第三节 最高级 ?P+Uv
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考点一 最高级的形式 zF`a:dD$d
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: q{&c?l*2
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; Aeh#
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive x,mt}>
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. `$> Y
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. *90dkJZ.
例题: +ytP5K7
(1) qj_0
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The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular }MOXJb @
A B o_Zs0/
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. KE,.Evyu=
C D SWzqCF
答案:A `D%i`"~Lf&
应改为:easiest. !+3&%vQ)
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 `\VtTS
二、没有等级的形容词 r =x"E$
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 Ee}|!n>
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: V$hL\`e
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 +m./RlQ{
例题: q<3La(^/
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. %"r9;^bj&<
(A) most unique -sA&1n"W&5
(B) unique
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(C) least unique q`p0ul,n
(D)very unique X(/fE?%;
答案: B 9BZ B1oX
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 # l9VTzi
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 7NRa&W2
the most important thing, the biggest elephant Kkq-x'gt^
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: 424iFc[
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience kAp#6->(q
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 ;!f~
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. =SmU;t>t/
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. KgM|:'
例题: "Q+wO+}6
(1) fUf1G{4
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. F-ZTy"z
A B C D ^@/wXj:
答案: D 3M?O(oO
应改为: form the largest <m \Y$Wv
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the `#iL'ND[
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考点三 范围词 Dn<3#V
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级
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例题: HdlOGa6C
(1) Y>3zpeQ!&
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to KW'nW
A B "Ia.$,k9
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. G)YmaHeI;[
C D LkHH7Pd@
答案:C vG6*[c8
应改为:longest. ,#BD/dF
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 "4xo,JUf
考点四 most的其他用法 %x,HQNRDU
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 4E=QO!pVv
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: %n6<6t`$
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; >q?{'#i
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most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists A#']e 8
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: C8v
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal fzVN;h
例题: ,Gbc4x
(1) fup?Mg-
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. wbr$w>n
A B C D lmUCrs37
答案:A 4`o0?_.'
应改为:Most L;g2ZoqIr0
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ]qZj@0#7n
(2) };}N1[D
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds Ui"$A/
A B C (gE<`b
of other cereal plants. OXZK|C;M}
D _7u&.l<;
答案:A )gU:Up24|"
应改为:most. im+g|9@%
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Zw4%L?
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 FeZW S
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the end. =^ Ws/k
第三章 副词 c3rj
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 P!j*4t
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 QCDica `+*
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 xrY >Or
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第一节 副词修饰动词 W:WRG8(F
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 WSU/Z[\`H
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) Zn*W2s^^{
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) dci,[TEGu
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 8eh3K8tL#
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 #jxPh!%9
例题: (?7}\B\
(1) d7&d
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In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the Wy1.nn[
A B C N`X|z
1870's or thereabouts. K'E)?NW69
D 9&kPcFX B
答案:C 48;b
应改为:commercially F$|d#ny
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 _\@zq*E
(2) +uNMyVH
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. FSkX95
(A) facially J5f}-W@
(B) their faces UpQda`rb
(C) having facial Y>2#9LA
(D) they had faces weGsjy(b]N
答案:A Gp?pSI,b.t
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 :UKc:JVNM
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第二节 程度副词much等 )#? K2E
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. LH@Kn?R6
She's not a bit more rational than you were. v}!^RW'X
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 9*!*n ~
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 7~N4~KAUS
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, }-Nc}%5
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; ]h`d>#Hw!
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) {?cF2K#
例题: tC=K;zsXpz
(1) &g8