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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 :ZrJL&  
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考点一 最高级的形式 [7v|bd  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 8v;^jo>ug  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; P'Rw/c o  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive =hKAwk/^  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. !?>V^#c  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 0\%g@j-aD  
例题: OjUPvR2 0  
(1) C{}_Rb'x  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular ~gfR1SE  
    A                          B AYbO~_a\N  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. A;TP~xq\  
 C          D ,L/x\_28  
答案:A iQ/~?'PB  
应改为:easiest. zU?O)w1'  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 Vx_33";S\  
二、没有等级的形容词 \Rny*px  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 bx3Q$|M?  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 8 t5kou]h  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 jo`ZuN{  
例题: gfQ?k  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 1-_r\sb  
(A) most unique 5f-b>=02  
(B) unique ^po@U"  
(C) least unique x|6]+?l@6  
(D)very unique $coO~qvU  
答案: B A]z*#+Sl  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 Ke$_l]}  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: L|=5jn9 :  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant r\Nfq(w  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: y0* rY  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience gYKz,$  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 OK [J h  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. % Y^J''  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. xnP!P2  
例题: t[^$F,  
(1) @YJI'Hf67  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. ]?Ef0?44  
  A  B         C              D uDF;_bli)H  
答案: D 2QfN.<[-  
应改为: form the largest BrV{X&>[i  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the YDt+1Kw}D  
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考点三 范围词 {MUB4-@?F$  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 ud1M-lY\U  
例题: \CbJU  
(1) p9(y b  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to hp\&g2_S0W  
            A            B        zkQ[<  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. L4#pMc  
         C    D rqdwQ  
答案:C ^J!q>KJs  
应改为:longest. x(_[D08/TT  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 8.E"[QktZ  
考点四 most的其他用法 A'WR!*Yt  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: ?6# won  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: Cy/&KWLenf  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; PNU(;&2<  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists #YUaM< O  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: W U(_N*a  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal sV^:u^  
例题: hsZ/Vnn`  
(1) nla6QlFYn*  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. .6B\fr.za  
   A        B   C     D Yo-}uTkw  
答案:A ZzT=m*tQ&  
应改为:Most nQ%HtXt;  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ]BQYVx/  
(2) bp1AN9~  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 8xpplo8  
   A       B              C "tK%]c d-  
 of other cereal plants. 9 _d2u#  
  D lOIk$"Ne  
答案:A  ao(T81  
应改为:most. D$>_W,*V  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 N^^0j,  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 2wf&jGHs  
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the end. `i7r]  
第三章 副词 So:X!ljN(e  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 @=J|%NO  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 Z$oy;j99y  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 R1jl<=  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 JAbUK[:K  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 M5xJ_yjG  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ^aFm6HS1  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 18g_v"6o  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) [P$Xr6#  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 DM.lQ0xk  
例题: Iq$| ?MH  
(1) m 2H4V+M+  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the W{p }N  
             A        B    C @sXFu[!U  
 1870's or thereabouts. -@To<<`n  
      D +`y(S}Z  
答案:C +z >)'#  
应改为:commercially {>&~kM@  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 .hTqZvDa  
(2) tj dPi a  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 'H1 ~Zhv  
(A) facially ,5DJ54B!  
(B) their faces 5'%I4@Qn+  
(C) having facial +ikSa8)*i  
(D) they had faces =]5tYIU  
答案:A fv+]iK<{  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 *dBy<d Iy  
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第二节 程度副词much等  Spm 0`  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. -H| 9 82=  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. 'u,|*o  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 j,n:%5P\v  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; <T 2O^  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, +NlnK6T/  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; U)}]Z@I-  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) yi7.9/;a  
例题: #~0N k6*u  
(1) m^X51,+<  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. n,I3\l9  
   A    B   C    D +VwQ=[y]  
答案:C ]jT}]9Q$  
应改为:much faster mV0,T*}e  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much vPkLG*d 8  
(2) *ug~LK5Y.  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm WfPb7T  
        A                 B >$Y/B=e  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. S^O9}<2g  
          C     D q4RO uE|d  
答案:B IjI 'Hx  
应改为:more. KEAXDF&#  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant Y RZ\nun  
(3) C'R9Nn'  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals *'@O o  
         A          B      C hSehJjEoM  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Xv1vq -cM  
            D zt .k Nb  
考点:程度副词 pcMzLMG<  
答案:D 91OxUVd  
应改为:still more ki1(b]rf  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, ybaY+![*  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 rr# nBhh8  
(4) <':h/ d  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a e5_Hmuk|  
        A      B          C      D #XQ/y}(  
swan's. /HIyQW\Ki-  
考点:程度副词 [@@{z9c  
答案:A ? AfThJc  
应改为:little  : (UK'i  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little t:wBh'K~R8  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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