algebra(代数学),       advertising,       accounting(会计学) rVOF  
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: e)-$ #qW  
Historians believe that…,       Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… 6&~Z3|<e  
(4) 一些固定词组中,如: Zd-QZ<c";t  
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed +DefV,Ny  
乘车的词组: B&KIM{j\  
by train(乘火车),       by car (乘汽车),       by bicycle(骑脚踏车),       by bus (乘公共汽车), 7|Wst)_~j  
by land(由陆路),       by sea (由海路),       by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空) d8 v9[ 4  
on foot (步行),       by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船), k'F*uS  
打球的词组: \zA3H$Df~  
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball -; d{}F  
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. {<Y!'WL{  
例题: sy(bL _%  
(D)       [<^'}-SJ  
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used. X?r$o>db  
(A) it was the KF#qz2S  
(B) that the 1"<{_&d1  
(C) there was a (yT&&_zY4  
(D) the u  XZ;K.  
答案:D z+0#H39&  
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指 ^{8CShUCv  
(2) {~\:4  
The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of CAA 3-"Cwi  
           A            B "Rf|o 6!d  
Alaska and a territory of the Canada. a9 S&n5  
     C      D KeyHxU=?  
答案:D ^h`rA"F\  
应改为:of :.-KM7tDI1  
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词 |`I9K#w3  
(3) -=u9>S)!c  
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to 4q@[k: '  
  A      B              C    F Zt;D  
nineteenth century. PUd/|Rc/}  
  D 5!6iAS+I  
答案:D d-8g  
应改为:to the nineteenth ?IO3w{fmH  
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the [H`5mY@  
第四节 不可数名词 UrS%t>6k  
yS#D$q2_  
英文中常把抽象名词和物质名词视为不可数名词, 而其划分的标准往往与汉语的习惯不同, 因此是学习英文的一个难点, 也是TOEFL中常出现的题型 p5nrPL  
 )Z:maz  
抽象名词如: J,`I>^G  
(不可触及的东西,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等)如: PXDJ[Oj7(0  
news(新闻),        information(信息),    population(人口), bh5C  
English(英语),    music(音乐),            management(管理), w-wJhc|  
enthusiasm(热情)    work(工作),            happiness(高兴) . Eb=KG  
还有表达学科类的名词如: HN&]`cr;  
   physics物理,        politics政治学,        mathematics数学, 8PRB_ny  
mechanics力学,    statistics(统计学)        bioloby(生物学) !ZN"(0#qz  
D rouEm  
物质名词如: t$uj(y>  
equipment(装备),    chalk(粉笔),            glass(玻璃), '&y+,2?;Y[  
grass(草),        jewelry(珠宝)            wood(木头) lR]SGd Y  
f[$Z<:D-ve  
I9cZZ`vs  
考点一 与可数名词的显著区别 RJOyPZ]  
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式, 其数的表示必须通过 “数词+量词+of+不可数名词” 的结构或一些特定的限定词, =I)Ex)  
如:a sheet of steel(一片钢),             a piece of furniture(一件家具), {y>Kcfc/?E  
    two pieces of work(两份工作)       an item of news(一条新闻) -s6;IoG/  
2. 不可数名词不能直接出现在不定冠词a, an之后 >!P !F(  
不能够说:an advice(一个建议) ,而应该说 a piece of advice _ 3jY,*  
3. 当表示一类事物时, 可数名词可以通过加a, an、加复数、或加定冠词the等方式, #_fL[j&  
而可数名词一般直接用原形表示种类 gG46hO-M%x  
例题: +q~dS.  
(1) ;c>IM]  
Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter and N1z:9=(I  
       A      B    C          D )}R w@70L-  
trade. JVNp= ikK  
答案:C 8>V)SAI'  
应改为:advertising g h&,U`  
解释:advertising是不可数名词,不能加冠词 %>k$'UW zK  
词汇:barter: 实物交易 t>(}LV.  
3R$*G8v  
考点二 限定词 !5[5l!{x  
不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词: <bgFc[Z  
much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) .t|B6n!  
little /a little /less /least,   a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用 8Ir = @  
例题: I> z0)pB  
(1) Kh2!c+Mw  
Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear '#@tovr  
        A              B         C VTvNn  
image, most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment. 'nh^'i&0.  
                     D R3%&\<a)9  
答案:D g\lEdxm6Sj  
应改为:little. $[DSe~  
解释:equipment是不可数名词, 不能用few修饰, 应改为和其对应的little xnD"LK  
(2) M[7$cfp-Y~  
Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that huge Z`Sbq{Kx  
      A                    B OtFGo 8  
thunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn. r5S5;jL%t  
           C         D hTVA^j(w  
答案:B }IGoPCV|  
应改为:much evidence YPNG9^Y  
解释:many是复数名词的限定词,而evidence是不可数名词,应用much作限定词 TQg~I/  
另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 wmnh7'|0u  
例如: k]9v${Ke  
a lot of students , a lot of money X{G&r$  
the rest of the students, the rest of money r`GA5 }M  
Pansies can be cultivated easily in home gardens, but they require plenty of water and not too much sun. &Y3 r'"  
@[. 0,  
第五节 所有格及of结构 JOFQyhY0>m  
ATscP hk  
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格 :ExCGS[  
所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s, Q .Xs%{B  
如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home, the president's office 2U.'5uA"L  
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' , ;Qq<5I"y  
如: the students' union, the ladies' room zSo(+D &[  
例题: Z b}U 4  
(1) Bx 9v2x.  
It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape. bAS/cuZs  
(A) of the drop 5DxNHEuS  
(B) the drop's L-eO_tTh0  
(C) drop of  !hWS%m@  
(D) drops their l#bE_PD;  
答案: (B) ^aR^M\38  
解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱 = M`Xu#eRk  
(2) ]@{l<ExP  
Over a very lar buKSZ  
ge number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur. 7&&3@96<*#  
(A) occurs ex6 QHUQ  
(B) will occur H7%q[O  
(C) can occur {R8)DK  
(D) occurring /(8"9Sfm  
答案:D *aW:Z6N  
解释:句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除 {4eI} p<  
9";qR,  
考点二 of结构 Y^tUcBm\  
所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系,或者说凡是不能够加's的名词,都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词) r T_J6F5J  
如: the title of the passage RQYD#4|  
例如: IoZ _zz0  
(1) XaF;IS@A  
James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names G@P+M1c  
          A     B     C ,H>'1~q  
of some works years after their completion. <w3_EO  
       D Q zp!)i  
答案: C aC94g7)`  
应改为: paintings '| p"HbJ  
解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目 _*ar\A`  
(2) %UlgG 1?A  
Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and F^.~37= @  
      A         B     C         D u#UtPF7q  
spinal cord. *!pn6OJ"Q}  
答案: B Nq1YFI>W  
应改为: stimulation t;`ULp~&  
解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式 kD(#LM<9s  
6O_l;A[=1  
第六节 名词在句中的作用 CEAmb[h  
jq%}=-%KE  
考点一 名词(词组)作主语 gC(@]%  
填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语 yK y )%i  
例题: 9/_~YY=/h  
(1) ^1yD&i'q  
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution. PS8^=  
(A) was a major collection ^B1$| C D,  
(B) that a major collection #r/5!*3  
(C) a collection was major Y<V$3h  
(D) a major collection #lO ^PK  
答案: (D) p[ &b@U#  
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句 PEMBh?)g  
(2) q\-P/aN_  
The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of {u+=K-Bj  
    A         B        C     D upZ tVdd  
medieval alchemists. w ^?#xU1.i  
答案:A J~n|5* cz  
应改为:beginnings. &;~?\>?I  
解释:句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语 b 0qA  
[%O f  
考点二 名词(词组)作宾语 Lz!JLiMEET  
填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语 PT }J.Dwx  
例题: dS\!tdHP-Q  
(1) pmOUl 8y4  
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans. 5E*Qqe  
(A) new dance, the twist g5RH:]DV  
(B) twist, was the new dance 5S, Kq35$(  
(C) twist, the new dance that I9Uj3cL\  
(D) new dance is the twist (> _Lb  
答案: (A) |>[qC O  
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语 c*]f#yr?  
(2) %H;}+U]Z  
Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep \yZVn6GVr  
     A                B        <h;_:  
to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch. lSlZ^.&  
 C               D QqRF?%7q"q  
答案: D p2k`)=iX  
应改为: promise. dJ#go*Gn  
解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词 w%plK6:6  
'=%`;?j  
考点三 名词(词组)作同位语 /zb/ am1#  
同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明, c9o]w8p/  
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town. 0[M2LF!m  
例题: PTLlLa85<  
(1) ~\i(bFd)  
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts. :CK`v6 Qs  
(A) that institutes vz>9jw:Y  
(B) while instituted [7d(P EQL`  
(C) was an institution 9<&M~(dwT4  
(D) an institute HA,8O [jon  
答案: (D) eY 'n S  
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语 ~CbiKez  
(2) :Yn.Wv -  
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century. (,jsZ!sl  
(A) is the great modern choreographer `2LmLFkb  
(B) one of the great modern choreographers {? Y \T  
(C) that the great modern choreographers 7<*0fy5nn  
(D) the modern choreographers were great TukhGgmF  
答案:B &M<"Fmn  
解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-10-04   
谢谢
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
freekaobo官方微信订阅号 正确答案:考博
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交