第三节 最高级 : ZrJL&
R7bG!1SHl
考点一 最高级的形式 [7v|bd
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种:
8v;^jo>ug
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; P'Rw/co
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive =hKAwk/^
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. !?>V^#c
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 0\%g@j-aD
例题: OjUPvR2 0
(1) C{}_Rb'x
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular ~gfR1SE
A B AYbO~_a\N
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. A;TP~xq\
C D ,L/ x\_28
答案:A iQ/~?'PB
应改为:easiest.
zU?O)w1'
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 Vx_33";S\
二、没有等级的形容词 \Rny*px
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 bx3Q$|M?
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 8 t5kou]h
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 jo`ZuN{
例题: gfQ?k
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 1-_r\sb
(A) most unique 5f-b>=02
(B) unique ^ po@U"
(C) least unique x|6]+?l@6
(D)very unique $coO~qvU
答案: B A]z*#+Sl
Wc3z7xK1@
考点二 最高级前的限定词 Ke$_l]}
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: L|=5jn9 :
the most important thing, the biggest elephant r\Nfq(w
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: y0 * rY
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience gYKz,$
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 OK[J
h
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. %Y^J''
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. xnP!P2
例题: t[^$F,
(1) @YJI'Hf67
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. ]?Ef0?44
A B C D uDF;_bli)H
答案: D 2QfN.<[-
应改为: form the largest BrV{X&>[i
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the YDt+1Kw}D
^Co-!j
M
考点三 范围词 {MUB4-@?F$
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 ud1M-lY\U
例题: \CbJU
(1) p9(y b
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to hp\&g2_S0W
A B zkQ[<
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. L4#pMc
C D rqdwQ
答案:C ^J!q>KJs
应改为:longest. x(_[D08/TT
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 8.E"[QktZ
考点四 most的其他用法 A'WR!*Yt
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: ?6#
won
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: Cy/&KWLenf
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; PNU(;&2<
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists #YUaM<
O
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: W
U(_N*a
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal sV^:u^
例题: hsZ/Vnn`
(1) nla6QlFYn*
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. .6B\fr.za
A B C D Yo-}uTkw
答案:A ZzT=m*tQ&
应改为:Most nQ%HtXt;
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ]BQYVx/
(2) bp1AN9~
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 8xpplo8
A B C "tK%]c d-
of other cereal plants. 9
_d2u#
D lOIk$"Ne
答案:A ao(T81
应改为:most. D$>_W ,*V
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 N^^0j,
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 2wf&jGHs
6CJMQi,kn
the end. `i7r]
第三章 副词 So:X!ljN(e
g(7-3q8eq
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词
@=J|%NO
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 Z$oy;j99y
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 R1jl <=
>1y6DC
第一节 副词修饰动词 JAbUK[:K
<LX\s*M)
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 M5xJ_yjG
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ^aFm6HS1
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 18g_v"6o
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) [P$Xr6#
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 DM.lQ0xk
例题: Iq$| ?MH
(1) m 2H4V+M+
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the W{p
}N
A B C @sXFu[!U
1870's or thereabouts. -@To<