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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 Exs _LN  
KZ >"L  
考点一 最高级的形式 .STf  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种:  x g5@;p  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ,HO/Q6;N  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive ?bYQZJ>&  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. tlxjs]{0E  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. {|wTZ  
例题: te4"+[ $|  
(1) Xqva&/-  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular 3LnyQ  
    A                          B KZ/^gR\d  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ~S{\wL53  
 C          D ;A'17B8  
答案:A 9d (v^T  
应改为:easiest. @:&dOqQ  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ae Lo;!Jh  
二、没有等级的形容词 cZF;f{t  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 CbaAnm1  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: |B WK"G  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 x=|@AFI  
例题: w)SxwlW}  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. %.gjBI=  
(A) most unique g#nsA(_L  
(B) unique 5*'N Q010  
(C) least unique ;8Q?`=a  
(D)very unique }nERQq&A  
答案: B @?AE75E{  
T $]L 5  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 \V\ET  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: QN5N h s  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant u+FftgA  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: xH-k~#  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience I}3K,w/7mi  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 5]ob;tAm  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. aV#;o9H{  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. jl29~^@}1i  
例题: wpMQ 7:j  
(1) tELnq#<6  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. dL"i\5#%A  
  A  B         C              D vv_?ip:t  
答案: D {D.0_=y~2  
应改为: form the largest `G{t<7[[;  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the ds[~Cp   
-<.NEV  
考点三 范围词 e.h:9` "*  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 ]&BFV%kw  
例题: cne[-E  
(1) 1 SZa\ ][@  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to D4T+Gk"n  
            A            B        +g30frg+Gl  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. KwyXM9h6=  
         C    D y5 +&P  
答案:C [a6lE"yr  
应改为:longest. l)bUHh5[  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 $nN$"  
考点四 most的其他用法 IC42O_^  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: ]kvE+m&p}^  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: yV`vu/3K  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; (ZJ_&8C#  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 3Ed PKM j&  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: :oQaN[3>_  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal {QJ`.6Kt  
例题: X} 8U-N6)  
(1) =="SW"vNi  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ,;}RIcvQV  
   A        B   C     D X?a67qL  
答案:A S([De"y  
应改为:Most b87d'# .  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 1owoh,V6  
(2) &bNj /n/  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds g;1 UZE;  
   A       B              C ,$>Z= ~x*  
 of other cereal plants. 9EW 7,m{A  
  D VB%xV   
答案:A Urr1 K)  
应改为:most. UgJHSl  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 |ipppE=  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 u-$AFSt  
aJ ts  
the end. Z'~FZRF  
第三章 副词 I&9B^fF6  
%]` WsG  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 +J}M$e Q  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等  u[u=:Y+  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 \v <}{\.|$  
{_JLmyaerZ  
第一节 副词修饰动词 =G`m7!Q)  
hG U &C]  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 @QofsWC  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) RL%{VE  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) @9L9c  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) _gHJ4(?w  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 |cacMgly  
例题: {+ m)*3~w  
(1) n.)-aRu[  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ;%)i/MGEB  
             A        B    C #KwFrlZ  
 1870's or thereabouts. >Y:ouN~<  
      D Ce:kMkJ  
答案:C CfAqMH*ip  
应改为:commercially s}.nh>Q  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 >/>a++19  
(2) W^x[ma z  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. B3D4fYQ  
(A) facially :p{iBDA  
(B) their faces `4o;Lz~  
(C) having facial 2a G<^3  
(D) they had faces Av'H(qB\K  
答案:A #X)s=Y&5!T  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 a'|0e]  
@ZmpcoDI  
第二节 程度副词much等 6 3HxQH  
q*T+8 O  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. e'jR<ln|  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. 0-5:"SN'  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 h1BdASn_  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 9(C Ke,  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, xsa* XR  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; WN0^hDc-  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) wiutUb Y  
例题: Un<~P@T%  
(1) 4fN<pG,  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. kqy Y:J  
   A    B   C    D }/=VnCfU  
答案:C ^Ab|\ 5^3  
应改为:much faster ]!f=b\-Av  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much v/kYyz  
(2) 55#H A?cR  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm uv@4/M`  
        A                 B D3_,2  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. m\Dbb.vBvW  
          C     D 2nw P-i  
答案:B NZ Xmrc{S  
应改为:more. UCl,sn  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant X&K1>dgWP  
(3) N[AX29  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals IQR?n}ce  
         A          B      C S3 &L  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. kQYX[e7n  
            D |n~- LH++  
考点:程度副词 <Q%\ pAP}b  
答案:D {| Tl3  
应改为:still more w,^!kO0)~8  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, b,s T[!X[  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 1}'|HAu  
(4) MbF.KmV  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a  Qq>M}  
        A      B          C      D )y._]is)b  
swan's. 40mgB4I  
考点:程度副词 /-1[}h%U'  
答案:A u>d, 6 !  
应改为:little ]x?`&f8i  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little U@DIO/C,m`  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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