第三节 最高级 Ads<-.R
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考点一 最高级的形式 _ RT"1"r
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: s5
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在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; g'}`FvADi
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive
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少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. o$H Jg
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 7n\j"0z
例题: {-v\&w
(1) a'>$88tl
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular +Qi52OG
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dish with a small pocket at the bottom. rmg";(I
C D TgQ|T57
答案:A r"u(!~R
应改为:easiest. T`w};]z^d2
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 qK6
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二、没有等级的形容词 MMxoKL
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 wJeqa
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: )q]j?Z.
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Vm1 c-,)3
例题: 9h,yb4jPP
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. $ Pb[c%'
(A) most unique .J6j"
(B) unique p3A-WK|NX
(C) least unique XUqE5[O%
(D)very unique c;~Llj
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答案: B 0.Ol@fO
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 Wn,g!rB^@
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 7quwc'!
the most important thing, the biggest elephant Y`O}]*{>8R
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: >'1Q"$;
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience K[|P6J
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 DwrCysIK
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. x]J-q5
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. Zn 5m.=z
例题: eNC5' Z
(1) sK9h=J;F/
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. "KTnX#<0
A B C D B?YfOSF=5
答案: D Pymh^i
应改为: form the largest 1]3bx N
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the =cKk
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考点三 范围词 o-CJdOS
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 nT.2jk+
例题: @k #y-/~?
(1) 8}0y)aJ
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ?d#(ian
A B (X7yNIPfA
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. -bu. *=
C D
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答案:C `IRT w"
应改为:longest. GQ)cUrXQz
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 v;qL?_:=c
考点四 most的其他用法 -^
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对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: N)y;owgo
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: %t|2GIu
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; & ~G
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists $`{q =
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: g\nL
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a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal kRa$jD^?
例题: A_
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(1) ywtDz8!^u
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. EMH}VigR
A B C D .z7f_KX^
答案:A iZ;jn8
应改为:Most {73DnC~N
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. U]&%EqLS
(2) BeCr){,3
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds Z{)|w=
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of other cereal plants. w8Vzx8
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答案:A RaqrVC
应改为:most. udr'~,R
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 n9yv.p]
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 |EU08b]P29
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the end. :{i mRa-
第三章 副词 |'(IWU
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 Q'LU?>N)/
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 $(hZw
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 _J`M>W)8
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第一节 副词修饰动词 E$baQU hKS
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 4^A'A.0
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ;!Mg,jlQ
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) #-8/|_*
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 3?<vnpN=5d
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 Oms`i&}"}
例题: 8A=(,)`}9
(1) R 1\]Y
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the dDTt _B
A B C Il[WXt<S
1870's or thereabouts. x-EAu3=V
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答案:C =^{+h>#s@
应改为:commercially +z_0 ?x
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 :\XD.n-n
(2) UJ+JVj
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. (n G
(A) facially Obm\h*$
(B) their faces ?2agU
(C) having facial [&&4lKC}u
(D) they had faces /fEXAk
答案:A ~5zh
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解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 9lwg`UWl,
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第二节 程度副词much等 :8FH{sqR
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. /nNHI34
She's not a bit more rational than you were. +Y+kx"8
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 >jm9x1+C
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; n$8A"'.M
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, }0o0 "J-$
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; `CB TZG09
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) >2r/d
例题: U-d&q>
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(1) ZzY6M"eUXD
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. !!AutkEg>
A B C D u=5^xpI<D
答案:C 4
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应改为:much faster d*(1t\
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much @W8RAS~
(2) l%fl=i~oN
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm W NCd k$
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regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. W/+0gh7`,(
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答案:B tO# y4<
应改为:more. fa
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解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant I#0$5a},u^
(3) YRl2e`&jt
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals SExd-=G
A B C ><Z2uJZ4x
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ?%?@?W>s@
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考点:程度副词 giv cq'L
答案:D hP #>`)aNY
应改为:still more qzXch["So
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, 9d
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词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 ,JR7N_"I
(4) yZKj>P1
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a Gk<h_1WWK
A B C D [/I4Pe1Yj%
swan's. ,oR}0(^"\<
考点:程度副词 SOd(& >
答案:A i=Y#kL~f
应改为:little #P1k5!u
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little SH"O<cDp
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅