第三节 最高级 sw(|EZ7F
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考点一 最高级的形式 gHH[QLD=I
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: &x4|!"G
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; >/-Bg:
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive S;!7/z
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. B1U
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TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. KW36nY\7
例题: ge&!GO
(1) vri<R8
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular l8DZ2cw]
A B N/B-u)?\:
dish with a small pocket at the bottom.
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C D [@$t35t~
答案:A U,\t2z
应改为:easiest. l.SoiFDd
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 =%crSuP
二、没有等级的形容词 S1*xM
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 >s;dooZ
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: /o nZ14
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 S),acc(d
例题: e6'y S81
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. |)YN"nqg
(A) most unique Uj)`(}r
(B) unique U{&gV~
(C) least unique ggzcANCD<
(D)very unique 6Iv &c2
答案: B ks(BS k4
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 yH',vC.
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: ;Z-%'5hKM
the most important thing, the biggest elephant lemUUl(^
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: ]9$^=z%SE
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience *~jTE;J
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 7SJtW`
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如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. Qis/'9a
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. mW 'sdb
例题: kuo!}QFL
(1) =$F<Ac;&
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. ;a~
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A B C D DDp\*6y3l
答案: D #b$qtp!,
应改为: form the largest 4)E$. F^
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the %@Nu{?I
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考点三 范围词 YaAOP'p
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 `z<I<
例题: ({WV<T&
(1) b_a
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The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to }5lC8{wZ
A B ]q 3.^F
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. hf< [$B
C D k83S.*9Mx
答案:C WXe]Q b
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应改为:longest. QEc4l[^{.B
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 -qdt$jIM
考点四 most的其他用法 2[g kDZ
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: cSYMnB
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 4XIc|a Aa
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; ZMO ym=
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists eR:
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2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: C!W0L`r
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 5Tq*]ZE
例题: nt$
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(1) arN=OB
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. hr3<vWAD
A B C D du_~P"[
答案:A H7(D8.y )
应改为:Most i7%`
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解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. x.Tulo0/
(2) D 3Tqk^5
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds moL3GV%]Gq
A B C 3?
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of other cereal plants. Ty} Y/jW
D H
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答案:A i@mS8%|l
应改为:most. 2@Oz _?O=
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 5}Z>N,4
词汇:cereal: 谷类的
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the end. UjS+Ddp
第三章 副词 c2-oFLNP=
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 `R!Q(rePx
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 )YW"Zo8~!1
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 [,(+r7
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第一节 副词修饰动词 t1wzSG
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 !*S,S{T8
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) Iw?*y.z|
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) NxnaH!wS
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) FC
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改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 "z*.Bk
例题: r+k
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(1) o`G6!
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the >~_z#2PA
A B C Kg`P@
1870's or thereabouts. +\$c_9|C+
D a~?B/
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答案:C q" EW*k+
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应改为:commercially xojt s;n
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 -*Tf.c
(2) W =;,ls
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. cQ'x]u_
(A) facially :,fT^izew
(B) their faces $B7c\MR
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(C) having facial N;,zPW a
(D) they had faces UBJYs{zz
答案:A h(R7y@mp\0
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 w]nt_xj
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第二节 程度副词much等 ^M%P43
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. E)`0(Z:E
She's not a bit more rational than you were.
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注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 ,]nRnI^
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; A FBH(ms't
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, EZ:?
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比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; t- TUP>_
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) mj'N)6ga
例题: <
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(1) Ook\CK*nKe
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. rk4KAX_[
A B C D uF1 4;
答案:C (+;D~iN` k
应改为:much faster bCr
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解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much .ahY 1CO
(2) $]Ix(7@W
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 3 !8#wn
A B ]
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regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. wr:W}Z@pL
C D s8[(
答案:B ("PZ!z1m1
应改为:more. P^=B6>e
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant ,/GFD[SQ
(3) V6](_
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Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals 7P}l^WX
A B C ks("(
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oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Lg(G&ljE@k
D A^6z.MdYZ
考点:程度副词 {d'B._#i
答案:D IKnf
应改为:still more f/Y7@y
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, 2]Cn<zJ
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 K3h];F!^
(4) +mD;\iW]
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a E$4H;SN \
A B C D
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swan's. ^`dMjeF
考点:程度副词 +h/OQ]`/m
答案:A ro
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应改为:little 3AR'Zvn
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 5xnEkg4q4
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅