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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级  ?P +Uv  
P0}B&B/a:  
考点一 最高级的形式 zF`a:dD$d  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: q{&c?l*2  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; Aeh #  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive x,mt}>  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. `$> Y  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. *90dkJZ.  
例题: +ytP5K7  
(1) qj _0 td$  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular }MOXJb @  
    A                          B o_Zs0/  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. KE,.Evyu=  
 C          D SWzqCF  
答案:A `D%i`"~Lf&  
应改为:easiest. !+3&%vQ)  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 `\VtTS  
二、没有等级的形容词 r =x"E$  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 Ee}|!n>  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: V$hL\`e  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 +m./RlQ{  
例题: q<3La(^/  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. %"r9;^bj&<  
(A) most unique -sA&1n"W&5  
(B) unique {g nl6+j  
(C) least unique q`p0ul,n  
(D)very unique X(/fE?%;  
答案: B 9BZ B1o X  
 a k5D  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 # l9VTzi  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 7NRa&W2  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant Kkq-x'gt^  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: 424iFc[  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience kAp#6->(q  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 ;!f~  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. =SmU ;t>t/  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. KgM|:'  
例题: "Q+wO+}6  
(1) fUf 1G{4  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. F-ZTy"z  
  A  B         C              D ^@/wXj:  
答案: D 3M?O(oO  
应改为: form the largest <m\Y$Wv  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the `#iL'ND[  
8Kl&_-l{b  
考点三 范围词 Dn<3#V  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 )0 E_Y@  
例题: HdlO Ga6C  
(1) Y>3zpeQ!&  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to KW'nW  
            A            B        "Ia.$,k9  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. G)YmaHeI;[  
         C    D LkHH7Pd@  
答案:C vG6*[c8  
应改为:longest. ,#BD/dF  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 "4xo,JUf  
考点四 most的其他用法 %x,HQNRDU  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 4E=QO!pVv  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: %n6<6t`$  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; >q?{'#i /  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists A#']e8  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: C8v  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal fz VN;h  
例题: ,Gbc4x  
(1) fup?Mg-  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. wbr$w>n  
   A        B   C     D lmUCrs37  
答案:A 4`o0?_.'  
应改为:Most L;g2ZoqIr0  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ]qZj@0#7n  
(2) };}N1[D   
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds Ui"$A/  
   A       B              C (gE<`b  
 of other cereal plants. OXZK|C;M}  
  D _7u&.l<;  
答案:A )gU:Up24|"  
应改为:most. im+g |9@%  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 Zw4%L?   
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 FeZWS >N  
Nk%$;Si  
the end. =^Ws/k  
第三章 副词 c3rj :QK6I  
k[pk R{e  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 P! j*4t  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 QCDica `+*  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 xrY >Or  
|FaK =e  
第一节 副词修饰动词 W:WRG8(F  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 WSU/Z[\`H  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) Zn*W2s^^{  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) dci,[TEGu  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 8eh3K8tL#  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 #jxPh!%9  
例题: (?7}\B\  
(1) d7&d FvG  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the Wy1.nn[  
             A        B    C  N`X|z  
 1870's or thereabouts. K'E)?NW69  
      D 9&kPcFX B  
答案:C 4 8; b  
应改为:commercially F$|d#ny  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 _\@zq*E  
(2) +uNMyVH  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. FSkX95  
(A) facially J5f}-W@  
(B) their faces UpQda`rb  
(C) having facial Y>2#9LA  
(D) they had faces weGsjy(b]N  
答案:A Gp?pSI,b.t  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 :UKc:JVNM  
lF7".  
第二节 程度副词much等 )#? K2E  
p ]s)Xys  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. LH@Kn?R6  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. v}!^RW 'X  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 9*!*n ~  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; 7~N4~KAUS  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, }-Nc}%5  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; ]h`d>#Hw!  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) {?cF2K#  
例题: tC=K;zsXpz  
(1) &g8Xjx&zj  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. |@'K]$vZ*  
   A    B   C    D $p }q,f.  
答案:C (Dba!zSs  
应改为:much faster /Ea&Zm  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much T#H-GOY:  
(2) t p\d:4~R  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm :pvVm>  
        A                 B f$?`50D"1  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. G}dq ft5"  
          C     D |*8X80<  
答案:B %Go/\g   
应改为:more. 95/;II  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant SK@lr  
(3) 7PO]\X^(zE  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals $9 G".T  
         A          B      C >v1.Gm  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ZpwFC7LW  
            D ;h d%w mE  
考点:程度副词 Yic4|N?u  
答案:D |B2>}Y/  
应改为:still more 4Le{|B  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, |k: FNu]C  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 ?uF3Q)rCk  
(4) @,]$FBT"5  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a ny<D1>{90  
        A      B          C      D 5VGZ5,+<<  
swan's. 8K\S]SZ  
考点:程度副词 3Z}KRsp3  
答案:A _|COnm  
应改为:little :{-/b  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little P qa;fiJ)  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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