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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 fnL!@WF  
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考点一 最高级的形式 "aB]?4  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: :9_K@f?n  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; $T1 D ?X  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 42U3>  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. d3 fE[/oU  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. F3,hx  
例题: `r+e! o  
(1) n KDX=73  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular |+cyb<(V J  
    A                          B \hv*`ukF  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. >6r&VZu*n  
 C          D )nQpO"+M  
答案:A DW m$:M4 z  
应改为:easiest. U KMrR9[x*  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ]Ol@^$8}  
二、没有等级的形容词 SobK<6  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 3AX/A+2  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: E-.M+[   
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 K s8S^77  
例题: -.ha\t0J  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. @"'1"$  
(A) most unique 19 bP0y  
(B) unique  p&:R SO  
(C) least unique X/2Xr(z"k  
(D)very unique uDQ d48>  
答案: B <CzH'!FJN  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 0&2TeqsLh)  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: TP'EdzAT  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant iN<&  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: oPo<F5M]d%  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ]\ sBl  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 z"=#<C  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. #N[nvIi}  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. Q$iv27  
例题: @m1vB!  
(1) az?B'|VX  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Z +(V'e;  
  A  B         C              D F4YCU$V  
答案: D  #RbPNVs  
应改为: form the largest u"?cmg<.1  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the azS"*#r6}  
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考点三 范围词 mxGa\{D# y  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 bo0m/hVU  
例题: /V$ [M  
(1) ^z "90-V^  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to x6.an_W6  
            A            B        CL dLO u"  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.  Ae <v  
         C    D &t+03c8g!  
答案:C : \:jIP  
应改为:longest. )DI/y1  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 Fwm{oypg%  
考点四 most的其他用法 :@`Ll;G  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: [6FCbzS_W  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: qCc'w8A  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; U*(m'Ea  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists oi::/W|A+  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: S5-}u)XnH  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal H8`K?SXU  
例题: \XCs( lNh  
(1) d-#MRl$rtK  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. [@e Nb^ R  
   A        B   C     D w[^s) 1  
答案:A p,* rVz[Y  
应改为:Most |dsd5Vdr  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. f[6;)ZA  
(2) a-MDZT<xA+  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds "]f0wLzh  
   A       B              C 9*h?g+\  
 of other cereal plants. [>A%%  
  D Ko] A}v\]  
答案:A GPy+\P`  
应改为:most. uLD%M av  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 [[}KCND  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 ^w5`YI4<  
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the end. ycg5S rg  
第三章 副词 t7pe)i,)  
/XEUJC4  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 ~e~iCyW;S  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 Kr3L~4>  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 \Bg;}\8 X  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 ~5<-&Dyp7  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 _5 Zhv-7  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) PE4#dx^  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) i1e|UR-wl  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式)  i1v0J->  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 ~:~-AXaMT  
例题: @iWql*K;m  
(1) Hy`Ee7>  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the H,bYzWsrPo  
             A        B    C NI_.wB{  
 1870's or thereabouts. r8x<- u4  
      D Hg(%g T  
答案:C }wJ-*By{+  
应改为:commercially D|lp3\`%  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 XC"]/ y  
(2) D=uU:7m  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. w7aC=B/{?i  
(A) facially @(Q 'J`  
(B) their faces 3m:[o`L  
(C) having facial jI:5[. Y  
(D) they had faces vDl6TKXcu  
答案:A w ryjs!  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 *F7ksLH|q  
yzJ VU0s  
第二节 程度副词much等 g*t(%;_m  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. Tv2d?y  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. }Jfi"L  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 N0TEVDsk  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; GR6BpV7  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, rik-C7  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; kex4U6&OQB  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) "\0&1C(G  
例题: 6yZ!K  
(1) i`#5dIb   
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. b3Nr>(Z<}  
   A    B   C    D q=Cc2|Ve  
答案:C |-kU]NJFR  
应改为:much faster L<8:1/d\  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Y*oT (  
(2) F/1B>2$`  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm QAs$fi}f]s  
        A                 B u17e  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. G .PzpBA  
          C     D T.m*LM  
答案:B M A9Oi(L)K  
应改为:more. }@VdtH  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant ~ti{na4W<  
(3) >;|~ z\8  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Z.:g8Xl-6  
         A          B      C ZcT%H*Ib]9  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. c -1Hxd YD  
            D %OS}BAh^i  
考点:程度副词 >\J({/ #O  
答案:D Pr|:nJs  
应改为:still more /da5 "  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, 70sb{)  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 h%2;B;p]  
(4) fU?P__zU4  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 3}U {~l!K  
        A      B          C      D QOb+6qy:3  
swan's. A:{PPjs%LA  
考点:程度副词 ?\_\pa/+  
答案:A CC8M1iW3  
应改为:little 6.uyY@Yx  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little >%x N?%  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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