加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解2
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解2

考点四 名词(词组)作定语 [M7iJcwt  
名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题 Gx(KN57D  
这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等 ~.PPf/ Z8]  
例题: ;X* K*q  
(1) /I`cS%U  
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, /?.r!Cp  
 A                       B 5@R15q@c6n  
is a prosperous trading and distribute center. K]H"qG.K  
   C         D SHXa{-  
答案: D SxLHFN]  
应改为: distribution/ distributing. ^-e3=&  
解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯 ~n8Oyr  
(2) #GDh/t2@  
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. 0] :*v?  
   A  B      C         D ]Vf8mkDGO  
答案: D YWcui+4p}  
应改为: color +hgaBJy  
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 bOd sMlJkN  
^huBqEs  
 bbQ 10H  
第二章 形容词 xvdnEaWe$  
:uT fhr  
形容词即strong, attractive等描述性的词汇,在句中主要作定语修饰名词,同时还可作表语、宾语补足语等成分 (_%JF[W  
 hZss  
第一节 形容词修饰名词 iP#A-du  
jziA;6uL  
形容词最主要的功能就是修饰名词,如:modern art, electric current, great responsibility;这一考点在TOEFL改错题占有相当的比例,几乎每套题都包含一道以上的题目考形容词修饰名词,主要形式是将本应该使用形容词的位置误用为名词、副词等 VxPTh\O*[  
例题: ?4wehcZz  
(1) HkfSx rTgQ  
The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. G8 <It5CU  
       A  B   C          D P60]ps!M  
答案:C H z < M  
应改为:certain. HhQPgjZ/  
解释:certainty是名词, 意为确定性, 不能修饰名词, 改为形容词certain, 表示某些 Op$J "R  
(2) H,4,~lv|  
Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. gE6y&a  
  A       B         C   D UQji7K }  
答案:C {C0OrO2:  
应改为:visual. 6q  xUT  
解释:vision是名词, 不能修饰名词qualities, 要用它的形容词 v;F+fOo  
注意1:大多数形容词既可以做定语也可以做表语, 有少数形容词一般情况下只能做表语, 比较下面两句话: w_z^5\u0  
The man was awake. @R-~zOv  
There was an awake man. (此句错误, awake不能做定语) .}hZ7>4-  
这类形容词包括: alone, afraid, alike, alert, aware, alive, ashamed, content, unable -) v p&-  
例题: ]BS{,sI  
(1) f@. Q%+!4  
Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means q@RY.&mgW  
     A                 B        C KxTYc  
of on-the-spot, alive reports. 3_1Io+uXk  
       D zC>(!fJqq  
答案: D oj4)7{  
应改为:live (adj. 现场的, 实况转播的) B43#9CK`o  
解释:alive不能做定语, 只能做表语,所以应该改为live reports (现场报道) , LPFb6o  
(2)  ?Ge*~d  
Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also X)R] a]1A  
 A              B               C g7Q*KA+  
gather data from documentary and oral sources. W9:{pQG  
                 D eS# 0-  
答案: A uA}FuOE6  
应改为:like fN%5D z-e  
解释:alike不能做定语, 只能做表语; alike/like 是TOEFL改错中常考的考点 m"m;(T{ v  
注意2:形容词词组修饰名词时要发生后置现象, 避免产生头重脚轻的感觉. uu/7Ie  
如:a room bare of furniture, the form dependent of the contents等, m&z %kVsg]  
注意3:形容词修饰名词的语序也是TOEFL考点之一。 当多个形容词(甚至包括指示代词, 冠词和所有格)并列放置于名词之前时, 它们之间就存在着谁排在前面, 谁排在后面的问题, ;51!a C  
一般来说:这个排序的规则是: Hr,lA(  
冠词(a, an, the)/所有格(my, your等)/指示代词(this, that等) + 数量形容词 + 描述性形容词 + 名词 y2% ^teX k  
如: two young American students ]3# @t:>  
    my three red pencils P:h4  
第二节 比较级 jxOVH+?l%  
英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式: *M!YQ<7G^d  
在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等; )xy{[ K|M(  
或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等 3)MM5 b b$  
少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的), iwTBE ]J  
o>rlrqr?_  
5Fm? ,^  
考点一 含有标志词than (2\ekct ^  
1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象, ej53O/hP  
如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train. 9@>hm>g.  
  She possesses more books than I do. mb6?$1j  
  He is more intelligent than I expected. #"YWz)8  
than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中, _~&v s<  
空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级, eOO*gM=  
空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。  X_S]8Aa  
例题: @%85k/(  
(1) Z"nuO\zH~  
Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States. KEB>}_[  
(A) coolest X \ZUt >  
(B) the coolest dOgM9P  
(C) cooler TbM*?\7  
(D) the cooler c`=h K*  
答案:A J-?(sjIX  
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确 (?wKBUi  
(2) bv"({:x  
Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has. e%7P$.  
           A   B              C     D 9cPucKuj  
答案:A D)$k{v#~  
应改为:more SvrV5X  
解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级 56aJE .?<  
2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来: "2j~3aWj  
情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分, *M5C*}dl  
如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain. 45JLx?rN_  
   (that 指代the population) 2xm?,p`  
  His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues. ZWW}r~d{  
   (those 指代 designs) }+3~y'k  
情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语) @3D%i#2o&[  
如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may 'm ((G4  
    probably contribute more to the success of a play. `N,Jiw;bw  
例题: JYU Ks~Qt  
Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. 2M`Ni&v  
(A) than do m>:ig\  
(B) that are having Onyq'  
(C) which have `/iN%ZKum  
(D) that do >rGlj  
答案:A B-zt(HG  
解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装 bsVOO9.4-  
%QkvBg*  
考点二 (not) so /as…as =^}2 /vA  
比较级特殊句式(not)so/as…as 表示“如同……一样、不如……”等意思,其结构和than句式相仿,但as…as之间的形容词必须用原形,而且as…as必须搭配使用, 81g0oVv  
如:It is as good as it looks. ~=Sr0+vV  
  The boss is not so bad-tempered as you have described. b`=rd 4cpU  
填空题中常给出句子的一部分(第一个as),要求填出相搭配的部分(第二个as),一定要形成对这种搭配句式的敏感。 8i"fhN3?Y  
例题: {[dqXG$v `  
(1) 3e:y?hpeL  
The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as ----. D':A-E  
(A) possibly little nourishment )nVx 2m4  
(B) nourishment possibly little bSzb! hT`  
(C) little as possible nourishment v4zARE9#  
(D) little nourishment as possible r e2%e-F"  
答案:D 4|UIyDt8  
解释:空格处需要动词have的宾语,同时包含as…as句式,A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构,C语序有误,均可排除。D中as…as possible, 为固定用法, 意为“尽可能”. zyE yZc?  
(2) ,'}ZcN2)  
There is evidence that prehistoric humans used fire ---- 400,000 B.C. Q=E6ZxH5;  
(A) so early #t*c*o  
(B) the earliest x(Z@ R\C-a  
(C) as early as ~f:fOrLE#  
(D) so early that L K$hV"SYb  
答案:C IG\ \RYr  
解释:依句意空格处需要“早在”这一意思的正确表达,只有C符合题意,用的是比较级特殊句式as...as >#Y q&@G  
t<=L&:<N  
考点三 the same…as 1 ['A1 ,  
此句式也常用来表示“和……一样”,the same和as既可连用,也可分开使用, pD9c%P  
如:She looks just the same as before. mCo5 Gdt  
  I got the same feeling as you did. .0 K8h:I  
改错题中常将此句式误用为the same…like /than, 要练就一双火眼金睛将其识别出来 -$r fu  
例题: f\JyN@w+  
(1) WF]:?WE%  
Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, but they have heavier bodies, )_ y{^kn3^  
         A       B          C aap:~F{]X  
shorter tails, and longer bills. ;-F#a+2]!  
            D 5VN4A<))  
答案:B \]D;HR`vo  
应改为:as. uE2Y n`Ha  
解释:the same as是固定搭配, 表示“与...一样” +q(D]:@,[  
(2) Kj7Osqu2bE  
Due to sophisticated transportation networks, people can now buy the same types of sC$X7h(Q+  
  A                 B    JmK+#o  
perishable goods in Toronto like in New York City. lZ|Ao0(  
   C          D Q'N<jX[  
答案:D +RM3EvglDQ  
应改为:as TCYnErqk  
解释:与the same相搭配的只有as, like不行 }5gQZ'ys'  
;pNfdII(  
考点四 the more…,the more… {"<Q?yA2y  
此句式常表示“越……越……”,more在此处泛指比较级,此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为避免重复常进行省略, LZeR .8XM>  
如:The more she slept, the less comfortable she felt. srC jq  
  The greater the size, the easier it is for you to spot. 1Dbe0u  
填空题中常需填入两个分句之一,因此看到the more结构,要注意选与其结构相近的另一半the more句式 OygYP  
例题: myYe~f4=HQ  
(1) mb#)w`<  
The greater the population there is in a locality, ----for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.  i J\#su  
(A) the greater the need there is XDn$=`2  
(B) greater need k";;Snk  
(C) is there great need $R^"~|m3M  
(D) the great need @/9> /?JP  
答案:A n4:WM+f4  
解释:这是典型的 “the more…, wxoBq{r;  
.{Xi&[jw  
jj^CW"IB  
the more…” 句式, 意为 “越…, 越…” 其逗号前后两部分结构要平行, 而且后一句可以不倒装, A 完全符合要求. C D 都缺少此固定句式所要求的第二个比较级; B 少定冠词the. 此句亦可改写为: If there is greater population in a locality, there will be greater need for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. FnCHbPlb  
(2) 2@ad! h  
The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---- to the body. &W ~,q(  
(A) the stress it is greater <%!@cE+y  
(B) greater is the stress ,0~'#x>  
(C) greater stress is JeO(sj$e  
(D) the greater the stress rsP1?Hxq  
答案:D M]&9Kg3   
解释:此句涉及比较级的特殊句式the more..., the more..., 此句式要求前后结构平行,当谓语一致时,后面的可省略,符合要求的只有D ;xb:{?  
SDot0`s>  
考点五 no longer /not…any longer rod{77  
no longer /not…any longer和no more/not…any more都表示“不再……”, kweypIB  
如:He no longer smokes. / He doesn't smoke any longer. U*6r".sz  
注意no longer /not…any longer不要混用,no more /not…any more同理,这一句式在改错题中出现。 @)1u  
例题: !7_Q_h',  
(1) |=SaI%%Be  
  Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio n\d-^ml  
          A           B      FzNs >*  
 continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local level. D@! #79:)  
    C                           D chxO*G  
答案:A &'R\yX<J)  
应改为:no longer. Yw./V0Z{@  
解释:根据句意此处应为否定“不再是 ...”,英文中有两种方式表达此意, no longer / not...any longer, 此句只能采用前者, 若用后者语序应为: it is not the big business that it was in the forties any longer
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-09-22   
周一继续
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
freekaobo官方微信订阅号 正确答案:考博
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交