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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 Ads<-.R  
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考点一 最高级的形式 _ RT"1"r  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: s5 zGg] 0  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; g'}`FvADi  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive Oc"'ay(g  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. o $HJg  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. 7n\j"0z  
例题: {-v\&w  
(1) a' >$88tl  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular +Qi52OG  
    A                          B . tH35/r  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. rmg";(I  
 C          D TgQ|T57  
答案:A r"u(!~R  
应改为:easiest. T`w};]z^d2  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 qK6  uU9z  
二、没有等级的形容词 MMxoKL  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 wJeqa  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: )q]j?Z.  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 Vm1c-,)3  
例题: 9h,yb4jPP  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. $Pb[ c%'  
(A) most unique .J6 j"  
(B) unique p3A-WK|NX  
(C) least unique XUqE5[O%  
(D)very unique c;~Llj P  
答案: B 0.Ol@fO  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 Wn,g!rB^@  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 7quwc'!  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant Y`O}]*{>8R  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: >'1Q"$;  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience K[|P6J   
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 DwrCysIK  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. x]J-q5  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. Zn 5m.=z  
例题: eNC5' Z  
(1) sK9h=J;F/  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. "KT nX#<0  
  A  B         C              D B?YfOSF=5  
答案: D Pymh^i  
应改为: form the largest 1]3bx N  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the =cKk 3kJC  
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考点三 范围词 o-CJdOS  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 nT .2jk+  
例题: @k #y-/~?  
(1) 8}0y)aJ  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ?d#(ian  
            A            B        (X7yNIPfA  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. -bu. *=  
         C    D ;Wh[q*A  
答案:C `IRT w"  
应改为:longest. GQ)cUrXQz  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 v;qL? _:=c  
考点四 most的其他用法 -^ ayJ73  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: N)y;owgo  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: %t|2GIu  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; & ~G  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists $`{q =  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: g\nL n#  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal kRa$jD^?  
例题: A_ z:^9  
(1) ywtDz8!^u  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. EMH}VigR  
   A        B   C     D .z7f_KX^  
答案:A iZ;jn8  
应改为:Most {73DnC~N  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. U]&%EqLS  
(2) BeCr){,3  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds Z{)|w=  
   A       B              C T js{ )r9  
 of other cereal plants. w8Vzx8  
  D \aRB   
答案:A Raqr VC  
应改为:most. udr'~,R  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 n9yv.p]  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 |EU08b]P29  
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the end. :{imRa-  
第三章 副词 |'(IWU  
P l ,M>IQ  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 Q'LU?>N)/  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 $(hZw  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 _J`M>W)8  
3c"{Wu-}  
第一节 副词修饰动词 E$baQU hKS  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 4^A'A.0  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ;!Mg,jlQ  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) #-8/|_*  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) 3?<vnpN=5d  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 Oms`i&}"}  
例题: 8A=(,)`}9  
(1) R 1\]Y  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the d DTt_B  
             A        B    C Il[WXt<S  
 1870's or thereabouts. x-EAu 3=V  
      D <aS1bQgaU  
答案:C =^{+h>#s@  
应改为:commercially +z_0?x  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 :\XD.n-n  
(2) UJ+JVj   
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. (nG  
(A) facially Obm\h*$  
(B) their faces ?2a gU  
(C) having facial [&&4lKC}u  
(D) they had faces /fEXAk  
答案:A ~5zh K:7c  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 9lwg`UWl,  
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第二节 程度副词much等 :8FH{sqR  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. /nNHI34  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. +Y+kx"8  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 >jm9x1+C  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; n$8A"'.M  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, }0o0"J-$  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; `CBTZG09  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) >2r/d  
例题: U-d&q> _@A  
(1) ZzY6M"eUXD  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. !!AutkEg>  
   A    B   C    D u=5^xpI<D  
答案:C 4 0eNgm^  
应改为:much faster d*(1t\  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much @W8RAS~  
(2) l%fl=i~oN  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm W NCdk$  
        A                 B jw H)x  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. W/+0gh7`,(  
          C     D UaB!,vs3st  
答案:B tO#y4<  
应改为:more. fa )G$Q  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant I#0$5a},u^  
(3) YRl2e`&jt  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals SExd-=G  
         A          B      C ><Z2uJZ4x  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ?%?@?W>s@  
            D 9 HuE'(wQ  
考点:程度副词 giv cq'L  
答案:D hP #>`)aNY  
应改为:still more qzXch["So  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, 9d v+u6)  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 ,JR7N_"I  
(4) yZ K j>P1  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a Gk<h_1WWK  
        A      B          C      D [/I4Pe1Yj%  
swan's. ,oR}0(^"\<  
考点:程度副词 SOd(& >  
答案:A i=Y#kL~f  
应改为:little #P1k5!u  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little SH"O<c Dp  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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