第三节 最高级 fnL!@WF
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考点一 最高级的形式 "aB]?4
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: :9_K@f?n
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; $T1
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或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 42U3>
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. d3 fE[/oU
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. F 3,hx
例题: `r+e!o
(1) n KDX=73
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular |+cyb<(V J
A B \hv*`ukF
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. >6r&VZu*n
C D )nQpO"+M
答案:A DW
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应改为:easiest. U
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解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ]Ol@^$8}
二、没有等级的形容词 So bK<6
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 3AX /A+2
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: E-.M+[
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 K
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例题: -.ha\ t0J
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. @"'1"$
(A) most unique 19bP0y
(B) unique p&:RSO
(C) least unique X/2Xr(z"k
(D)very unique uDQ
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答案: B <CzH'!FJN
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 0&2TeqsLh)
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: TP'EdzAT
the most important thing, the biggest elephant iN<&
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: oPo<F5M]d%
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience ]\sBl
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 z"=#<C
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. #N[nvIi}
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. Q$iv27
例题: @m1v B!
(1) az?B'|VX
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Z+(V'e;
A B C D F4YCU$V
答案: D #RbPNVs
应改为: form the largest u"?cmg<.1
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the azS"*#r6}
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考点三 范围词 mxGa\{D#y
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 bo0m/hVU
例题: /V$[M
(1) ^z"90-V^
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to x6.an_W6
A B CL
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.
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C D &t+03c8g!
答案:C : \:jIP
应改为:longest. )DI/y1
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 Fwm{oypg%
考点四 most的其他用法 :@`Ll;G
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: [6FCbzS_W
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: qCc'w8A
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; U*(m'Ea
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists oi::/W|A+
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: S5-}u)XnH
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal H8`K?SXU
例题: \XCs(
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(1) d-#MRl$rtK
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.
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A B C D w[^s)1
答案:A p,* rVz[Y
应改为:Most |dsd5Vdr
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. f[6;)ZA
(2) a-MDZT<xA+
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds "]f0wLzh
A B C 9*h?g+\
of other cereal plants. [>A%%
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答案:A GPy+\P`
应改为:most. uLD%M av
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 [[}KCND
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 ^w5`YI4<
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the end. ycg5S
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第三章 副词 t7pe)i,)
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 ~e~iCyW;S
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 Kr3L~4>
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 \Bg;}\8
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第一节 副词修饰动词 ~5<-&Dyp7
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 _5 Zhv-7
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) PE4#dx^
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) i1e|UR-wl
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) i1v0J->
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 ~:~-AXaMT
例题: @iWql*K;m
(1) Hy`Ee7>
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the H,bYzWsrPo
A B C NI_.wB{
1870's or thereabouts. r8x<-u4
D H g(%gT
答案:C }wJ-*By{+
应改为:commercially D|lp3\`%
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 XC"]/y
(2) D=uU:7m
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. w7aC=B/{?i
(A) facially @(Q'J`
(B) their faces 3m:[o`L
(C) having facial jI:5[. Y
(D) they had faces vDl6TKXcu
答案:A w ryjs!
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 *F7ksLH|q
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第二节 程度副词much等 g*t(%;_m
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. T v2d?y
She's not a bit more rational than you were. }Jfi"L
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 N0TEVDsk
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; GR6BpV7
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, rik-C7
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; kex4U6&OQB
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) "\0&1C(G
例题: 6yZ!K
(1) i`#5dIb
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. b3Nr>(Z<}
A B C D q=Cc2|Ve
答案:C |-kU]NJFR
应改为:much faster L<8:1/d\
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Y*oT(
(2) F/1B>2$`
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm QAs$fi}f]s
A B u17e
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. G .PzpBA
C D T.m*LM
答案:B MA9Oi(L)K
应改为:more.
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解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant ~ti{na4W<
(3) >;|~
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Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Z.:g8Xl-6
A B C ZcT%H*Ib]9
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. c-1Hxd YD
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考点:程度副词 >\J({/ #O
答案:D Pr|:nJs
应改为:still more /da5"
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, 70sb{)
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 h%2;B;p]
(4) fU?P__zU4
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a 3}U {~l!K
A B C D QOb+6qy:3
swan's. A:{PPjs%LA
考点:程度副词 ?\_\pa/+
答案:A CC8M1iW3
应改为:little 6.uyY@Yx
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little >%x N?%
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅