考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 zh%qS~8Yv
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开头万能公式: t#5:\U5r.
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1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 o?wt$j-
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! .S!-e$EJ
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? :B.G)M\
经典句型: F7T E|LZ
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) .S_QQM}Q
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. o/1JO_41
(适用于自编名言) +"uwV1)b"
更多经典句型: XG&K32_fs
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… hVUIBJ/5(-
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 )%VCzye*{
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 kA^A mfba
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: k[9A,N^lZB
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college Wc|z7P~',%
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. _whF^g8
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: XLb0
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Honesty jczq`yW
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Pp*}R2
Travel by Bike H$tb;:
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Qra> }e%*
Youth WZ?!!
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 T~J?AKx
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? h|p[OecG
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 ?N>pZR
更多句型: 2EfflZL3
A recent statistics shows that … c7qwNs*f
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结尾万能公式: f&yQhe6 q
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1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 |Q!4GeQL[
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: QlD6i-a
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good >IY,be6>P
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. bx>i6
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如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! GBbh ar},g
更多过渡短语: ;&,.TC?l
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus s'L?;:)dyB
更多句型: n93zD*;5
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… sX:lE^)-z
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 FT/amCRyT
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! 84M3c
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve -3hCiKq
the problem. .mPg0
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? Uix{"
更多句型: V8"Wpl9Cz
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. :'*DM
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Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be *^h_z;{,
taken. %EI<@Ps8c
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 @
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工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: 7ZFJexN]
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is 7GZq|M_:y
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to +t]Xj1Q
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite -7`-wu
similar. .nZ3kT`
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! 2u:4$
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强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 m0( E kK
主 题 句原则 rsF:4G"%
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! R^P_{_I*"
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! Oif,|:
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully h~miP7,c<u
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, 8tQ|-l*
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 U9ZbVjqv@
一 二 三原则 b!a
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领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… ' G#SLqZy
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 ;f%|3-q1[
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) *fhX*e8y
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) f a5]a
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) DO^y;y>
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, xm^95}80yh
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) h>3H7n.
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) ^:DyT@hQB5
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) SrZ50Se
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) e@jfIF0=}
8)most important of all, moreover, finally D4Sh9:\
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) E`)Qs[?Gk
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) !_^g8^>2(
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 7~vqf3ON4J
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: S< x:t(
I cannot bear it. fNoR\5}!
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. ~@fR[sg<
I want it. r/AHJU3&eY
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. Efr&12YSS
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 {L9yhYw
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, t)I0lnbs
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital ?}sOG?{
之类的形象词。再比如: !Zs,-=^D
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room }1m_o@{3P
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room ( V4G<-jG
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room {A3m+_8
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room @ER1zKK?
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room m2b`/JW
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 3h&bZ
1)加法(串联) btQet.
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, T
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但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: ZQ[~*)
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. Cef7+fa
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: EcW1;wH
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. p7UTqKi
其它的短语可以用: !K\itOEP-
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover ^s*\Qw{Ii
2)转折(拐弯抹角) 7@P6
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批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 -eL'KO5'
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. F< |c4
The coat was thin, but it was warm. !!+Da>
更多的短语: rfTe
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, ]) n0MF)p
despite, notwithstanding {8:o?LnMW
3)因果(so, so, so) ;[~^(.
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昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! Tc_do"uU
The snow began to fall, so we went home. :#SNpn=@
更多短语: Omb.53+
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a ~04[KG
result, for this reason, so that M.[wKGX(
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) o^PuhVu
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 {F!v+W>
举例:This is what I can do. qUg9$oh{LI
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 6ZEdihBei
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: Bb_Q_<DTs
When to go, Why he goes away… $rTu6(i1
5)附加(多此一举) %/%gMRXG2
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 w"6aha* %7
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 2L[l'}
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. kF2Qv.5!
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. cD8Ea(
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom GEfY^!F+
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 Y"oDFo,
6)排比(排山倒海句) -%=RFgU4
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! yU!GS-
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated '$*[SauAG
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. QE*%HR'
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such ki4Xp'IK
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean $^IjFdD
tides. !U[:5@s06
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, l_ b_-p
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) nUqL\(UuY
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 <b'1#Pd>0
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! D@*|2 4y
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: 90(UgK&Y
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb >'.[G:b
the Western Hills. aC}p^Nkr"k
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about +8eVj#N
three times that of China. I<KCt2:X
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! c~37+^B:
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 b(1:w"wD
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思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! xlk5Gob*
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted Eny!R@u7q
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as {H'X)n$
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. +2El
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will 7<vy;"wB
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the t)KPp|&
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. y{?Kao7Ij
更多句型: @??u})^EL
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, kM,@[V
for example二、做比较 j+ I*Xw
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; d;<.;Od$`
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through !*9FKDB{
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: GG*BN<(>!
相似的比较: "7:u0p!
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner G$|G w
相反的比较: UYH|?Jw!N
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, RZ<.\N
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nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, $G)&J2z
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…三、换言之 )Gmb?!/^
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 4_WH
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实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! _@7(g(pY 3
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. r.?qEe8VV
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love a$A2IkD
with you. S io1Q0
或者上面我们举过的例子: ybC-f'0
I cannot bear it. SCqu,
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. e#K rgUG
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with u6]gQP">I
it or I am fed up with it. \MF3CK@/
更多短语: .V7Y2!4TE
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more '
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simply